A-K

consort

N. /配偶，伙伴/husband or wife. The search for a consort for the young Queen Victoria ended happily.

bombardment

[bəult] N. /轰击（导弹） /attack with missiles. The enemy bombardment demolished the town. Members of the opposition party bombarded the prime minister with questions about the enemy attack.

array

V. /衣服；穿着，装饰/clothe; adorn. She liked to watch her mother array herself in her finest clothes before going out for the evening. Also N.

bolt

[bəult] N. /门闩；螺钉；布匹的长度/door bar; fastening pin or screw; length of fabric. The carpenter shut the workshop door, sliding the heavy metal bolt into place. He sorted through his toolbox for the nuts and bolts and nails he would need. Before he cut into the bolt of canvas, he measured how much fabric he would need.

cliché

N. /陈词滥调/phrase dulled in meaning by repetition. High school compositions are often marred by such clichés as "strong as an ox."

decipher

[dɪˈsaɪfə] V. /破译，解密/interpret secret code. Lacking his code book, the spy was unable to decipher the scrambled message sent to him from the KGB.

flinch

[flɪntʃ] V. /畏首畏尾，退缩；犹豫/hesitate, shrink. He did not flinchin the face of danger but fought back bravely.

forte

[fɔ:t, fəʊrt, ˈfɔ:ˌteɪ] N. /强项，特殊才能/strong point or special talent. I am noteager to play this rather serious role, for my forte is comedy. 【根】Fort = strong 强壮

forbearance

[fɔ:ˈbeərəns] N. /耐心/patience. We must use forbearancein dealing with him because he is still weak from his illness.

foreboding

[fɔ:ˈbəʊdɪŋ, fəʊr-] N. /不详的预感/premonition of evil. Suspecting noconspiracies against him, Caesar gently ridiculed his wife'sforebodings about the Ides of March.

forgo

[fɔ:ˈgəʊ, fəʊr-] V. /放弃/give up; do without. Determined to lose weight forthe summer, Ida decided to forgo dessert until she could fit into a size eight again.

formality

[fɔ:ˈmælɪti:] N. /仪式；礼节/ceremonious quality; something done justfor form's sake. The president received the visiting heads of state with due formality: flags waving, honor guards standing at attention, anthems sounding at full blast. Signing this petition is amere formality; it does not obligate you in any way.

forestall

[fɔ:ˈstɔ:l, fəʊr-] V. /预防/prevent by taking action in advance. By settingup a prenuptial agreement, the prospective brideand groom hoped to forestall any potential arguments aboutmoney in the event of a divorce.【根】stall = place, "放"

forswear

[fɔ:ˈsweə, fəʊr-] V. /放弃/renounce; abandon. The captured knight could escape death only if he agreed to forswear Christianity and embrace Islam as the one true faith.

flux

[flʌks] N. /变迁；流动/flowing; series of changes. While conditions are in such a state of flux, I do not wish to commit myself too deeply in this affair. 【根】 Flu = flow 流动

frail

[freil] ADJ. /弱的/weak. The delicate child seemed too frail to lift the heavy carton. frailty, N.

fret

[fret] V. /被激怒/to be annoyed or vexed. To fretover your poorgrades is foolish; instead, decide to work harder in the future.

fray

[freɪ] N. /争吵/brawl. The three muskete ers were in the thick of the fray.

frugality

[fru:ˈ gælɪtɪ] N. /俭省节约/thrift; economy. In economically hard times, anyone who doesn't learn to practice frugality risks bankruptcy. frugal, ADJ.

fruition

[fru:ˈɪʃən] N. / 享用；成就；实现/bearing of fruit; fulfillment; realization. This building marks the fruition of all our aspirationsand years of hard work.

fraught

[frɔ:t] ADJ. /满的/filled. Since this enterprise is fraught with danger, I will ask for volunteers who are willing to assume the risks.

frond

[frɔnd] N. /棕榈叶；蕨叶/fern leaf; palm or banana leaf. After the storm the beach was littered with the fronds of palm trees.

frenetic

[frəˈnetɪk] ADJ. /发狂的/frenzied; frantic. His frenetic activities convinced us that he had no organized plan of operation.

facsimile

[fækˈsɪməli:] N. /复制品/COPY. Many museums sell facsimiles of the works of art on display.

fastidious

[fæˈstɪdi:əs, fə-] ADJ. /挑剔的；难伺候的/difficult to please; squeamish. Bobby was such a fastidious eater that he would eat a sandwich only if his mother first cut off every scrap of crust.

farce

[fɑ:s] N. /闹剧；嘲笑 /broad comedy; mockery. Nothing went right; the entire interview degenerated into a farce. farcical, ADJ.

ford

[fɔ:d] N. /津；浅滩/place where a river can be crossed on foot. Rather than risk using the shaky rope bridge, David walked ahalfmile downstream until he came to the nearest ford. also V.

infernal

[ɪnˈfɜ:nəl] ADJ. /魔鬼的，地狱的/pertaining to hell; devilish. Batmanwas baffled: he could think of no way to hinder the Joker's infernal scheme to destroy the city.

debutante

[ˈdebjʊˌtɑ:nt, ˈdeɪbju:-] N. /初次参加社交活动的 /young woman making formal entrance into society. As a debutante, she was often mentioned in the society columns of the newspapers.

deadlock

[ˈdedlɔk] N. / 僵局 /standstill; stalemate. Because negotiations had reached a deadlock, some of the delegates had begun to mutter about breaking off the talks. also V.

deadpan

[ˈdedpæn] ADJ. /麻木的/wooden; impersonal. We wanted to see how long he could maintain his deadpan expression.

deference

[ˈdefərəns, ˈdefrəns] N. /尊重的，尊重他人的/courteous regard for another's wish. In deference to the minister's request, please do not take photographs during the wedding service.【根】fer = bring/carry, "带来,拿来"

dais

[ˈdeiis] N. /讲台 /raised platform for guests of honor. When he approached the dais, he was greeted by cheers from the people who had come to honor him.

dexterous

[ˈdekstərəs, -strəs] ADJ. /灵巧的；右撇子/skillful. The magician was so dexterous that we could not follow him as he performed his tricks.【根】dexter = right, "右边"

decadence

[ˈdekədəns, dɪˈkeɪdns] N. /颓废/decay. The moral decadence of the people was reflected in the lewd literature of the period.

deluge

[ˈdelju:dʒ] N. /冲（水）（刺）/flood; rush. When we advertised the position, we received a deluge of applications.【根】luv = wash, "洗,冲"

dutiful

[ˈdu:tɪfəl, ˈdju:-] ADJ. /恭敬的；尊重的/respectful; obedient. When Mother told Billy to kiss Great-Aunt Hattie, the boy obediently gave the old woman a dutiful peck on her cheek.

dwindle

[ˈdwindl] V. /缩水；减少/shrink; reduce. The food in the life boat gradually dwindled away to nothing; in the end, they ate the ship's cook.

dabble

[ˈdæbəl] V. /把...作为兴趣，涉足/work at in a non-serious fashion; splash around The amateur painter dabbled at art, but seldom produced a finished piece. The children dabbled their hands in the bird bath, splashing one another gleefully.

dapper

[ˈdæpə] ADJ. / 整洁的，整齐的 /neat and trim. In " the Odd Couple" TV show, Tony Randall played Felix Unger, an excessively dapper soul who could not stand to have a hair out of place.

dappled

[ˈdæpəld] ADJ. /有斑点的/spotted. The sunlight filtering through the screens created a dappled effect on the wall.

dawdle

[ˈdɔ:dl] V. /游手好闲，混日子/loiter; waste time. We have to meet a deadline so don't dawdle; just get down to work.

doggerel

[ˈdɔ:gərəl, ˈdɔgə-] N. /打油诗/poor verse. Although we find occasional snatches of genuine poetry in her work, most of her writing is mere doggerel.

dogged

[ˈdɔ:gɪd, ˈdɔgɪd] ADJ. /顽固的；顽强的/determined; stubborn. Les Miserables tells of Inspector Javert's long, dogged pursuit of the criminal Jean Val jean.

dormer

[ˈdɔ:mə] N. /天窗/window projecting from roof. In remodeling the attic into a bedroom, we decided that we needed to put in dormers to provide sufficient ventilation for the new room.

dormant

[ˈdɔ:mənt] ADJ. /睡着的；隐匿的/sleeping; lethargic; latent. At fifty her long dormant ambition to write flared up once more; within a year she had completed the first of her great historical novels.【根】dorm = sleep, "睡眠"

dauntless

[ˈdɔ:ntlɪs, ˈdɑ:nt-] ADJ. / 不屈不挠的，大胆的 /bold. Despite the dangerous nature of the undertaking, the dauntless soldier volunteered for the assignment.

document

[ˈdɔkjumənt] V. /书面证明/provide written evidence. She kept all the receipts from her business trip in order to document her expenses for the firm. also N.【根】doc = to teach, "教"

doctrine

[ˈdɔktrin] N. /教育；学说/teachings, in general; particular principle(religious, legal, etc.) taught. He was so committed to the doctrines of his faith that he was unable to evaluate them impartially.【根】doc = to teach, "教"

domicile

[ˈdɔmisail] N. /家/home. Although his legal domicile was in New York City, his work kept him away from his residence for many years. also V.

dossier

[ˈdɔsi:ˌeɪ,ˈdɔ:si:ˌeɪ] N. /档案，资料/file of documents on a subject. Ordered by J. Edgar Hoover to investigate the senator, the FBI compiled a complete dossier on him.

edify

[ˈedəˌfaɪ] V. /教导；启迪，陶冶/instruct; correct morally. Although his purpose was to edify and not to entertain his audience, many of his listeners were amused rather than enlightened.

effigy

[ˈefədʒi:] N. /假人（被人憎恨的，如秦桧）/dummy. The mob showed its irritation by hanging the judge in effigy.

efficacy

[ˈefɪkəsi:] N. /功效/power to produce desired effect. The efficacy of this drug depends on the regularity of the dosage. efficacious, ADJ.【根】fic1.= face, "脸,面"; 2.= do,make,"做,制作"

agent

[ˈeidʒənt] N. /方法，工具；代表/means or instrument; personal representative; person acting in an official capacity. "I will be the agent of America's destruction," proclaimed the beady-eyed villain, whose agent had gotten him the role. With his face, he could never have played the part of the hero, a heroic F.B.I. agent.【根】ag = do, act,"做，代理做"【记】（ag+ent表人或物→做的人→代理人）

gambol

[ˈgæmbəl] 蹦跳，跳跃，嬉戏V. skip; leap playfully. Watching children gambol-ing in the park is apleasant experience. also N.【根】gamb =leg, "腿"

gamut

[ˈgæmət] N. /整个领域/entire range. In this performance, the leadinglady was able to demonstrate the complete gamutof her acting ability.

incense

[ˈinsens] V. /激怒/enrage; infuriate. Cruelty to defenseless animalsincensed Kit: the very idea brought tears of angerto her eyes.【根】cand = white/glow, "白,发光"

adversary

[ˈædvəsəri] N. /对手/opponent. The young wrestler struggled to defeat his adversary.【根】vers= turn, "转"【记】（ad+vers逆反+ary人→逆反之人→对手）

gloss

[glɔ:s, glɔs] over V. /掩盖/explain away. No matter how hard he tried to talk around the issue, President Bush could not gloss over the fact that he had raised taxes after all.

gloat

[gləʊt] V. /垂涎；幸灾乐祸，洋洋得意/express evil satisfaction; viewmalevolently. As you gloat over your ill-gotten wealth, do you think of the many victims you have defrauded?

illusion

[iˈlju:ʒən] N. /幻觉/misleading vision. It is easy to create an opticalillusion in which lines of equal length appeardifferent.

immune

[iˈmju:n] ADJ. /免疫；抵抗/resistant to; free or exempt from. Fortunately, Florence had contracted chicken pox as a child and was immune to it when her baby broke out in spots.

initiate

[iˈniʃieit] V. /开始，发源 /begin; originate; receive into a group. The college is about to initiate a program in reducing mathanxiety among students.【根】it = go, "行走"

enamored

[iˈnæməd] ADJ. /爱情的；坠入爱河的/in love. Narcissus became enamored of his own beauty.【根】amor = love, "爱,情爱"

inaugurate

[iˈnɔ:ɡjureit] V. /开始；开幕；开幕式/start; initiate; install in office. The airline decided to inaugurate its new route to the Far East with a special reduced fare offer. inaugural, ADJ.

crop

[krɔp] V. /收割，修剪，种植/cut off unwanted parts of a photograph; graze. With care, David cropped the picture until it sedges neatly framed the flock of sheep cropping the grass.

adept

[əˈdept] ADJ. /擅长于/expert at. She was adept at the fine art of irritating people. also N.【根】ept = fit/ability, "适应,能力"【记】(ad加强+ept适应,能力→有能力→熟练的)

amalgamate

[əˈmælgəˌmeɪt] V. /结合，整合/combine; unite in one body. The unions will attempt to amalgamate their groups into one national body.【记】（amalgam汞合金+ate）

amass

[əˈmæs] V. /收集/collect. The miser's aim is to amass and hoard as much gold as possible.【记】（a+mass一大团）

inflated

[ɪnˈfleɪtɪd] ADJ. /夸张的，虚华的，被放大的/exaggerated; pompous; enlarged (with air or gas). His claims about the new product wereinflated, it did not work as well as he had promised.

infraction

[ɪnˈfrækʃən] N. /打破（常规）/violation (of a rule or regulation); breach. When Dennis Rodman butted heads with that referee, he committed a clear infraction of NBA rules.

infallible

[ɪnˈfæləbəl] ADJ. /一贯正确的/unerring. We must remember that none of us isinfa lible; we all make mistakes.【根】fall1.= err/deceive, "犯错误,欺骗"; 2.= ,"错,假"

infirmity

[ɪnˈfɜ:mətɪ] N. /弱点/weakness. Her greatest infirmity was lack of willpower.

gustatory

[ˈɡʌstətəri,ˈɡʌstətɔri] ADJ. /味觉的/affecting the sense of taste. The Thai restaurant offered an unusual gustatory experience for thoseused to a bland cuisine.

ignominy

[ˈɪgnəˌmɪni:, -məni:] N. /丢脸；抹黑；耻辱/deep disgrace; shame or dishonor. To lose the Ping-Pong match to a trained chimpanzee! How couldRollo stand the ignominy of his defeat? ignominious, ADJ.【根】nomin = name, "名称,名字"

implicate

[ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪt] V. /牵连，牵扯（犯罪）；暗示 /incriminate; show to be involved. Here's the deal: if you agree to take the witness standand implicate your partners in crime, the prosecution willrecommend that the judge go easy in sentencing you.【根】plic1.= fold, "重叠,重复"; 2. 折; 3. 弯

improvise

[ˈɪmprəˌvaɪz] V. /临时准备；即席创作，现编/compose on the spur ofthe moment. She would sit at the piano and improvisefor hours on themes from Bach and Handel.

impotent

[ˈɪmpətənt] ADJ. /无能的；弱的/weak; ineffective. Although he wished to break the nicotine habit, he found himself impotent in resisting thecraving for a cigarette.【根】potent = powerful, "有力的"

impasse

[ˈɪmˌpæs] N. /走投无路；僵局/predicament from which there is noescape; deadlock. In this impasse, all turned to prayer as theirlast hope.【根】pass1.= pass through, "步,通过"; 2.= feeling, "感情"; 3.= ,"忍耐,遭受"

indolent

[ˈɪndələnt] ADJ. /懒惰/lazy. Couch potatoes lead an indolent life lyingback on their Lazyboy recliners watching Tv. indolence, N.

indigent

[ˈɪndɪdʒənt] ADJ. /穷困的/poor; destitute. Someone who is trulyindigent can't even afford to buy a pack of cigarettes.[Don't mixupindigent and indigenous. See previous sentence.]

indices

[ˈɪndɪsi:z] n. PL. /符号；暗示/signs; indications. Many collegeadmissions officers believe that SAT scores and high school grades are the best indices of a student's potential to succeed incollege. N. SG. index.

infidel

[ˈɪnfɪdəl, -ˌdel] N. /异教徒，异端；不信宗教的/unbeliever. The Saracens made war against the infidels.【根】fid = trust/faith, "信任,相信,信念"

incubate

[ˈɪnkjəˌbeɪt, ˈɪŋ-] V. /孵卵/hatch; scheme. Inasmuch as our supply ofelectricity is cut off, we shall have to rely on the hens to incubate these eggs.【根】cub1.= lie down, "躺"; 2.= barrier, 躺的"东西,障碍"

increment

[ˈɪnkrəmənt, ˈɪŋ-] N. /增加/increase. The new contract calls for a 10 percent increment in salary for each employee for the next two years.【根】crease = grow/make, "增长,产生,生长"

insularity

[ˈɪnsjʊˈlærɪtɪ] N. /与外界隔绝；僵化；思想狭窄/narrow-mindedness; isolation. The insularity of the islanders manifested itself in their suspicion of anything foreign. insular, ADJ.【根】insul= island 岛屿

instigate

[ˈɪnstɪˌgeɪt] V. /驱使；激励，鼓动/urge; start; provoke. Rumors of police corruption led the mayor to instigate an investigation into the department's activities.【根】stinct1.= prick, "刺,刺激"; 2. 引申为火焰

insolence

[ˈɪnsələns] N. /傲慢/impudent disrespect; haughtiness. How dareyou treat me so rudely! The manager will hear of your insolence. insolent, ADJ.

introvert

[ˈɪntrəˌvɜ:t, ˌɪntrəˈvɜ:t] N. /性格内向的人/one who is introspective; inclined to think more about oneself. In his poetry, he reveals that he is an introvert by his intense interest in his own problems. alsoV.

intimacy

[ˈɪntəməsi:] N. /亲密；隐私/closeness, often affectionate; privacy; familiarity. In a moment of rare intimacy, the mayor allowed thereporters a glimpse of his personal feelings about his family. intimate, ADJ.

intimate

[ˈɪntɪmət] V. /私下的，秘密的，亲密的；宣告/hint; suggest. Was Dick intimating that Jane had bad breath when he asked if she'd like a breath mint?

inundate

[ˈɪnʌnˌdeɪt, ˈɪnən-] /v淹没；吞并/overwhelm; flood; submerge. This semester I am inundated with work: You should see the piles of paperwork flooding my desk. Until the great dam was built, thewaters of the Nile used to inundate the river valley like clockwork every year.【根】und = wave, "波动"

influx

[ˈɪnˌflʌks] N. /注入，流入/flowing into. The influx of refugees into thecountry has taxed the relief agencies severely.

ingrate

[ˈɪnˌgreɪt] N. /忘恩负义者；不领情的人/ungrateful person. That ingrateBob sneered at the tie I gave him.【根】grat = pleasing, "感激,高兴"

inkling

[ˈɪŋklɪŋ] N. /暗示，提示/hint. This came as a complete surprise to me as I did not have the slightest inkling of your plans.

eerie

[ˈɪəri:] ADJ. /怪异的/weird. In that eerie setting, it was easy to believe in ghosts and other supernatural beings.

chassis

[ˈʃæsi:, ˈtʃæsi:] N. /底盘/framework and working parts of an automobile. Examining the car after the accident, the owner discovered that the body had been ruined but that the chassis was unharmed.

charlatan

[ˈʃɑ:lətən] N. /吹牛、冒充内行者，骗子/quack; pretender to knowledge. When they realized that the Wizard didn't know how to get them back to Kansas, Dorothy and her companions were indignant that they'd been duped by a charlatan.

chauvinist

[ˈʃəʊvɪnɪst] N. /盲目爱国主义/blindly devoted patriot. A chauvinist cannot recognize any faults in his country, no matter how flagrant they may be. Likewise, a male chauvinist cannot recognize his bias in favor of his own sex, no matter how flagrant that may be. chauvinistic, ADJ.

chivalrous

[ˈʃɪvəlrəs] ADJ. /勇敢；诚实/courteous; faithful; brave. Chivalrous behavior involves noble words and good deeds.

ideology

[ˌaidiˈɔlədʒi] N. /意识形态/system of ideas of a group. For people whohad grown up believing in the communist ideology, it was hard to adjust to capitalism.【根】ideo = idea, "思想,观点"

beneficial

[ˌbeniˈfiʃəl] ADJ. /有用的/helpful; useful. Tiny Tim's cheerful good nature had a beneficial influence on Scrooge's once uncharitable disposition.【根】bene- "善,好"

beneficiary

[ˌbenəˈfɪʃi:ˌeri:, -ˈfɪʃəri:] N. /（遗产）受益人/person entitled to benefits or proceeds of an insurance policy or will. In Scrooge's will, he made Tiny Tim his beneficiary. everything he left would go to young Tim.【根】bene- "善,好"

benediction

[ˌbenɪˈdɪkʃən] N. /祝福/blessing. The appearance of the sun after the many rainy days was like a benediction.【根】bene- "善,好"；dict = say/assert, "说话,断言,写"【记】(bene善,好+dict说+ion表名词→说好话)

beatific

[ˌbi:əˈtɪfɪk] ADJ. /祝福；幸福的/giving bliss; blissful. The beatific smile on the child's face made us very happy.【根】beat = blessed, "有福的"【记】( beat+ific)

badinage

[ˌbædnˈɑ:ʒ] N. /开玩笑，揶揄；取消/teasing conversation. Her friends at work greeted the news of her engagement with cheerful badinage.

bacchanalian

[ˌbækəˈneɪljən] ADJ. /喝醉的，耍酒疯/drunken. Emperor Nero attended the bacchanalian orgy.

barricade

[ˌbæriˈkeid] N. /屏障；障碍物/hastily put together defensive barrier; obstacle. Marius and his fellow students hurriedly improvised a rough barricade to block police access to the students' quarter. Malcolm and his brothers barricaded themselves in their bedroom to keep their mother from seeing the hole in the bedroom floor. Also V.【根】barr = stick, "棒,栏"【记】(barr棒,栏+ic+ade表名词→n.&v.设栅阻挡,栅栏)

buccaneer

[ˌbʌkəˈniə] N. /海盗/pirate. At Disneyland the Pirates of the Caribbean sing a song about their lives as bloody buccaneers.

geniality

[ˌd ʒi:nɪˈælɪtɪ] N. /亲切；同情/cheerfulness; kindliness; sympathy. This restaurant is famous and popular because of thegeniality of the proprietor who tries to make everyone happy.

jubilation

[ˌd ʒu:bɪlˈeɪʃən] N. /庆祝/rejoicing. There was great jubilation when the armistice was announced. jubilant, ADJ.

diagnosis

[ˌdaiəɡˈnəusis] N. /诊断/art of identifying a disease; analysis of a condition. In medical school Margaret developed her skill at diagnosis, learning how to read volumes from a rapid pulse or a hacking cough. diagnose, V.; diagnostic, ADJ.

diabolical

[ˌdaɪəˈbɔlɪkəl] ADJ. /恶魔的/devilish. "What a fiend I am, to devise such a diabolical scheme to destroy Gotham City," chortled the Joker gleefully.

debonair

[ˌdebəˈneə] ADJ. /殷勤的，有礼貌的/friendly; aiming to please. The debonair youth was liked by all who met him, because of his cheerful and obliging manner.

degradation

[ˌdegrəˈdeɪʃən] N. /降级；降格；退化/humiliation; debasement; degeneration. Some secretaries object to fetching the boss a cup of coffee because they resent the degradation of being made to do such lowly tasks. degrade, V.

deleterious

[ˌdelɪˈtɪəri:əs] ADJ. /有害的/harmful. If you believe that smoking is deleterious to your health (and the Surgeon General certainly does), then quit!

depredation

[ˌdeprɪˈdeɪʃən] N. /掠夺/plundering. After the depredations of the invaders, the people were penniless.

deposition

[ˌdepəˈzɪʃən] N. /宣言，誓言/testimony under oath. He made his deposition in the judge's chamber.【根】pose1.= put, "放"; 2. 引申为"职位"

detonation

[ˌdetnˈeɪʃən] N. /引爆，爆炸/explosion. The detonation of the bomb could be heard miles away.

detrimental

[ˌdetriˈmentl] ADJ. /有害的/harmful; damaging. The candidate's acceptance of major financial contributions from a well known racist ultimately proved detrimental to his campaign, for he lost the backing of many of his early grassroots supporters. detriment, N.

anticlimax

[ˌænti:ˈklaɪˌmæks, ˌæntaɪ-] N. /反高潮，突降/letdown in thought or emotion. After the fine performance in the first act, the rest of the play was an anticlimax. anticlimactic, ADJ.

antecede

[ˌæntiˈsi:d] V. /先于/precede. The invention of the radiotelegraph anteceded the development of television by a quarter of a century.【根】ced = go, "行走,前进"【记】（ante前＋cede→走在前面→先行）

incantation

[ˌɪnkænˈteɪʃən] N. /咒语/singing or chanting of magic spells; magicalformula. Uttering incantations to make the brew more potent, the witch doctor stirred the liquid in the caldron.

incarnation

[ˌɪnkɑ:ˈneɪʃən] N. /化身；具人形/act of assuming a human body andhuman nature. The incarnation of Jesus Christ is a basic tenet of Christian theology.

Marital

ADJ. /婚姻的/ nuptial ADJ. /婚姻的/

blasé

ADJ. /厌于享乐/bored with pleasure or dissipation. Although Beth was as thrilled with the idea of a trip to Paris as her classmates were, she tried to act super cool and blasé, as if she'd been abroad hundreds of times.

bantering

ADJ. /可笑的，嘲弄的/ good-natured ridiculing. They resented his bantering remarks because they thought he was being sarcastic.

horticultural

ADJ. /园艺的/pertaining to cultivation of gardens. When he bought his house, he began to look for flowers anddecorative shrubs, and began to read books dealing withhorticultural matters.

*carping

ADJ. /挑剔的，吹毛求疵/finding fault. A carping critic is a nitpicker: he loves to point out flaws. If you don't likethis definition, feel free to carp.

cipher

N. /不重要的人或物/nonentity; worthless person or thing. She claimed her ex-husband was a total cipher and wondered why she had ever married him.

barterer

N. /交易商/trader. The barterer exchanged trinkets for the natives' furs. It seemed smarter to barter than to pay cash.

anthropologist

N. /人类学家/a student of the history and science of mankind. Anthropologists have discovered several relics of prehistoric man in this area.【根】anthrop = man,human, "人，人类"

forebears

N. /前人；祖先/ancestors. Reverence for one's forebears (sometimes referred to as ancestor worship) plays an important part in many Oriental cultures.

dogmatic

ADJ. /独断的，教条的，固执的/opinionated; arbitrary; doctrinal. We tried to discourage Doug from being so dogmatic, but never could convince him that his opinions might be wrong.

effervescence

N. /泡腾，沸腾；兴奋，活泼/inner excitement or exuberance; bubbling from fermentation or carbonation. Nothing depressed Sue for long; her natural effervescence soon reasserted itself. Soda that loses its effervescence goes flat. effervescent, ADJ. effervesce, V.

buffoonery

N. /滑稽的/clowning. In the Ace Ventura movies, Jim Carrey's buffoonery was hilarious: like Bozo the Clown, he's a natural buffoon.

gusty

[ˈɡʌsti] ADJ. /多风的/windy. The gusty weather made sailingprecarious.

cajolery,

N. calamity N. /灾难，不幸/disaster; misery. As news of the calamity spread, offers of relief poured in to the stricken community.

dom

= house 房屋

Duc

= lead 领导

Dogma

= opinion 意见

Dom

= tame,rule 顺服，统治

cursory

ADJ. / 匆匆忙忙的，粗略的 /casual; hastily done. Because a cursory examination of the ruins indicates the possibility of arson, we believe the insurance agency should undertake a more extensive investigation of the fire's cause.【根】curs = run, "跑,发生,快速做......"

chaffing

ADJ. /开玩笑/bantering; joking. Sometimes Chad's flippant, chaffing remarks annoy us. Still, Chad's chaffing keeps us laughing. also N.

billowing

ADJ. /波涛翻滚/swelling out in waves; surging. Standing over the air vent, Marilyn Monroe tried vainly to control her bi lowing skirts.

bristling

ADJ. /竖立的/rising like bristles; showing irritation. The dog stood there, bristling with anger.

compact

ADJ. /紧密的，结实的/tightly packed; firm; brief. His short, compact body was better suited to wrestling than to basketball.【根】pact = fastened, "包裹;紧的;结合"【记】(com全部+pact压紧→全部压紧→紧密的)

craftiness

N. / 狡猾 /slyness; trickiness. In many Native American legends, the coyote is the clever trickster, the embodiment of craftiness. crafty, N.

countenance

N. / 面容，脸色 /face. When Jose saw his newborn daughter, a proud smile spread across his countenance.

antecedents

N. /历史环境；历史背景/preceding events or circumstances that influence what comes later; ancestors or early background. Susi Bechhofer's ignorance of her Jewish background had its antecedents in the chaos of World War II. Smuggled out of Germany and adopted by a Christian family, she knew nothing of her birth and antecedents until she was reunited with her family in 1989.【根】ced = go, "行走,前进"【记】（ante前＋ced+ents→走在前面的历史→历史背景）

contortions

N. /扭歪，弯曲/twistings; distortions. As the effects of the opiate wore away, the contortions of the patient became more violent and demonstrated how much pain she was enduring.【根】tort= twist,"扭曲" 【记】（con全部+tort+ions→全部扭曲→拧弯）

bluff

N. /虚伪；欺骗；悬崖/pretense (of strength); deception; high cliff. Claire thought Lord Byron's boast that he would swim the Hellespont was just a bluff; she was astounded when he dove from the high bluff into the waters below.

heckler

N. /质问者/person who harasses others. The heckler keptinterrupting the speaker with rude remarks. heckle,V.

degenerate

V. /恶化/become worse; deteriorate. As the fight dragged on, the champion's style degenerated until he could barely keep on his feet.

chisel

V. /欺骗/swindle or cheat; cut with a chisel. That crook chiseled me out of a hundred dollars when he sold me that "marble" statue he'd chiseled out of some cheap hunk of rock.

buffet

V. /殴打，斗殴/slap; batter; knock about. To buffet something is to rough it up. (Buffet rhymes with Muffett.) Was Miss Muffett buffeted by the crowd on the way to the buffet tray?【记】读：不菲的，打架是要付出代价的

alloy

V. /混合，中和/mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate. Our delight at the Yankees' victory was alloyed by our concern for Dwight Gooden, who injured his pitching arm in the game.

bolt

V. /猛冲，上门闩，囫囵吞下/dash or dart off; fasten (a door); gobble down. Jack was set to bolt out the front door, but Jill bolted the door. "Eat your breakfast," she said, "don't bolt your food."

converse

V. /谈话，交谈/chat; talk informally. Eva was all ears while Lulu and Lola conversed. Wasn't it rude of her to eavesdrop on their conversation? conversation, N.

bemused

[biˈmju:zd] ADJ. /困惑的，发呆的/confused; lost in thought; preoccupied. Jill studied the garbled instructions with a bemused look on her face.【记】(be表状态，muse< 沉思>）

benign

[biˈnain] ADJ. /良性的，好的；和蔼可亲的/kindly; favorable; not malignant. Though her benign smile and gentle bearing made Miss Marple seem a sweet little old lady, in reality she was a tough-minded, shrewd observer of human nature.benignity, N.

deflect

[diˈflekt] V. /反射，偏转/turn aside. His life was saved when his cigarette case deflected the bullet.【根】flect = bend, "弯曲"

benevolent

[biˈnevələnt] ADJ. /慈善的/generous; charitable. Mr. Fezziwig was a benevolent employer, who wished to make Christmas merrier for young Scrooge and his other employees.【根】：bene- "善,好"；vol = wish,will, "意志,意愿"【记】(bene好+vol意志,意愿+ent......的→好意的)

derogatory

[dɪˈrɔgəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:] ADJ. /贬低的，贬损的/expressing a low opinion. I resent your derogatory remarks.【根】rog = ask, "要求,问"

aria

['ariə] N. /清唱剧/operatic solo. At her Metropolitan Opera audition, Marian Anderson sang an aria from Norma.

*blighted

['blaitid] ADJ. /完蛋了的；生病了的/suffering from a disease; destroyed. The extent of the blighted areas could be seen only when viewed from the air.

fawning

['fɔ:nɪŋ] ADJ. /奉承/courting favor by cringing and flattering. Shewas constantly surrounded by a group offawning admirers who hoped to win some favor. fawn, V.

evenhanded

['i:vən'hændɪd] ADJ. /公平的/impartial; fair. Do men and women receive evenhanded treatment from their teachers, or, as recent studies suggest, do teachers pay more attention to male studentsthan to females?

condiments

['kɒndɪmənt] N. / 调味品 /seasonings; spices. The chef seasoned the dish with so much garlic that we could hardly taste the other condiments.

addict

['ædɪkt] n.有瘾的人； 入迷的人；（吸毒）成瘾者vt.使沉溺； 使上瘾； 使自己沾染（某些恶习）【记】(ad一再+dict说→一再说起→对......入迷)

idolatry

[aɪˈdɔlətri:] N. /过度崇拜/worship of idols; excessive admiration. Suchidolatry of singers of country music is typical of theexcessive enthusiasm of youth.【根】idol = image, "形象,偶像"

irate

[aɪˈreɪt, ˈaɪˌreɪt] ADJ. /愤怒的；生气的/angry. When John's mother found out he had overdrawn his checking account for the thirdmonth in a row, she was so irate she could scarcely speak to him.

ironic

[aɪˈrɔnɪk] ADJ. /讽刺性的/resulting in an unexpected and contraryoutcome. It is ironic that his success came when he least wanted it.

itinerant

[aɪˈtɪnərənt, ɪˈtɪn-] ADJ. /巡回的/wandering; traveling. He was an itinerant peddler and traveled through Pennsylvania andVirginia selling his wares. also N.【根】it= go, "行走"

itinerary

[aɪˈtɪnəˌreri:, ɪˈtɪn-] N. /旅行计划；路线/plan of a trip. Disliking suddenchanges in plans when she traveled abroad, Ethel refused tomake any alterations in her itinerary.【根】it= go, "行走"

iota

[aɪˈəʊtə] N. /极少量的/very small quantity. She hadn't an iota of common sense.

iconoclastic

[aɪˌkɑnəˈklæstɪk] ADJ. /打破旧习/attacking cherished traditions. Deeply iconoclastic, Jean Genet deliberately set out to shockconventional theatergoers with his radical plays.【根】icon = image, "形象"

bicameral

[baiˈkæmərəl] ADJ. /两院制的（参，众）/two-chambered, as a legislative body. The United States Congress is a bicameral body.

biennial

[baɪˈeni:əl] ADJ. /两年一度/every two years. Seeing no need to meet more frequently, the group held biennial meetings instead of annual ones. Plants that bear flowers biennially are known as biennials.【根】enn = year, "年,一年"【记】(bi两+enn年+ial......的→两年 [一次]的)

bait

[beit] V. /欺负，玩弄，折磨/harass; tease. The school bully baited the smaller children, terrorizing them.

bent

[bent] ADJ; N. /先天的/determined; natural talent or inclination. Bent on advancing in the business world, the secretary- heroine of Working Girl has a true bent for high finance.

bane

[beɪn] N. /祸根/cause of ruin; curse. Lucy's little brother was the bane of her existence: his attempts to make her life miserable worked so well that she could have poisoned him with rats bane for having such a baneful effect.

bate

[beɪt] V. /限制；抑制/let down; restrain. Until it was time to open the presents, the children had to bate their curiosity. bated, ADJ.

beam

[bi:m] N. /光束；铁梁，木梁；一束电波/ray of light; long piece of metal or wood; course of a radio signal. V. smile radiantly. If a beam of light falls on you, it illuminates you; if abeam of iron falls on you, it eliminates you. (No one feels like beaming when crushed by an iron beam.)

beatitude

[bi:ˈætɪˌtu:d, -ˌtju:d] N. /祝福/blessedness; state of bliss. Growing closer to God each day, the mystic achieved a state of indescribable beatitude.【根】beat = blessed, "有福的"【记】( beat+itude)

bilk

[bilk] V. /骗/swindle; cheat. The con man specialized in bilking insurance companies.

bedizen

[biˈdaizn] V. /俗丽，俗气/dress with vulgar finery. The witch doctors were bedizened in all their gaudiest costumes.

befuddle

[biˈfʌdl] V. /迷惑/confuse thoroughly. His attempts to clarify the situation succeeded only in befuddling her further.

behemoth

[biˈhi:mɔθ] N. / 怪物；怪兽 /huge creature; monstrous animal. Sportscasters nicknamed the linebacker "The Behemoth."

besiege

[biˈsi:dʒ] V. /围攻/surround with armed forces; harass (with requests). When the bandits besieged the village, the villagers holed up in the town hall and prepared to withstand a long siege. Members of the new administration were besieged with job applications from people who had worked on the campaign.

bestow

[biˈstəu] V. /给予/give. He wished to bestow great honors upon the hero.

betray

[biˈtrei] V. /出卖；背叛/be unfaithful; reveal (unconsciously or unwillingly). The spy betrayed his country by selling military secrets to the enemy. When he was taken in for questioning, the tightness of his lips betrayed his fear of being caught.

bizarre

[biˈzɑ:] ADJ. /怪异的/fantastic; violently contrasting. The plot of the novel was too bizarre to be believed.

bucolic

[bju:ˈkɔlɪk] ADJ. /田园的/rustic; pastoral. Filled with browsing cows and bleating sheep, the meadow was a charmingly bucolic sight.【根】bu = ox "牛"【记】(bu牛+c+olic表形容词→adj.乡村的,牧羊的)

bureaucracy

[bjuəˈrɔkrəsi] N. /官僚机构/over-regulated administrative system marked by red tape. The Internal Revenue Service is the ultimate bureaucracy. taxpayers wasted so much paper filling out IRS forms that the IRS bureaucrats printed up a new set of rules requiring taxpayers to comply with the Paper work Reduction Act.【根】cracy = rule, "统治或政体"【记】（bureau局+cracy统治或政体）

blithe

[blaɪð, blaɪθ] ADJ. /欢乐，高兴/gay; joyous; heedless. Shelley called the skylark a "blithe spirit" because of its happy song.

blare

[bleə] N. /大声喊叫，令人眩晕的强光/loud, harsh roar or screech; dazzling blaze of light. I don't know which is worse: the steady blare of a boom box deafening your ears or a sudden blare of flashbulbs dazzling your eyes.

*bleak

[bli:k] ADJ. /冷淡；凄凉/cold or cheerless; unlikely to be favorable. The frigid, inhospitable Aleutian Islands are bleak military outposts. It's no wonder that soldiers assigned there have a bleak attitude toward their posting.

bland

[blænd] ADJ. /温和的/soothing or mild; agreeable. Jill tried a bland ointment for her sunburn. However, when Jack absentmindedly patted her on the sunburned shoulder, she couldn't maintain a bland disposition.

blanch

[blæntʃ] V. /漂白/bleach; whiten. Although age had blanched his hair, he was still vigorous and energetic.【根】blanc = white, "白"

blurt

[blə:t] V. /脱口而出/utter impulsively. Before she could stop him, he blurted out the news.【记】

bluff

[blʌf] ADJ. /直率的/rough but good-natured. Jack had a bluff and hearty manner that belied his actual sensitivity; he never let people know how thin-skinned he really was.

browse

[brauz] V. /吃草；浏览/graze; skim or glance at casually. "How now, brown cow, browsing in the green, green grass." I remember lines of verse that I came across while browsing through the poetry section of the local bookstore.

breadth

[bredθ] N. /宽度/width; extent. We were impressed by the breadth of her knowledge.

breach

[bri:tʃ] N. /违约；突破；打破/breaking of contract or duty; fissure or gap. Jill sued Jack for breach of promise, claiming he had broken his promise to marry her. They found a breach in the enemy's fortifications and penetrated their lines. also V.

brawn

[brɔ:n] N. /强壮的肌肉/muscular strength; sturdiness. It takes brawn to become a champion weightlifter. brawny, ADJ.

brooch

[brəʊtʃ, bru:tʃ] N. /胸针/ornamental clasp. She treasured the brooch because it was an heirloom.

broach

[brəʊtʃ] V. /介绍，提出，引见/introduce; open up. Jack did not even try to broach the subject of religion with his in-laws. If you broach a touchy subject, it may cause a breach.

bravado

[brəˈvɑ:dəʊ] N. /虚张声势/swagger; assumed air of defiance. The bravado of the young criminal disappeared when he was confronted by the victims of his brutal attack.

brunt

[brʌnt] N. /冲击/main impact or shock. Tom Sawyer claimed credit for painting the fence, but the brunt of the work fell on others. However, he bore the brunt of Aunt Polly's complaints when the paint began to peel.

brusque

[brʌsk] ADJ. /唐图；直率；粗暴无礼 /blunt; abrupt. Was Bruce too brusque when he brushed off Bob's request with a curt "Not now!"?

boon

[bu:n] N. /恩惠，福利/blessing; benefit. The recent rains that filled our empty reservoirs were a boon to the whole community.

bask

[bæsk] V. /享受（温暖）；愉快，舒适/luxuriate; take pleasure in warmth. Basking on the beach, she relaxed so completely that she fell asleep.

barb

[bɑ:b] N. /鱼钩，钩状物/sharp projection from fishhook, etc.; openly cutting remark. If you were a politician, which would you prefer, being caught on the barb of a fishhook or being subjected to malicious verbal barbs? Who can blame the president if he's happier fishing than back in the capitol listening to his critics' barbed remarks?

bard

[bɑ:d] N. /（吟游）诗人/poet. The ancient bard Homer sang of the fall of Troy.

balm

[bɑ:m] N. /（止痛的）安慰物/something that relieves pain. Friendship is the finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love.【根】balm = balsam, "香油"

balk

[bɔ:k] V. /反对；阻止/foil or thwart; stop short; refuse to go on. When the warden learned that several inmates were planning to escape, he took steps to balk their attempt. However, he balked at punishing them by shackling them to the walls of their cells.

berserk

[bə'sə:k] ADV. /疯狂的，狂暴的/frenzied. Angered, he went berserk and began to wreck the room.

bohemian

[bəuˈhi:mjən] ADJ. /不合习俗；放荡不羁/unconventional (in an artistic way). Gertrude Stein ran off to Paris to live an eccentric, bohemian life with her writer friends. Oakland was not bohemian: it was too bourgeois, too middle-class.

bode

[bəʊd] V. /预兆/foreshadow; portend. The gloomy skies and the sulphurous odors from the mineral springs seemed to bode evil to those who settled in the area.

burlesque

[bəˈlesk] V. /作秀，滑稽/give an imitation that ridicules. In Space balls, Rick Moran is burlesques Darth Vader of Star Wars, outrageously parodying Vader's stiff walk and hollow voice.【根】burl = mockery,"嘲笑"

belligerent

[bəˈlɪdʒərənt] ADJ. /好斗的，好斗嘴的/quarrelsome. Whenever he had too much to drink, he became belligerent and tried to pick fights with strangers. belligerence, N.【根】bell = war/fight, "战争,打斗" ; ger = bear,"带来"【记】(belli = bell战争,打斗+ger带来+ent......的→带来战争→交战的)

banal

[bəˈnæl, ˈbeɪnəl, bəˈnɑ:l] ADJ. /平凡，陈腐，老生常谈/hackneyed; commonplace; trite; lacking originality. The hack writer's worn-out cliches made his comic sketch seem banal. He even resorted to the banality of having someone slip on a banana peel!

baroque

[bəˈrəʊk] ADJ. /巴罗克式的，华丽的/highly ornate. Accustomed to the severe lines of contemporary buildings, the architecture students found the flamboyance of baroque architecture amusing. They simply didn't go for baroque.

bedraggle

[bɪˈdrægəl] V. /邋遢的；湿的/wet thoroughly; stain with mud. We were so bedraggled by the severe storm that we had to change into dry clothing. bedraggled, ADJ.

*beguile

[bɪˈgaɪl] V. /欺骗，骗住；消磨时间/mislead or delude; pass time. With flattery and big talk of easy money, the con men beguiled Kyle into betting his allowance on the shell game. Broke, he beguiled himself during the long hours by playing solitaire.【记】(be构成动词+guile欺骗→)

beget

[bɪˈget] V. /得子；产生/father; produce; give rise to. One good turn may deserve another; it does not necessarily beget another.

begrudge

[bɪˈgrʌdʒ] V. /愤恨；嫉妒/resent. I begrudge every minute I have to spend attending meetings; they're a complete waste of time.【记】be+grudge<v 吝啬；怨恨>

*bequeath

[bɪˈkwi:ð, -ˈkwi:θ] V. /遗赠，（代代）相传/leave to someone by a will; hand down. Though Maud had intended to bequeath the family home to her nephew, she died before changing her will. bequest, N.【记】be表状态，queath读：快死。处于快死的状态。

belie

[bɪˈlaɪ] V. /掩饰，造成假象；矛盾/contradict; give a false impression. His coarse, hard-bitten exterior belied his inner sensitivity.

belabor

[bɪˈleɪbə] V. /嘴贫，过度的说；谩骂/explain or go over excessively or to a ridiculous degree; attack verbally. The debate coach warned her student not to bore the audience by belaboring her point.【根】labor = labor, "劳动"【记】(be构成动词+labor劳动→过分劳作→过分做事或哆嗦)

belated

[bɪˈleɪtɪd] ADJ. /推迟的，延期的/delayed. He apolog ized for his belated note of condolence to the widow of his friend and explained that he had just learned of her husband's untimely death.

beleaguer

[bɪˈli:gə] V. /攻击；使烦恼/besiege or attack; harassed. The babysitter was surrounded by a crowd of unmanageable brats who relentlessly beleaguered her.

belittle

[bɪˈlɪtl] V. /蔑视，使渺小 /disparage or depreciate; put down. Parents should not belittle their children's early attempts at drawing, but should encourage their efforts. Barry was a put-down artist: he was a genius at belittling people and making them feel small.

bemoan

[bɪˈməʊn] V. /哀叹，悲伤/lament; express disapproval of. The widow bemoaned the death of her beloved husband. Although critics bemoaned the serious flaws in the author's novels, each year his latest book topped the best-seller list.【记】(be表状态，moan<n 呻吟；vi 抱怨；vt 呻吟>)

bereft

[bɪˈreft] ADJ. /失去的，缺少的/deprived of; lacking; desolate because of a loss. The foolish gambler soon found himself bereft of funds.

berate

[bɪˈreɪt] V. /严厉指责，谴责/scold strongly. He feared she would berate him for his forgetfulness.【记】be表状态rate（vt 责骂）

bereavement

[bɪˈri:vmənt] N. /丧亲/state of being deprived of something valuable or beloved. His friends gathered to console him upon his sudden bereavement.

beset

[bɪˈset] V. /困扰/harass or trouble; hem in. Many vexing problems beset the American public school system. Sleeping Beauty's castle was beset on all sides by dense thickets that hid it from view.

beseech

[bɪˈsi:tʃ] V. /乞求，恳求 /beg; plead with. The workaholic executive's wife beseeched him to spend more time with their son.

besmirch

[bɪˈsmɜ:tʃ] V. /弄脏/soil, defile. The scandalous remarks in the newspaper besmirch the reputations of every member of the society.

betroth

[bɪˈtrəʊð, -ˈtrɔ:θ] V. /订婚/become engaged to marry. The announcement that they had become betrothed surprised their friends who had not suspected any romance. betrothal, N.

betoken

[bɪˈtəʊkən] V. /预示； /signify; indicate. The well-equipped docks, tall piles of cargo containers, and numerous vessels being loaded all betoken Oakland's importance as a port.

dynamic

[daiˈnæmik] ADJ. /充满活力的/energetic; vigorously active. The dynamic aerobics instructor kept her students on the run; she was a little dynamo.【根】dynam = power, "力量"

diversion

[daiˈvə:ʃən] N. /转移；解闷/act of turning aside; pastime. After studying for several hours, he needed a diversion from work. divert, V.【根】vers = turn, "转"

diverse

[daiˈvəs] ADJ. /丰富多样的/differing in some characteristics; various. The professor suggested diverse ways of approaching the assignment and recommended that we choose one of them. diversity, N.【根】vers = turn, "转"

diurnal

[daɪˈɜ:nəl] ADJ. /日常的/daily. A farmer cannot neglect his diurnal tasks at any time; cows, for example, must be milked regularly.

douse

[daʊs] V. /浸泡；弄湿；弄灭/plunge into water; drench; extinguish. They doused each other with hoses and water balloons.

deft

[deft] ADJ. /灵巧的，敏锐地/neat; skillful. The deft waiter uncorked the champagne without spilling a drop.

delve

[delv] V. /挖掘；调查/dig; investigate. Delving into old books and manuscripts is part of a researcher's job.

deign

[deɪn] V. /屈服，屈尊/condescend; stoop. The celebrated fashion designer would not deign to speak to a mere seamstress; his overburdened assistant had to convey the master's wishes to the lowly workers assembling his great designs.

debunk

[di:ˈbʌŋk] V. /揭穿，暴露 /expose as false, exaggerated, worthless, etc; ridicule. Pointing out that he consistently had voted against strengthening anti-pollution legislation, reporters debunked the candidate's claim that he was a fervent environmentalist.

defuse

[di:ˈfju:z] V. /拆弹；化解（危机）/remove the fuse of a bomb; reduce or eliminate a threat. Police negotiators are trained to defuse dangerous situations by avoiding confrontational language and behavior.

defoliate

[di:ˈfəulieit] V. /落叶/destroy leaves. In Vietnam the army made extensive use of chemical agents to defoliate the woodlands.【根】Foli = leaf 叶子

dehydrate

[di:ˈhaɪˌdreɪt] V. /脱水/ remove water from; dry out. Running under a hot sun quickly dehydrates the body; joggers soon learn to carry water bottles and to drink from them frequently.【根】hydr = water, "水"

demystify

[di:ˈmistifai] V. /澄清；揭秘/clarify; free from mystery or obscurity. Helpful doctors demystify medical procedures by describing them in everyday language, explaining that amyringotomy, for example, is an operation involving making a small hole in one's eardrum.

decelerate

[di:ˈseləˌreɪt] V. /减速/slow down. Seeing the emergency blinkers in the road ahead, he decelerated quickly.【根】celer = quick/speed, "快,速度"

disdain

[disˈdein] V. /蔑视/view with scorn or contempt. In the film Funny Face, the bookish heroine disdained fashion models for their lack of intellectual interests. also N.

discrepancy

[disˈkrepənsi] N. /相差；缺乏一致/lack of consistency; difference. The police noticed some discrepancies in his description of the crime and did not believe him.

discrete

[disˈkri:t] ADJ. /分离；没有关系的/separate; unconnected. The universe is composed of discrete bodies.【根】cret = sure/separate, "搞清,区别"

disconsolate

[disˈkɔnsəlit] ADJ. /悲伤；沮丧/sad. The death of his wife left him disconsolate.

dismay

[disˈmei] V. /使沮丧；使害怕/discourage; frighten. The huge amount of work she had left to do dismayed her. also N.

dismiss

[disˈmis] V. /拒绝；排除/put away from consideration; reject. Believing in John's love for her, she dismissed the notion that he might be unfaithful. (secondary meaning)【根】miss = send/cast,表时"送,放出,派,错过"

dismantle

[disˈmæntl] V. /拆除/take apart. When the show closed, they dismantled the scenery before storing it.

despise

[disˈpaiz] V. /鄙视，看不起/ook on with scorn; regard as worthless or distasteful. Mr. Bond, I despise spies; I look down on them as mean, despicable, honorless men, whom I would wipe from the face of the earth with as little concern as I would scrape dog droppings from the bottom of my shoe.【根】spic = look/see, "看"

dispatch

[disˈpætʃ] N. /急速；急件/speediness; prompt execution; message sent with all due speed. Young Napoleon defeated the enemy with all possible dispatch; he then sent a dispatch to headquarters informing his commander of the great victory. also V.【根】pact = fastened, "包裹;紧的;结合"

disperse

[disˈpə:s] V. /散开/scatter. The police fired tear gas into the crowd to disperse the protesters. dispersion, N.【根】spers = scatter, "散开"

distinction

[disˈtiŋkʃən] N. /出名；出格/honor; contrast; discrimination. A holder of the Medal of Honor, George served with great distinction in World War II. He made a distinction, however, between World War II and Vietnam, which he considered an immoral conflict.【根】stinct1.= prick, "刺,刺激"; 2. 引申为火焰

distort

[disˈtɔ:t] V. /扭曲，歪曲/twist out of shape. It is difficult to believe the newspaper accounts of the riots because of the way some reporters distort and exaggerate the actual events. distortion, N.【根】tort = twist, "扭曲"

disgruntle

[disˈɡrʌntl] V. /使郁闷/make discontented. The passengers were disgruntled by the numerous delays.

deducible

[diˈdju:səbl] ADJ. /可推导的，可推论的/derived by reasoning. If we accept your premise, your conclusions are easily deducible.

defiance

[diˈfaiəns] N. /抵抗；不屈服/refusal to yield; resistance. When John reached the "terrible two's," he responded to every parental request with howls of defiance. defy,V.

deface

[diˈfeis] V. /丑化/mar; disfigure. If you deface a library book, you will have to pay a hefty fine.【根】face = face, "脸,面"

definitive

[diˈfinitiv] ADJ. /完全的；最终的/final; complete. Carl Sandburg's Abraham Lincoln may be regarded as the definitive work on the life of the Great Emancipator.【根】fine = limit,boundary,end,"结束,范围,界限,限制"

default

[diˈfɔ:lt] N. /不作为，无动于衷/failure to act. When the visiting team failed to show up for the big game, they lost the game by default. When Jack failed to make the payments on his Jaguar, the dealership took back the car because he had defaulted on his debt.【根】fault1.= err/deceive, "犯错误,欺骗"; 2.= ,"错,假"

defer

[diˈfə:] V. /听从/give in respectfully; submit. When it comes to making decisions about purchasing software, we must defer to Michael, our computer guru; he gets the final word. Michael, however, can defer these questions to no one; only he can decide.

defer

[diˈfə:] V. /推迟，延期/delay till later; exempt temporarily. In wartime, some young men immediately volunteer to serve; others defer making plans until they hear from their draft boards. During the Vietnam War, many young men, hoping to be deferred, requested student deferments.【根】fer = bring/carry, "带来,拿来"

decollete

[diˈkɔltei] ADJ. /低肩露颈的服装/having a low-necked dress. Current fashion decrees that evening gowns be decollete this season; bare shoulders are again the vogue.

delete

[diˈli:t] V. /删除/erase; strike out. Less is more: if you delete this paragraph, your whole essay will have greater appeal.

deliberate

[diˈlibərit] V. /深思熟虑的；商讨/consider; ponder. Offered the new job, she asked for time to deliberate before she told them her decision,

delusion

[diˈlu:ʒən] N. /错觉/false belief; hallucination. Don suffers from delusions of grandeur: he thinks he's a world-famous author when he's published just one paperback book.

demented

[diˈmentid] ADJ. /疯狂的/insane. Doctor Demento was a lunatic radio personality who liked to act as if he were truly demented. If you're demented, your mental state is out of whack; in other words, you're wacky.【根】ment = mind, "思考,神智"

demoniac

[diˈməuniæk] ADJ. /魔鬼的/fiendish. The Spanish Inquisition devised many demoniac means of torture. demon, N.

denounce

[diˈnauns] V. /咒骂；批评/condemn; criticize. The reform candidate denounced the corrupt city officers for having betrayed the public's trust. denunciation, N.【根】nounce = speak, "讲话,说出"

depict

[diˈpikt] V. /描述/portray. In this sensational exposé, the author depicts Beatle John Lennon as a drug-crazed neurotic. Do you question the accuracy of this depiction of Lennon?【根】pict = paint, "描画"

deplete

[diˈpli:t] V. /耗尽；减少/reduce; exhaust. We must wait until we deplete our present inventory before we order replacements.

deplore

[diˈplɔ:] V. /悔恨/regret; disapprove of. Although I deplore the vulgarity of your language, I defend your right to express yourself freely.【根】plore = cry/weep, "喊,哭"

deploy

[diˈplɔi] V. /散开；部署/spread out [troops] in an extended though shallow battle line. The general ordered the battalion to deploy in order to meet the enemy offensive.【根】ploy = use,involve, "用,参与"

deranged

[diˈreindʒd] ADJ. /不理智/insane. He had to be institutionalized because he was mentally deranged.【根】range = rank, "排列,顺序"

derivative

[diˈrivətiv] ADJ. /派生的/unoriginal; derived from another source. Although her early poetry was clearly derivative in nature, the critics thought she had promise and eventually would find her own voice.

dissection

[diˈsekʃən] N. /分析；解剖/analysis; cutting apart in order to examine. The dissection of frogs in the laboratory is particularly unpleasant to some students.【根】sect = cut/divide, "切,割"

disseminate

[diˈsemineit] V. /分发，扩散，散布/distribute; spread; scatter (like seeds). By their use of the Internet, propagandists have been able to disseminate their pet doctrines to new audiences around the globe.【根】semin = seed, "种子"

dissent

[diˈsent] V. /反对/disagree. In the recent Supreme Court decision, Justice O'Connor dissented from the majority opinion. also N.【根】sent = feel, "感觉"

distill

[diˈstil] V. /蒸馏；萃取，提炼，提纯/extract the essence; purify; refine. A moonshiner distills mash into whiskey; an epigrammatist distills thoughts into quips.【根】still = small drop, "小水滴"

detraction

[diˈtrækʃən] N. /诽谤/slandering; aspersion. He is offended by your frequent detractions of his ability as a leader.

detergent

[diˈtə:dʒənt] N. /洗洁精；洗涤剂/cleansing agent. Many new detergents have replaced soap.

divine

[diˈvain] V. /运用直觉，超能力；预见/perceive intuitively; foresee the future. Nothing infuriated Tom more than Aunt Polly's ability to divine when he was telling the truth.

devise

[diˈvaiz] V. /设计；发明/think up; invent; plan. How clever he must be to have devised such a devious plan! What ingenious inventions might he have devised if he had turned his mind to science and not to crime.【根】vis1.= separate, "分开"; 2.= see, "看,查"

disheveled

[diˈʃevəld] ADJ. /邋遢，肮脏/untidy. Your disheveled appearance will hurt your chances in this interview.

determination

[diˌtə:miˈneiʃən] N. /决定；测量，计算；解决/resolve; measurement or calculation; decision. Nothing could shake his determination that his children would get the best education that money could buy. Thanks to my pocket calculator, my determination of the answer to the problem took only seconds of my time.

duration

[djuəˈreiʃən] N. /持续时间/length of time something lasts. Because she wanted the children to make a good impression on the dinner guests, Mother promised them a treat if they'd behave for the duration of the meal.【根】dur = last/hard, "持久,延续,坚硬"

dregs

[dregz] N. /沉淀物；残渣/sediment; worthless residue. David poured the wine carefully to avoid stirring up the dregs.

draconian

[dreɪˈkəʊni:ən, drə-] ADJ. /极其严重/extremely severe. When the principal canceled the senior prom because some seniors had been late to school that week, we thought the draconian punishment was far too harsh for such a minor violation of the rules.

drab

[dræb] ADJ. /迟钝的；单调的/dull; lacking color; cheerless. The Dutch woman's drab winter coat contrasted with the distinctive, colorful native costume she wore beneath it.

dross

[drɔs, drɔ:s] N. /渣滓，废物/waste matter; worthless impurities. Many methods have been devised to separate the valuable metal from the dross.

droll

[drəʊl] ADJ. /滑稽可笑；离奇古怪，怪里怪气/queer and amusing. He was a popular guest because his droll anecdotes were always entertaining.

drone

[drəʊn]V. /嗡嗡声；语气呆板的声音/talk dully; buzz or murmur like a bee. On a gorgeous day, who wants to be stuck in a classroom listening to the teacher drone?

dupe

[du:p, dju:p] N. /易被开涮的人/someone easily fooled. While the gullible Watson often was made a dupe by unscrupulous parties, Sherlock Holmes was far more difficult to fool. also V.

duplicity

[du:ˈplɪsɪti:, dju:-] N. /奸诈，狡猾；伪善；两面三刀，两面派 /double-dealing; hypocrisy. When Tanya learned that Mark had been two- timing her, she was furious at his duplicity.

dwarf

[dwɔ:f] V. /使看上去矮小/cause to seem small. The giant redwoods and high cliffs dwarfed the elegant Ahwahnee Hotel, making it appear a modest lodge rather than an imposing hostelry.

dank

[dæŋk] ADJ. /潮湿的/damp. The walls of the dungeon were dank and slimy.

daub

[dɔ:b] V. /涂抹/smear (as with paint). From the way he daubed his paint on the canvas, I could tell knew nothing of oils. also N.

doff

[dɔ:f, dɔf] V. /脱/take off. A gentleman used to doff his hat to a lady.

daunt

[dɔ:nt] V. / 沮丧 /intimidate; frighten. "Boast all you like of your prowess. Mere words cannot daunt me," the hero answered the villain.

don

[dɔn] V. /穿上/put on. When Clark Kent has to don his Superman outfit, he changes clothes in a convenient phone booth.

dolt

[dəʊlt] N. /愚蠢的人，蠢货/stupid person. I thought I was talking to a mature audience; instead, I find myself addressing a pack of dolts and idiots.

dote

[dəʊt] V. /昏聩；溺爱/be excessively fond of; show signs of mental decline. Not only grandmothers bore you with stories about their brilliant grandchildren; grandfathers dote on the little rascals, too. Poor old Alf clearly doted: the senile old dotard was past it; in fact, he was in his dotage.

debris

[dəˈbri:, deɪ-, ˈdeɪˌbri:] N. /碎片，残骸/rubble. A full year after the earthquake in Mexico City, they were still carting away the debris.

dearth

[dɜ:θ] N. /缺乏/scarcity. The dearth of skilled labor compelled the employers to open trade schools.

disjointed

[dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd] ADJ. /断开/disconnected. His remarks were so disjointed that we could not follow his reasoning.【根】join = join, "结合,连接"

disfigure

[dɪsˈfɪgjə] V. /诬陷，抹黑，诽谤/mar in beauty; spoil. An ugly frown disfigured his normally pleasant face.

disgorge

[dɪsˈgɔ:dʒ] V. /吐出，涌出，呕吐 /surrender something; eject; vomit. Unwilling to disgorge the cash he had stolen from the pension fund, the embezzler tried to run away.

dishearten

[dɪsˈhɑ:tn] V. /挫败/discourage; cause to lose courage or hope. His failure to pass the bar exam disheartened him.

discredit

[dɪsˈkredɪt] V. /不信任；丢脸/defame; destroy confidence in; disbelieve. The campaign was highly negative in tone; each candidate tried to discredit the other.【根】cred = believe/trust, "相信,信任"

disquiet

[dɪsˈkwaɪɪt] V. /使焦虑，使难受/make uneasy or anxious. Holmes's absence for a day, slightly disquieted Watson; after a week with no word, however, Watson's uneasiness about his missing friend had grown into a deep fear for his safety. disquietude, N.【根】quiet = still, "静"

discomfit

[dɪsˈkʌmfɪt] V. /扰乱/put to rout; defeat; disconcert. This ruse will discomfit the enemy. discomfiture, N. discomfited, ADJ.

dislodge

[dɪsˈlɔdʒ] V. /强制移除/remove (forcibly). Thrusting her fist up under the choking man's lower ribs, Margaret used the Heimlich maneuver to dislodge the food caught in his throat.

dismember

[dɪsˈmembə] V. /分解，肢解/cut into small parts. When the Austrian Empire was dismembered, several new countries were established.

dispassionate

[dɪsˈpæʃənɪt] ADJ. /平静的；公平的/calm; impartial. Known in the company for his cool judgment, Bill could impartially examine the causes of a problem, giving a dispassionate analysis of what had gone wrong, and go on to suggest how to correct the mess.

disinterested

[dɪsˈɪntrɪstɪd, -ˈɪntəˌrestɪd] ADJ. /公允的/unprejudiced. Given the judge's political ambitions and the lawyers' financial interest in the case, the only disinterested person in the courtroom may have been the court reporter.

disinclination

[dɪsˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən] N. /不情愿，厌恶/unwillingness. Some mornings I feel a great disinclination to get out of bed .

debase

[dɪˈbeɪs] V. /贬低，降低/reduce in quality or value; lower in esteem; degrade. In The King and I, Anna refuses to kneel down and prostrate herself before the king, for she feels that to do so would debase her position, and she will not submit to such debasement.【根】base = low/foundation, "低下,基础"

debacle

[dɪˈbɑ:kəl,-ˈbækəl] N. /崩溃，溃裂 /sudden downfall; complete disaster. In the Air-plan movies, every flight turns into a debacle, with passengers and crew members collapsing, engines falling apart, and carry-on baggage popping out of the overhead bins.

debauch

[dɪˈbɔ:tʃ] V. /使堕落，放荡 /corrupt; seduce from virtue. Did Socrates' teachings lead the young men of Athens to be virtuous citizens, or did they debauch the young men, causing them to question the customs of their fathers? Clearly, Socrates' philosophical talks were nothing like the wild debauchery of the toga parties in Animal House.

debilitate

[dɪˈbɪlɪˌteɪt] V. /使衰弱，使虚弱/weaken; enfeeble. Michael's severe bout of the flu debilitated him so much that he was too tired to go to work for a week.

defile

[dɪˈfaɪl] V. /污染；亵渎/pollute; profane. The hoodlums defiled the church with their scurrilous writing.

defection

[dɪˈfekʃɵn] N. /缺点；逃跑，叛逃/desertion. The children, who had made him an idol, were hurt most by his defection from our cause.【根】fect = do,make,"做,制作"

defame

[dɪˈfeɪm] V. /丑化；诽谤/harm someone's reputation; malign; slander. If you try to defame my good name, my lawyers will see you in court. If rival candidates persist in defaming one another, the voters may conclude that all politicians are crooks. defamation, N.

defeatist

[dɪˈfi:tɪst] ADJ. /失败主义者/attitude of one who is ready to accept defeat as a natural outcome. If you maintain your defeatist attitude, you will never succeed. also N.

defray

[dɪˈfreɪ] V. /偿付/pay the costs of. Her employer offered to defray the costs of her postgraduate education.

defunct

[dɪˈfʌŋkt] ADJ. /死的；不存在的，报废的/dead; no longer in use or existence. The lawyers sought to examine the books of the defunct corporation.

declivity

[dɪˈklɪvɪti:] N. /下坡/downward slope. The children loved to ski down the declivity.【根】cliv1.= lean/slope, "倾斜,斜坡"; 2."床"

decrepit

[dɪˈkrepɪt] ADJ. /老化，磨损/worn out by age. The decrepit car blocked traffic on the highway.

decrepitude

[dɪˈkrepɪˌtu:d, -ˌtju:d] N. /衰老；老耄/state of collapse caused by illness or old age. I was unprepared for the state of decrepitude in which I had found my old friend; he seemed to have aged twenty years in six months. decry V. /强烈反对/express strong disapproval of; disparage. The founder of the Children's Defense Fund, Marian Wright Edelman, strongly decries the lack of financial and moral support for children in America today.

decapitate

[dɪˈkæpɪˌteɪt] V. /斩首/behead. They did not hang Lady Jane Grey; they decapitated her. "Off with her head!" cried the Duchess, eager to decapitate poor Alice.【根】capit = head, "头"

decorum

[dɪˈkɔ:rəm, -ˈkəʊr-] N. /礼貌；温文尔雅/propriety; orderliness and good taste in manners. Even the best-mannered students have trouble behaving with decorum on the last day of school. decorous, ADJ.

delectable

[dɪˈlektəbəl] ADJ. /使人愉快的/delightful; delicious. We thanked our host for a most delectable meal.

delude

[dɪˈlu:d] V. /盅惑/deceive. His mistress may have deluded herself into believing that he would leave his wife and marry her.

delineate

[dɪˈlɪni:ˌeɪt] V. /描绘；描述/portray; depict; sketch. Using only a few descriptive phrases, Austen delineates the character of Mr. Collins so well that we can predict his every move. delineation, N.

delirium

[dɪˈlɪəri:əm] N. /精神错乱/mental disorder marked by confusion. In his delirium, the drunkard saw pink panthers and talking pigs. Perhaps he wasn't delirious: he might just have wandered into a movie.

demise

[dɪˈmaɪz] N. /死/death. Upon the demise of the dictator, a bitter dispute about succession to power developed. demolition N. /拆除/destruction. One of the major aims of the air force was the complete demolition of all means of transportation by bombing of rail lines and terminals. demolish, V.【根】mise = send/cast,表时"送,放出,派,错过"

demean

[dɪˈmi:n] V. /降级；贬低/degrade; humiliate. Standing on his dignity, he refused to demean himself by replying to the offensive letter. If you truly believed in the dignity of labor, you would not think it would demean you to work as a janitor.

demeanor

[dɪˈmi:nə] N. /风度；行为/behavior; bearing. His sober demeanor quieted the noisy revelers.

demure

[dɪˈmjʊə] ADJ. /端庄的；认真的；腼腆的/grave; serious; coy. She was demure and reserved, a nice modest girl whom any young man would be proud to take home to his mother.

demur

[dɪˈmɜ:] V. /反对；犹豫/object (because of doubts, scruples); hesitate. When offered a post on the board of directors, David demurred: he had scruples about taking on the job because he was unsure he could handle it in addition to his other responsibilities.

depreciate

[dɪˈpri:ʃi:ˌeɪt] V. /折旧/lessen in value. If you neglect this property, it will depreciate.【根】preci = value, "价值,估价"

depravity

[dɪˈprævɪti:] N. /堕落，腐坏/extreme corruption; wickedness. The depravity of Caligula's behavior came to sicken even those who had willingly participated in his earlier, comparatively innocent orgies.

depose

[dɪˈpəʊz] V. /革职/dethrone; remove from office. The army attempted to depose the king and set up a military government.【根】pose1.= put, "放"; 2. 引申为"职位"

deride

[dɪˈraɪd] V. /打趣；取消/ridicule; make fun of. The critics derided his pretentious dialogue and refused to consider his play seriously. derision, N.【根】rid = laugh, "笑"

floe

[fləu] N. /浮殡冰块；大浮冰/mass of floating ice. The ship made slow progress as it battered its way through the ice floes.

dissemble

[dɪˈsembəl] V. /伪装，做作，掩饰/disguise; pretend. Even though John tried to dissemble his motive for taking modern dance, we all knew he was there not to dance but to meet girls.【根】sembl = alike/same, "相类似,一样"

descry

[dɪˈskraɪ] V. /看到/catch sight of. In the distance, we could barely descry the enemy vessels.

discretion

[dɪˈskreʃən] N. /判断力；审慎的/prudence; ability to adjust actions to circumstances. Use your discretion in this matter and do not discuss it with anyone. discreet, ADJ.【根】cret = sure/separate, "搞清,区别"

discriminating

[dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪtɪŋ] ADJ. /有识别能力的；有偏见的/able to see differences; prejudiced. A superb interpreter of Picasso, she was sufficiently discriminating to judge the most complex works of modern art. (secondary meaning) discrimination, N.

discordant

[dɪˈskɔ:dnt] ADJ. /不和谐的；冲突的/not harmonious; conflicting. Nothing is quite so discordant as the sound of a junior high school orchestra tuning up.【根】cord = heart, "心脏,一致"

discursive

[dɪˈskɜ:sɪv] ADJ. /散漫的；不得要领的/digressing; rambling. As the lecturer wandered from topic to topic, we wondered what if any point there was to his discursive remarks.

dispel

[dɪˈspel] V. /散开；分裂；消失/scatter; drive away; cause to vanish. The bright sunlight eventually dispelled the morning mist.【根】pel = drive/push, "驱动,推"

disparage

[dɪˈspærɪdʒ] V. /忽略，轻视/belittle. A doting mother, Emma was more likely to praise her son's crude attempts at art than to disparage them.【根】par1.= bring birth, "生产,生出小孩"; 2.= come in sight, "看见;出现"; 3.= get ready, "准备;安置"; 4.= equal, "平等"

disparity

[dɪˈspærɪti:] N. /不同；差距/difference; condition of inequality. Their disparity in rank made no difference at all to the prince and Cinderella.【根】par1.= bring birth, "生产,生出小孩"; 2.= come in sight, "看见;出现"; 3.= get ready, "准备;安置"; 4.= equal, "平等"

despondent

[dɪˈspɔndənt] ADJ. /忧郁的；沮丧的/depressed; gloomy. To the dismay of his parents, William became seriously despondent after he broke up with Jan; they despaired of finding a cure for his gloom. despondency, N.【根】spond = promise, "承诺,允诺"

despoil

[dɪˈspɔɪl] V. /掠夺/plunder. If you do not yield, I am afraid the enemy will despoil the countryside.

dispirited

[dɪˈspɪrɪtɪd] ADJ. /没情绪的，沮丧的/lacking in spirit. The coach used all the tricks at his command to buoy up the enthusiasm of his team, which had become dispirited at the loss of the star player.

distend

[dɪˈstend] V. /扩大；扩张/expand; swell out. I can tell when he is under stress by the way the veins distend on his forehead.【根】tend = stretch, "伸展,趋向"

distraught

[dɪˈstrɔ:t] ADJ. /使悲伤；使焦虑/upset; distracted by anxiety. The distraught parents frantically searched the ravine for their lost child.

dissuade

[dɪˈsweɪd] V. /劝阻；使灰心/persuade not to do; discourage. Since Tom could not dissuade Huck from running away from home, he decided to run away with him. dissuasion, N.

deciduous

[dɪˈsɪdʒu:əs] ADJ. /落叶的/falling off as of leaves. The oak is a deciduous tree; in winter it looks quite bare.【根】cid1.= fall, "落下,降临"; 2. 引申为偶然发生

dissimulate

[dɪˈsɪmjəˌleɪt] V. /伪装，做作，掩饰/pretend; conceal by feigning. She tried to dissimulate her grief by her exuberant attitude.

detached

[dɪˈtætʃt] ADJ. /分离的/emotionally removed; calm and objective; physically unconnected. A psychoanalyst must maintain a detached point of view and stay uninvolved with his or her patients' personal lives. To a child growing up in an apartment or a row house, to live in a detached house was an unattainable dream.

deterrent

[dɪˈtɜ:rənt, -ˈtʌr-] N. /挫败；使气馁/something that discourages; hindrance. Does the threat of capital punishment serve as a deterrent to potential killers? deter,V.【根】terr1.= earth, "土地"; 2.= frighten,可怕,恐惧; 3.= frighten, "恐,怕" deterrent威慑的,制止的 (deter [v.威慑,吓住]+ent......的→deterrent威慑的)

devout

[dɪˈvaʊt] ADJ. /虔诚的；诚恳的/pious. The devout man prayed daily.

divest

[dɪˈvest, daɪ-] V. /剥夺/strip; deprive. He was divested of his power to act and could no longer govern. divestiture, N.【根】vest = clothes, "衣服"

devoid

[dɪˈvɔɪd] ADJ. /缺乏的/lacking. You may think her mind is a total void, but she's actually not devoid of intelligence. She just sounds like an airhead.【根】void = empty, "空"

diverge

[dɪˈvɜ:dʒ, daɪ-] Richard never deviated from his daily routine: every day he set off for work at eight o'clock, had his sack lunch (peanut butter on whole wheat) at 12:15, and headed home at the stroke of five.

diverge

[dɪˈvɜ:dʒ, daɪ-] V. /多样的；各异的/vary; go in different directions from the same point. The spokes of the wheel diverge from the hub.

divergent

[dɪˈvɜ:dʒənt, daɪ-] ADJ. /分歧的/differing; deviating. Since graduating from medical school, the two doctors have taken divergent paths, one going on to become a nationally prominent surgeon, the other dedicating himself to a small family practice in his home town. divergence, N.

diversity

[dɪˈvɜ:sɪti:, daɪ-] N. /多样性/variety; dissimilitude. The diversity of colleges in this country indicates that many levels of ability are being cared for.【根】vers = turn, "转"

divulge

[dɪˈvʌldʒ] V. /揭开，暴露/reveal. No lover of gossip, Charlotte would never divulge anything that a friend told her inconfidence.【根】vulg = people, "人群"

duress

[dʊˈres, djʊ-] N. /（非法的）限制，关押/forcible restraint, especially unlawfully. The hostages were held under duress until the prisoners' demands were met.【根】dur = last/hard, "持久,延续,坚硬"

dumbfound

[dʌmˈfaund] V. /使人惊讶/astonish. Egbert's perfect 1600 on his SAT I exam dumbfounded his classmates, who had always found him to be perfectly dumb.

gibe

[dʒaɪb] V. /嘲笑/mock. As you gibe at their superstitious beliefs, doyou realize that you, too, are guilty of similarly foolishthoughts?

genteel

[dʒenˈti:l] ADJ. /上流的/well-bred; elegant. We are looking for a man with a genteel appearance who can inspireconfidence by his cultivated manner.

gentility

[dʒenˈtiliti] N. /有教养，文雅/those of gentle birth; refinement. Her family was proud of its gentility and elegance.

gesticulation

[dʒeˌstɪkjʊ'leɪʃn] N. /动作；手势/motion; gesture. Operaticperformers are trained to make exaggerated gesticulationsbecause of the large auditoriums in which they appear.【根】gest,gister=carry,bring,表示"带来，产生"

judicious

[dʒu:ˈdɪʃəs] ADJ. /公平的/sound in judgment; wise. At a key moment in his life, he made a judicious investment that was the foundation of his later wealth.【根】judic= judge, "判断,审理,法官"

jaunt

[dʒɔ:nt, dʒɑ:nt] N. /短途旅行/trip; short journey. He took a quick jaunt to Atlantic City.

jocose

[dʒəʊˈkəʊs] ADJ. /诙谐的/given to joking. The salesman was so jocosethat many of his customers suggested that hebecome a .,stand-up" comic.【根】joc= joke, "笑话"

germane

[dʒəˈmeɪn] ADJ. /密切相关/pertinent; bearing upon the case at hand. The judge refused to allow the testimony to be heard by the jurybecause it was not germane to the case.【根】germ=seed，表示"种子"

generic

[dʒəˈnerɪk] ADJ. /普通的/characteristic of an entire class or species. Sue knew so many computer programmers whospent their spare time playing fantasy games that she began tothink that playing Dungeons & Dragons was ageneric trait.

gist

[dʒɪst] N. /精华/essence. She was asked to give the gist of the essayin two sentences.

jingoist

[dʒɪŋɡə'ʊɪst] N. /狂热好战分子；侵略主义者/extremely aggressive andmilitant patriot; warlike chauvinist. Always bellowing "America first!," the congressman was such a jingoist you could almos thear the sabers rattling as he marched down the halls. jingoism,N.

ebb

[eb] V. /衰退/recede; lessen. Sitting on the beach, Mrs. Dalloway watched the tide ebb: the waters receded, drawing away from her as she sat there all alone. also N.

ape

[eip] V. /模仿/imitate or mimic. He was suspended for a week because he had aped the principal in front of the whole school.

atypical

[eiˈtipikəl] ADJ. /非正常的，不正常/not normal. The child psychiatrist reassured Mrs. Keaton that playing doctor was not a typical behavior for a child of young Alex's age. "Yes," she replied, "but not charging for house calls!"【根】typ = type, "模式,形状"【记】(a+typ+ical)

expletive

[eksˈpli:tiv] N. /感叹词；咒骂/interjection; profane oath. The sergeant's remarks were filled with expletives that offended the new recruits.

extrude

[eksˈtru:d] V. /挤压，逼/force or push out. Much pressure is required to extrude these plastics.【根】trud = push, "推"

expatriate

[ekˈspeɪtri:ˌeɪt] N. /放逐；被放逐者/exile; someone who has withdrawn from his native land. Henry James was an American expatriate who settled in England.【根】patrī.= father, "父亲"; 2. 祖国 pater-

expropriate

[ekˈsprəʊpri:ˌeɪt] V. /没收，剥夺，征用/take possession of. Hequestioned the government's right to expropriate his land to create a wildlife preserve.【根】propri1.= one's/own, "拥有"; 2. 引申为恰当的

embellish

[emˈbelɪʃ] V. /装饰/adorn; ornament. The costume designer embellished the leading lady's ball gown with yards and yards of ribbon and lace.

embroider

[emˈbrɔɪdə] V. /镶边，绣花；添油加醋/decorate with needlework; ornament with fancy or fictitious details. For her mother's birthday, Beth embroidered a lovely design on ahandkerchief. When asked what made her late getting home, Joembroidered her account with tales of runaway horses andrescuing people from a ditch. embroidery, N.

embroil

[emˈbrɔɪl] V. /连累，牵连；使其混乱，麻烦缠身/throw into confusion; involve in strife; entangle. He became embroiled in the heated discussion when he tried to arbitrate the dispute.

embargo

[emˈbɑ:ɡəu] N. /禁运/ban on commerce or other activity. As a result of the embargo, trade with the colonies was at a standstill.【根】bar1.= weight, "重,压"; 2. 删栏; 3.= stick, "棒,栏"

empirical

[emˈpirikəl] ADJ. /经验主义/based on experience. He distrustedhunches and intuitive flashes; he placed his reliance entirely onempirical data.【根】peri = try, "尝试"

endemic

[enˈdemɪk] ADJ. /地方的；小范围内流行/prevailing among a specificgroup of people or in a specific area or country. This disease is endemic in this part of the world; more than 80 percent of thepopulation are at one time or another affected by it.【根】dem = people,"人民,人们" demo- popul-

endorse

[enˈdɔ:s] V. /认可，默许；支持/approve; support. Everyone waitedto see which one of the rival candidates for the citycouncil the mayor would endorse. (secondary meaning) endorsement, N.

endearment

[enˈdɪəmənt] N. /爱慕；爱的 /fond statement. Your gifts and endearments cannot make me forget your earlierinsolence.

engender

[enˈdʒendə] V. /产生，导致/cause; produce. To receive praise for real accomplishments engenders self-confidence in a child.

enfranchise

[enˈfrænˌtʃaɪz] V. /赋予公民权（投票权）/to admit to the rights ofcitizenship (especially the right to vote). Although Blacks were enfranchised shortly after the Civil War, women did not receive the right to vote until 1920.

engaging

[enˈgeɪdʒɪŋ] ADJ. /有魅力的，有吸引力的/charming; attractive. Everyone liked Nancy's pleasant manners and engagingpersonality.

engross

[enˈgrəʊs] V. /独占/occupy fully. John was so engrossed in his studies that he did not hear his mother call.

encomium

[enˈkəʊmi:əm] N. /赞美之词/high praise; eulogy. Uneasy with the encomiums expressed by his supporters, Tolkien felt unworthy of such high praise.【根】com = banquet, "宴会"

encumber

[enˈkʌmbə] V. /拖累，负担/burden. Some people encumber themselves with too much luggage when they take short trips.【根】cumb1.= lie down, "躺"; 2.= barrier, 躺的"东西,障碍"

encompass

[enˈkʌmpəs] V. /包围/surround. Although we were encompassedby enemy forces, we were cheerful for we werewell stocked and could withstand a siege until our allies joined us.【根】pass1.= pass through, "步,通过"; 2.= feeling, "感情"; 3.= ,"忍耐,遭受"

enrapture

[enˈræptʃə] V. /使其狂喜/please intensely. The audience was enraptured by the freshness of the voices and the excellent orchestration.-【根】rapt = snatch, "捕,夺"

encipher

[enˈsaɪfə] V. /编码/encode; convert a message into code. One ofBond's first lessons was how to encipher the messages he sentto Miss Moneypenny so that none of his other lady friends coulddecipher them.

ensconce

[enˈskɔns] V. /安排妥当/settle comfortably. Now that their children were ensconced safely in the private school, the jet-settingparents decided to leave for Europe.

entice

[enˈtaɪs] V. /吸引；引诱/lure; attract; tempt. She always tried to entice her baby brother into mischief.

entreat

[enˈtri:t] V. /恳求/plead; ask earnestly. She entreated her father to let her stay out till midnight.

enthrall

[enˈθrɔ:l] V. /俘获/capture; enslave. From the moment he saw herpicture, he was enthra led by her beauty.

eschew

[esˈtʃu:] V. /避免/avoid. Hoping to present himself to his girlfriendas a totally reformed character, he tried to eschew all the vices, especially chewing tobacco and drinking bathtubgin.

amoral

[eɪˈmɔ:rəl, eɪˈmɔr-] ADJ. /不道德的/non moral. The amoral individual lacks a code of ethics; he cannot tell right from wrong. The immoral person can tell right from wrong; he chooses to do something he knows is wrong.【记】(a不+moral道德→不道德的)

faze

[feiz] V. /折磨，打击/disconcert; dismay. No crisis could faze the resourceful hotel manager.

fell

[fel] ADJ. /凶猛的，致命的/cruel; deadly. The newspapers told of the tragic spread of the fell disease.

fell

[fel] V. /放倒，打倒/cut or knock down; bring down (with a missile). Crying "Timber!" Paul Bunyan felled the mighty redwood tree. Robin Hood loosed his arrow and felled the king's deer.

feign

[feɪn] V. /假装；捏造/pretend. Lady Macbeth feigned illness although she was actually healthy.

feint

[feɪnt] N. /假的，淡的，不鲜明的；佯攻/trick; shift; sham blow. The boxer was fooled by his opponent's feint and dropped his guard. also V.

fiasco

[fi:ˈæskəʊ, -ˈɑ:skəʊ] N. /彻底失败/total failure. Our ambitious venture ended in a fiasco and we were forced to flee.

fidelity

[fiˈdeliti] N. /忠诚/loyalty. A dog's fidelity to its owner is one of the reasons why that animal is a favorite household pet.【根】fid = trust/faith, "信任,相信,信念"

flout

[flaʊt] V. /轻视；嘲笑；愚弄/reject; mock. The headstrong youth flouted all authority; he refused to be curbed.

fleck

[flek] V. /使起斑点/spot. Her cheeks, fleckedwith tears, were testimony to the hours of weeping.

flair

[fleə] N. /才能/talent. She has an uncanny flair for discovering new artists before the public has become aware of theirexistence.

fleece

[fli:s] N. /羊毛外套/wool coat of a sheep. They shear sheep of their fleece, which they then comb into separate strands of wool.

fleece

[fli:s] V. /抢劫；诈骗/rob; plunder. The tricksters fleeced him of his inheritance.

flick

[flik] N. /轻弹；轻打/light stroke as with a whip. The horse needed no encouragement; one flickof the whip was all the jockey had to apply to get the animal to run at top speed.

flit

[flit] V. /掠过/fly; dart lightly; pass swiftly by. Like a bee flitting from flower to flower, Rose flitted from one boyfriend to the next.

fluke

[flu:k] N. /意外；小概率事件/unlikely occurrence; stroke of fortune. When Dou- glas defeated Tyson for the heavyweight championship, some sportscasters dismissed his victory as a fluke.

flamboyant

[flæmˈbɔɪənt] ADJ. /华丽的/ornate. Modern architecture has discarded the flamboyanttrimming on buildings and emphasizessimplicity of line.【根】Flam=flame火焰,burn烧,

flag

[flæɡ] V. /萎缩；衰退/droop; grow feeble. When the opposing hockeyteam scored its third goal only minutes into the first quarter, the home team's spirits flagged. flagging, ADJ.

flaunt

[flɔ:nt] V. /招摇；炫耀/display ostentatiously. Mae West saw nothingwrong with showing off her considerable physical charms, saying, "Honey, if you've got it, flaunt it!"

fortuitous

[fɔ:ˈtu:ɪtəs, -ˈtju:-] ADJ. /偶然的/accidental; by chance. Though he pretended their encounter was fortuitous, he'd actually beenhanging around her usual haunts for the past two weeks, hopingshe'd turn up.

foreshadow

[fɔ:ˈʃædəu] V. /预言；预测/give an indication beforehand; portend; prefigure. In retrospect, political analysts realized thatYeltsin's defiance of the attempted coup foreshadowedhis emergence as the dominant figure of the newRussian republic.

foil

[fɔil] N. /烘托；衬托/contrast. In Star Wars, dark, evil Darth Vader is a perfect foil for fair-haired, naive Luke Skywalker.

foil

[fɔil] V. /打击；打败，挫败/defeat; frustrate. In the end, Skywalker is able to foil Vader's diabolical schemes.

fop

[fɔp] N. /花花公子；过分注意衣着的男人/dandy; man excessively concerned with his clothes. People who dismissed young Mizrahi as a fop felt chagrined when he turned into one of the top fashion designers of his day. foppish, ADJ.

foment

[fəʊˈment] V. /鼓动，煽动/stir up; instigate. Cheryl's archenemy Heather spread some nasty rumors that fomented trouble in the club. Do you think Cheryl's foe meant to foment such discord?

fallacious

[fəˈleɪʃəs] ADJ. /假的；误导的/false; misleading. Paradoxically, fallacious reasoning does not always yield erroneous results: even though your logic may be faulty, the answer you get may nevertheless be correct. fallacy, N.【根】fall1.= err/deceive, "犯错误,欺骗"; 2.= ,"错,假"

forlorn

[fəˈlɔ:n, fɔ:r-] ADJ. /孤苦的，凄凉的/sad and lonely; wretched. Deserted byher big sisters and her friends, the forlorn child sat sadly on the steps awaiting their return.

ferment

[fəˈment] N. /激怒；挑起骚动、暴乱/agitation; commotion. With thebreakup of the Soviet Union, much of Eastern Europewas in a state of ferment.

finesse

[fəˈnes] N. /精密的技巧/delicate skill. The finesse and adroitness with which the surgeon wielded her scalpel impressed all theobservers in the operating room.

finale

[fəˈnæli:, -ˈnɑ:li:] N. /结论，结尾，结局/conclusion. It is not until we reach the finale of this play that we can understand the author's message.【根】fin = limit,boundary,end,"结束,范围,界限,限制"

fanaticism

[fəˈnætɪˌsɪzəm] N. /狂热的，盲目的/excessive zeal; extreme devotion to a belief or cause. When Islamic fundamentalists demanded the death of Salman Rushdie because his novel questioned their faith, world opinion condemned them for their fanaticism.【根】fan = temple, "庙"

forensic

[fəˈrensɪk,-zɪk] ADJ. /法院的；适于法庭的/suitable to debate or courts of law. In her best forensic manner, the lawyer addressed the jury. forensics, N.

forsake

[fəˈseik] V. /放弃/desert; abandon; renounce. No one expected Foster to forsake his wife and children and run off with another woman.

facetious

[fəˈsi:ʃəs] ADJ. /不合时宜的玩笑；幽默/joking (often inappropriately); humorous. I'm serious about this project; I don'tneed any facetious, smartalecky cracks about do-gooder little richgirls.【根】face = face, "脸,面"

facilitate

[fəˈsiliteit] V. /促进；帮助；使变容易/help bring about; make lessdifficult. Rest and proper nourishment should facilitate the patient's recovery.【根】fac1.= face, "脸,面"; 2.= do,make,"做,制作"

facade

[fəˈsɑ:d] N. /正面的；表面的，肤浅的/front (of building); superficial orfalse appearance. The ornate facade of the church was often photographed by tourists, who never bothered to walkaround the building to view its other sides. Susan seemed super-confident, but that was just a facade she put on to hide herinsecurity.【根】fac1.= face, "脸,面"; 2.= do,make,"做,制作"

fictitious

[fɪkˈtɪʃəs] ADJ. /想象的/imaginary. Although this book purports to bea biography of George Washington, many of the incidents are fictitious.【根】fict,fig = feign 假装

filch

[fɪltʃ] V. /偷/steal. The boys filched apples from the fruit stand.

fecundity

[fɪˈkʌndətɪ] N. /丰饶/fertility; fruitfulness. The fecundity of his mind is illustrated by the many vivid images in his poems.【根】und = wave, "波动";fecund = fruit, "果实"

felicity

[fɪˈlɪsɪti:] N. /欢乐；适当/happiness; appropriateness (of a remark, choice, etc.). She wrote a note to the newlyweds wishing them great felicity in their wedded life.【根】felic = happy, "幸福"

felicitous

[fɪˈlɪsɪtəs] ADJ. /措辞巧妙的；精巧的/apt; suitably expressed; wellchosen. He was famous for his felicitous remarks and was called upon to serve as master-of-ceremonies at many abanquet. felicity, N.【根】felic = happy, "幸福"

guile

[gaɪl] N. /奸诈狡猾；诡计/deceit; duplicity; wiliness; cunning. lagouses considerable guile to trick Othello into believingthat Desdemona has been unfaithful.

guise

[gaɪz] N. /外观；装束/appearance; costume. In the guise of a plumber, the detective investigated the murder case.

gouge

[gaʊdʒ] V. /挖出；撕下/tear out. In that fight, all the rules were forgotten; the adversaries bit, kicked, and tried to gouge each other's eyes out.

gainsay

[geɪnˈseɪ, ˈgeɪnˌseɪ] V. /否认，拒绝/deny. She was too honest to gainsay the truth of the report.【根】gain = against, "要求,问"

gape

[geɪp, gæp] V. /张着嘴呆看；裂缝/open widely; stare open-mouthed. The huge pit gaped before him; if he stumbled, he would fallin. Slackjawed in wonder, Huck gaped at the huge stalactiteshanging down from the ceiling of the limestone cavern.

gait

[geɪt] N. /步态，步法；速度/manner of walking or running; speed. The lame man walked with an uneven gait.

glib

[glɪb] ADJ. /光滑，柔顺；口齿伶俐，圆滑/fluent; facile; slick. Keeping upa steady patter to entertain his customers, the kitchen gadget salesman was a glib speaker, never at a loss for a word.

glut

[glʌt] V. /充斥；过量/overstock; fill to excess. The many manufacturers glutted the market and could not find purchasersfor the excess articles they had produced. also N.【根】glut = devour, "吞吃"

grouse

[graʊs] V. /发牢骚/complain; fuss. Students traditionally grouseabout the abysmal quality of "mystery meat" and similar dormitoryfood.

grate

[greɪt] V. /磨碎；惹恼；因摩擦发出的刺耳声音/make a harsh noise; have an unpleasant effect; shred. The screams of the quarreling children grated on her nerves.

grandiloquent

[grænˈdɪləkwənt] ADJ. /语言夸张的；词藻浮华的/pompous; bombastic; using highsounding language. The politician could never speak simply; she was always grandiloquent.【根】gran=dgrand, "大的"; loqu,locu=speak, "说话"

gratuitous

[grəˈtu:ɪtəs, -ˈtju:-] ADJ. /无条件的；无理由的；免费的 /given freely; unwarranted; uncalled for. Quit making gratuitous comments about my driving; no one asked you for your opinion.【根】grat = pleasing, "感激,高兴"

gregarious

[grɪˈgeəri:əs] ADJ. /社交的；群居/sociable. Typically, partygoers are gregarious; hermits are not.【根】greg = group, "群体"

gruff

[grʌf] ADJ. /粗糙的；粗暴的/rough-mannered. Although he was blunt and gruff with most people, he was always gentlewith children.

gaffe

[gæf] N. /失态；出丑/social blunder. According to Miss Manners, to call your husband by your lover's name is worse than a meregaffe; it is a tactical mistake.

gargantuan

[gɑ:ˈgæntʃu:ən] ADJ. /巨大的/huge; enormous. The gargantuanwrestler was terrified of mice.

gorge

[gɔ:dʒ] V. /狼吞虎咽/stuff oneself. The gluttonous guest gorgedhimself with food as though he had not eaten for days.【根】gorg = throat, "喉"

gall

[gɔ:l] N. /痛苦；烦恼；恼怒/bitterness; nerve. The knowledge of his failure filled him with gall.

gall

[gɔ:l] V. /惹恼；侮辱/annoy; chafe. Their taunts galled him.

gaunt

[gɔ:nt] ADJ. /瘦骨嶙峋，憔悴；荒芜/lean and angular; barren. His once round face looked surprisingly gaunt after he had lost weight.

goad

[gəʊd] V. /刺激；激励；驱策/urge on. He was goaded by his friends until he yielded to their wishes. also N. gorge N. /峡谷/small, steep-walled canyon. The white-water rafting guide warned us about the rapids farther downstream, where the river cut through a narrow gorge.

gauche

[gəʊʃ] ADJ. /粗笨的，粗糙的/clumsy; coarse and uncouth. Compared to the sophisticated young ladies in their elegantgowns, tomboyish Jo felt gauche and out of place.

guffaw

[gəˈfɔ:] N. /狂笑，哄笑/boisterous laughter. The loud guffaws that came from the closed room indicated that the members of the committee had not yet settled down to serious business. also V.

gourmet

[gʊəˈmeɪ, ˈgʊəˌmeɪ] N. /品尝家；美食比赛的评委/connoisseur of food and drink. The gourmet stated that this was the best onion soup she hadever tasted.

gourmand

[gʊəˈmɑ:nd, ˈgʊəmənd] N. /老饕/epicure; person who takes excessive pleasure in food and drink. Gourmands lack self-restraint; if they enjoy a particular cuisine, they eat far too much of it.

hibernal

[haiˈbə:nl] ADJ. /冬天的/wintry. Bears prepare for their long hibernal sleep by overeating.

hiatus

[haɪˈeɪtəs] N. /缝隙；短暂的空白/gap; interruption in duration orcontinuity; pause. During the summer hiatus, many students tryto earn enough money to pay their tuition for the next school year.

hyperbole

[haɪˈpɜ:bəli:] N. /夸张/exaggeration; overstatement. As far as I'm concerned, Apple's claims about the new computer are pure hyperbole: no machine is that good!【根】bol = throw/dance/ball, "抛,舞,球"

heed

[hi:d] V. /注意，关注，留意/pay attention to; consider. We hope you heed our advice and get a good night's sleep before the test. also N.

hue

[hju:] N. /色调/color; aspect. The aviary contained birds of every possible hue.

humane

[hju:ˈmeɪn] ADJ. /仁慈/marked by kindness or consideration. It isironic that the Humane Society sometimes must showits compassion toward mistreated animals by killing them to putthem out of their misery.【根】hum = earth, "土,地"

humility

[hju:ˈmɪlɪti:] N. /谦逊/humbleness of spirit. He spoke with a humilityand lack of pride that impressed his listeners.【根】hum = earth, "土,地"

haphazard

[hæpˈhæzəd] ADJ. /随机的/random; by chance. His haphazardreading left him unacquainted with the authors of the books.【根】hap = chance, "机会,运气"

horde

[hɔ:d, həʊrd] N. /拥挤/crowd. Just before Christmas the stores are filled with hordes of shoppers.

hoard

[hɔ:d] V. /储藏/stockpile; accumulate for future use. Wheneverthere are rumors of a food shortage, manypeople are tempted to hoard food. also N.

hostility

[hɔsˈtiliti] N. /不友好，敌意/unfriendliness; hatred. A child who has been the sole object of his parents' affection often feels hostility toward a new baby in the family, resenting the newcomer who has taken his place.【根】host= enemy, "敌人"

illuminate

[iˈlju:mineit] V. /照亮；明朗；澄清/brighten; clear up or make understandable; enlighten . Just as a lamp can illuminate a dark room, a perceptive comment can illuminate a knotty problem.

host

[həust] N. /很多；主人；宿主/great number; person entertainingguests; animal or plant from which a parasite gets itsnourishment. You must attend to a host of details if you wish tosucceed as host of a formal dinner party. Leeches are parasites that cling to their hosts and drink their hosts' blood.

hoax

[həʊks] N. /伎俩；小聪明/trick; practical joke. Embarrassed by the hoax, he reddened and left the room. also V.

hone

[həʊn] V. /磨尖/sharpen. To make shaving easier, he honed his razor with great care.

hermetic

[həˈmetɪk] ADJ. /密封的，气密的/sealed by fusion so as to be airtight. After you sterilize the bandages, place them in acontainer and seal it with a hermetic seal to protect them fromcontamination by airborne bacteria.

harangue

[həˈræŋ] N. /夸大的讲话/noisy speech. In her lengthy harangue, the principal berated the offenders. also V.

harass

[həˈræŋ] V. /烦恼/to annoy by repeated attacks. When he could notpay his bills as quickly as he had promised, he was harassed byhis creditors.

hallucination

[həˌlu:səˈneɪʃən] N. /幻觉，幻想/delusion. I think you were frightenedby a hallucinationyou created in your own mind.

herbivorous

[hɜ:ˈbɪvərəs, ɜ:-] ADJ. /吃粮食的（动物）/grain-eating. Some herbivorous animals have two stomachs for digesting their food.【根】vor = eat, "吃"

hilarity

[hɪˈlærətɪ] N. /狂欢，欢闹/boisterous mirth. This hilarity is improper on this s olemn day of mourning.【根】hilar = glad, "高兴"

aesthetic

[i:sˈθetik] ADJ. /审美的/artistic; dealing with or capable of appreciation of the beautiful. The beauty of Tiffany's stained glass appealed to Esther's aesthetic sense. aesthete, N.【根】aesthet = feeling, "感觉"

ecologist

[i:ˈkɔlədʒɪst] N. /生态学家/a person concerned with the inter relationship between living organisms and their environment. The ecologist was concerned that the new dam would upset the natural balance of the creatures living in Glen Canyon.【根】Eco = house 家

exclaim

[iksˈkleim] V. /呼喊，大叫/cry out suddenly. "Watson! Behind you!" Holmes exclaimed, seeing the assassin hurl himself on his friend.【根】claim = cyr out/shout, "呼喊,叫喊"

explicit

[iksˈplisit] ADJ. /清晰的；坦率的/totally clear; definite; outspoken. Don't just hint around that you're dissatisfied: be explicitabout what's bugging you.【根】pli1.= fold, "重叠,重复"; 2. 折; 3. 弯;

exploit

[iksˈplɔit] N. /壮举/deed or action, particularly a brave deed. RaoulWallenberg was noted for his exploits in rescuingJews from Hitler's forces.【根】plic1.= fold, "重叠,重复"; 2. 折; 3. 弯

exploit

[iksˈplɔit] V. /开发，开拓/make use of, sometimes unjustly. Cesar Chavez fought attempts to exploit migrant farmworkers inCalifornia. exploitation, N. exploitative, ADJ.【根】plic1.= fold, "重叠,重复"; 2. 折; 3. 弯

expository

[iksˈpɔziˌtəri] ADJ. /解释性的/explanatory; serving to explain. The manual that came with my VCR was no masterpieceof expository prose: its explanations were so garbled that Icouldn't even figure out how to rewind a tape. exposition, N.

exposure

[iksˈpəuʒə] N. /曝光，揭露；暴露（于疾病、恶劣的环境等）的状态/risk, particularly of being exposed to disease or to the elements; unmasking; act of laying something open. Exposure to sun and wind had dried out her hair and weathered her face. She looked so changed that she no longer feared exposure as the notoriousIrene Adler, onetime antagonist of Sherlock Holmes.【根】pos1.= put, "放"; 2. 引申为"职位"

extent

[iksˈtent] N. /范围；程度/degree; magnitude; scope. What is the extent of the patient's injuries? If they are not tooextensive, we can treat him on an outpatient basis.【根】tent = stretch, "伸展,趋向"

eccentric

[ikˈsentrik] ADJ. /古怪的，奇怪的/irregular; odd; whimsical; bizarre. The comet veered dangerously close to the earth in its eccentric orbit. People came up with some eccentric ideas for dealing with the emergency: someone even suggested tieing a knot in the comet's tail!【根】centr = center, "中心"

embed

[imˈbed] V. /封装，嵌入，插入/enclose; place in something. Tales of actual historical figures like King Alfred have become embedded in legends.

embrace

[imˈbreis] V. /拥抱；接受，包含/hug; adopt or espouse; accept readily; encircle; include. Clasping Maid Marian in his arms, Robin Hood embraced her lovingly. In joining the outlaws in Sherwood Forest, she had openly embraced their cause.【根】brace = two arms, "两臂,胳膊"

embark

[imˈbɑ:k] V. /开始旅程，开始，登机，上船，上车/commence; go on board a boat or airplane; begin a journey. In devoting herself to the study of gorillas, Dian Fossey embarked on a course of action that was to cost her her life.

embody

[imˈbɔdi] V. /具体化；包含，收录/personify; make concrete; incorporate. Cheering on his rival Mark McGwire's efforts to break Roger Maris's home run record, Sammy Sosa embodied the spirit of true sportsmanship.

impiety

[imˈpaiəti] N. /不敬（对神）；不虔诚/irreverence; lack of respect forGod. When members of the youth group draped thechurch in toilet paper one Halloween, the minister reprimandedthem for their impiety.

impediment

[imˈpedimənt] N. /妨碍；障碍物/hindrance; stumbling-block. Shehad a speech impediment that prevented her speaking clearly.【根】ped1.= foot, "足,脚"; 2.= child/education, "儿童"; 3. 引申为"教育"

impending

[imˈpendiŋ] ADJ. /接近的；附近的/nearing; approaching. The entire country was saddened by the news of his impending death.【根】pend1.= expend, "花费,支付"; 2. 最初意思为"称重量而衡量......",引申出花费,支付; 3.= hang, "悬挂"

imperative

[imˈperətiv] ADJ. /及其重要，及其关键/absolutely necessary; criticallyimportant. It is imperative that you be extremely agreeable toGreatAunt Maud when she comes to tea: otherwise she mightnot leave you that million dollars in herwill. also N.【根】imper = command, "命令,统治"

impede

[imˈpi:d] V. /阻止；拖延/hinder; block; delay. A series of accidents impeded the launching of the space shuttle.【根】ped1.= foot, "足,脚"; 2.= child/education, "儿童"; 3. 引申为"教育"

imperial

[imˈpiəriəl] ADJ. /帝王的；皇帝的/like an emperor; related to anempire. When hotel owner Leona Helmsley appeared in ads asQueen Leona standing guard over the Palace Hotel, her criticsmocked her imperial fancies.【根】imper = command, "命令,统治"

imply

[imˈplai] V. /暗示； /suggest a meaning not expressed; signify. When Aunt Millie said, "My! That's a big piece of pie, young man!" was she implying that Bobby was being a glutton in helping himself to such a huge piece?【根】ply1.= fold, "重叠,重复"; 2. 折; 3. 弯; 4.= full/fill, "满,填满"

implicit

[imˈplisit] ADJ. /会意的，意会而不言传；暗示的/understood but not stated. Jack never told Jill he adored her; he believed his love was implicit in his actions.【根】plic1.= fold, "重叠,重复"; 2. 折; 3. 弯

implausible

[imˈplɔ:zibl] ADJ. /难以置信的；不像是真的/unlikely; unbelievable. Though her alibi seemed implausible, it in fact turned out to be true.

impart

[imˈpɑ:t] V. /赋予；告诉 /reveal or tell; grant. Polly begged Grandma to impart her recipe for rugeleh, but her grandmother wouldn't say a word.【根】part = part/divide, "部分,分开"

impoverished

[imˈpɔvəriʃt] ADJ. /穷/poor. The loss of their farm left the family impoverished and without hope.

impair

[imˈpɛə] V. /伤害/injure; hurt. Drinking alcohol can impair your ability to drive safely; if you're going to drink, don't drive.

indict

[inˈdait] V. /控告；起诉/charge. The district attorney didn't want to indict the suspect until she was sure she had a strongenough case to convince a jury. indictment, N.【根】dict = say/assert, "说话,断言,写"

indifferent

[inˈdifrənt] ADJ. /普通的，无关紧要的/unmoved or unconcerned by; mediocre. Because Ann felt no desire to marry, she was indifferent to Carl's constant proposals. Not only was sheindifferent to him personally, but she felt that, given his general silliness, he would make an indifferent husband.【根】fer = bring/carry, "带来,拿来"

indicative

[inˈdikətiv] ADJ. /预示的/suggestive; implying. A lack of appetite may be indicative of a major mental or physicaldisorder.

induce

[inˈdju:s] V. /劝诱；导致，引起/persuade; bring about. After the quarrel, Tina said nothing could induce her to talk to Tony again. inducement, N.【根】duce = lead,bring, "引导,带来"

enduring

[inˈdjuəriŋ] ADJ. /持久的；不朽的/lasting; surviving. Keats believed in the enduring power of great art, which would outlast its creators'brief lives.

ingenious

[inˈdʒi:njəs] ADJ. /聪明的/clever; resourceful. Kit admired the ingenious way that her computer keyboard opened up to revealthe built-in CD-ROM below. ingenuity, N.

inequity

[inˈekwiti] N. /不公平/unfairness. In demanding equal pay for equal work, womenprotest the basic inequity of a system that gives greater financialrewards to men.

inevitable

[inˈevitəbl] ADJ. /不可避免地/unavoidable. Though death and taxes are both supposedly inevitable, some people avoidpaying taxes for years.

informal

[inˈfɔ:məl] ADJ. /非正式的；不拘礼节的/absence of ceremony; casual. The English teacher preferred informal discussions to preparedlectures.

infer

[inˈfə:] V. /推导，总结/deduce; conclude. From the students' glazedlooks, it was easy for me to infer that they were bored out of theirminds. inference, N.【根】fer = bring/carry, "带来,拿来"

inhibit

[inˈhibit] V. /限制，防止；阻碍 /restrain; retard or prevent. Only twothings inhibited him from taking a punch at Mike Tyson: Tyson's left hook, and Tyson's right jab. The protective undercoating on my car inhibits the formation of rust.【根】hibit = hold, "拿住"

inherent

[inˈhiərənt] ADJ. /固有的，内在的；与生俱来的/firmly established by nature or habit. Katya's inherent love of justice caused her to champion anyoneshe considered treated unfairly by society.【根】her = stick, "粘附"

enhance

[inˈhɑ:ns] V. /增加；改进/increase; improve. You can enhance yourchances of being admitted to the college of your choice bylearning to write well; an excellent essay can enhance anyapplication.【根】high = tall, "高"

incline

[inˈklain] N. /倾斜，斜面/slope; slant. The architect recommended that the nursing home's ramp be rebuilt because itsincline was too steep for wheelchairs.【根】clin1.= lean/slope, "倾斜,斜坡"; 2."床"

inclusive

[inˈklu:siv] ADJ. /包揽一切的/tending to include all. The comedian turned down the invitation to join the Players' Club, saying any club that would let him in was too inclusive for him.【根】clus = close, "关闭"

inquisitor

[inˈkwizitə] N. /调查者；盘问者/questioner (especially harsh); investigator. Fearing being grilled ruthlessly by the secret police, Masha faced her inquisitors with trepidation.

incorporate

[inˈkɔ:pəreit] V. /合并，联合/introduce something into a larger whole; combine; unite. Breaking with precedent, PresidentTruman ordered the military to incorporate blacks into every branch of the armed services. alsoADJ.【根】corpor = body, "身体,团体"

incur

[inˈkə:] V. /招致/bring upon oneself. His parents refused to pay anyfuture debts he might incur.【根】cur1.= run, "跑,发生,快速做......"; 2.= care, "关心"

incumbent

[inˈkʌmbənt] ADJ. /义不容辞的，职责在身的/obligatory; currentlyholding an office. It is incumbent upon all incumbent elected officials to keep accurate records of expenses incurred in office. also N.【根】cumb1.= lie down, "躺"; 2.= barrier, 躺的"东西,障碍"

incite

[inˈsait] V. /煽动，刺激，驱使/arouse to action; goad; motivate; induceto exist. In a fiery speech, Mario incited his fellow students to goout on strike to protest the university's anti-affirmative action stand.【根】cit1.= quote,call,,"引用,唤起"; 2.= citizen, "公民"

incentive

[inˈsentiv] N. /刺激，驱动/spur; motive. Mike's strong desire tooutshine his big sister was all the incentive he needed to do well in school.【根】cent1.= hundred, "百,百分之一"; 2.= sing/song, "唱,歌"【根】cent1.= hundred, "百,百分之一"; 2.= sing/song, "唱,歌"

incessant

[inˈsesnt] ADJ. /不停的/uninterrupted; unceasing. In a famous TV commercial, the frogs' incessant croaking goes on and on untileventually it turns into a single word: "Bud-weis -er."

insomnia

[inˈsɔmniə] N. /失眠/wakefulness; inability to sleep. He refused to join us in a midnight cup of coffee because he claimed it gave him insomnia.【根】somn = sleep, "睡眠"

entitlement

[inˈtaitlmənt] N. /权利/right to claim something; right to benefits. While Bill was entitled to use a company car while he worked forthe firm, the company's lawyers questioned his entitlement to the vehicle once he'd quit his job.

entail

[inˈteil] V. /要求，需要；牵涉到/require; necessitate; involve. Buildinga collegelevel vocabulary will entail some work on your part.【根】tail = cut, "剪,割"

integrity

[inˈteɡriti] N. /完整性/uprightness; wholeness. Lincoln, whosepersonal integrity has inspired millions, fought a civil warto maintain the integrity of the Republic, that these United Statesmight remain undivided for all time.【根】integr = whole, "完整"

intimidate

[inˈtimideit] V. /使害怕/frighten. I'll learn karate and then those big bullies won't be able to intimidate me any more.【根】tim = fear, "害怕"

intrinsic

[inˈtrinsik] ADJ. /内在的；固有的/essential; inherent; built-in. Although my grandmoth er's china has little intrinsic value, I shall always cherish it for the memories it evokes.

intrude

[inˈtru:d] V. /强挤入，侵入；强加于人/trespass; enter as an uninvitedperson. She hesitated to intrude on their conversation.【根】trud = push, "推"

interment

[inˈtə:mənt] N. /埋葬/burial. Interment will take place in the churchcemetery at 2 P.M. Wednesday.

invasive

[inˈveisiv] ADJ. /入侵的/tending to spread aggressively; intrusive.Giving up our war with the invasive blackberry vinesthat had taken over the back yard, we covered the lawn withconcrete. invade, V.

invert

[inˈvə:t] V. /倒转，翻转/turn upside down or inside out. When heinverted his body in a handstand, he felt the blood rush to hishead. inveterate ADJ. deep-rooted; habitual. An inveterate smoker, Bob cannot seem to break the habit, no matter how hard he tries.【根】vert = turn, "转"

escapism

[isˈkeipizəm] N. /逃避现实，纸醉金迷/avoiding reality by divertingoneself with amusements. Before you criticize her constantreading as mere escapism, note how greatly her vocabulary hasimproved since she began spending her days buried in books.

esteem

[isˈti:m] V. /尊重；估价/respect; value. Jill esteemed Jack's taste in music, but she deplored his taste in clothes.【根】estim = value, "价值"

ignite

[iɡˈnait] V. /点燃/kindle; light. When Desi crooned, "Baby, light my fire," literal-minded Lucy looked around for some paper to ignite.【根】ign = fire, "点火"

exempt

[iɡˈzempt] ADJ. /被免除的/not subject to a duty, obligation. Because of his flat feet, Foster was exempt from serving in the armed forces. also V.【根】empt = take/procure, "拿,获得,拿走后 [变空]"

exuberance

[iɡˈzju:bərəns] N. /富得流油的；精力充沛；浪费，过度/overflowing abundance; joyful enthusiasm; flamboyance; lavishness. I was bowled over by the exuberance of Amy's welcome. What an enthusiastic greeting!

exotic

[iɡˈzɔtik] ADJ. /陌生的，外来的，奇异的，异国情调 /not native; strange. Because of his exotic headdress, he was followed in the streets by small children who laughed at his strange appearance.

effectual

[iˈfektjuəl] ADJ. /有效的/able to produce a desired effect; valid. Medical researchers are concerned because of the developmentof drug-resistant strains of bacteria; many once useful antibioticsare no longer effectual in curing bacterial infections.

eclipse

[iˈklips] V. /超越；衰落；失色 /darken; extinguish; surpass. The new stock market high eclipsed the previous record set in1995.

equestrian

[iˈkwestriən] N. /骑师/rider on horseback. These paths in the park are reserved for equestrians and their steeds. also ADJ.【根】equ = horse, "马"

economy

[iˈkɔnəmi] N. /俭省节约的，经济的/efficiency or conciseness in using something. Reading the epigrams of Pope, I admire the economy of his verse: in few words he conveys worlds of meaning. (secondary meaning)【根】eco= house 家 "生态,经济" ;nomy = a field of knowledge, "某一领域 [的知识]"

illimitable

[iˈlimitəbl] ADJ. /无限/infinite. Man, having explored the far cornersof the earth, is now reaching out into illimitable space.

elliptical

[iˈliptikəl] ADJ. /椭圆的；有意模棱两可的/oval; ambiguous, either purposely or because key words have been left out. An elliptical billiard ball wobbles because it is not perfectly round; an elliptical remark baffles because it is not perfectly clear.

elicit

[iˈlisit] V. /得出/draw out by discussion. The detectives tried to elicit where he had hidden his loot.【根】lic = allure, "高兴,美味,引诱"

epistolary

[iˈpistələri] ADJ. /书信的/consisting of letters. Mark Harris's Wake Up, Stupid! is a modern epistolary novel that uses letters, telegrams, and newspaper clippings to tell the hero's story. The movie You've Got Mail tells a story using e - mail; does that make it an epistolary movie? epistle, N.

irreverence

[iˈrevərəns] N. /不尊敬的/lack of proper respect. Some audiencemembers were amused by the irreverence of the comedian's jokes about the Pope; others felt offended by his lack of respect for their faith. irreverent, ADJ.

erroneous

[iˈrəunjəs] ADJ. /错误/mistaken; wrong. I thought my answer wascorrect, but it was erroneous.【根】err = wander/mistake, "漫游,犯错误"

estranged

[iˈstreindʒd] ADJ. /分离的；孤立的/separated; alienated. The estranged wife sought a divorce. estrangement, N.

ecclesiastic

[iˌkli:ziˈæstik] ADJ. /神职的/pertaining to the church. The minister donned his ecclesiastic garb and walked to the pulpit. also N.

euphoria

[ju:ˈfɔ:ri:ə, -ˈfəʊr-] N. /非常愉快；病态的愉快，愉悦症/feeling of greathappiness and well-being (sometimes exaggerated). Delighted with her SAT scores, sure that the university would accept her, Allison was filled with euphoria. euphoric, ADJ.【根】phor = bring, "带来"

euphonious

[ju:ˈfəʊni:əs] ADJ. /悦耳的/pleasing in sound. Euphonious even when spoken, the Italian language is particularly pleasing to theear when sung. euphony. N.【根】phon = sound, "声音"

cow

[kau] V. /威吓 /terrorize; intimidate. The little boy was so cowed by the hulking bully that he gave up his lunch money without a word of protest.

chimerical

[kaɪˈmerɪkəl, -ˈmɪə-, kɪ-] ADJ. /不现实，空想/fantastically improbable; highly unrealistic; imaginative. As everyone expected, Ted's chimerical scheme to make a fortune by raising ermines in his back yard proved a dismal failure.

chaotic

[keiˈɔtik] ADJ. /混乱/in utter disorder. He tried to bring order into the chaotic state of affairs. chaos, N.

cupidity

[kju:ˈpɪdɪti:] N. /贪心，贪婪 /greed. The defeated people could not satisfy the cupidity of the conquerors, who demanded excessive tribute.【根】cup = desire, "渴望"

curator

[kjʊˈreɪtə, ˈkjʊərətə] N. / 馆长，监护人 /superintendent; manager. The members of the board of trustees of the museum expected the new curator to plan events and exhibitions that would make the museum more popular.【根】cur1.= run, "跑,发生,快速做......"; 2.= care, "关心"

clime

[klaim] N. /地域；气候/region; climate. His doctor advised him to move to a milder clime.

climactic

[klaɪˈmæktɪk] ADJ. /顶点的，高潮的/relating to the highest point. When he reached the climactic portions of the book, he could not stop reading. climax, N.

clout

[klaʊt] N. /巨大的影响（政治\社会）/great influence (especially political or social). Gatsby wondered whether he had enough clout to be admitted to the exclusive club.

cleft

[kleft] N. /裂缝；开裂/split. Trying for a fresh handhold, the mountain climber grasped the edge of a cleft in the sheer rock face. also ADJ.

clench

[klentʃ] V. /牢牢抓住/close tightly; grasp. "Open wide," said the dentist, but Clint clenched his teeth even more tightly than before.

clique

[kli:k, klɪk] N. /小圈子；同行/small exclusive group. Fitzgerald wished that he belonged to the clique of popular athletes andbig men on campus who seemed to run Princeton's social life.

cleave

[kli:v] V. /劈开；黏着；忠于/split or sever; cling to; remain faithful to. With her heavy cleaver, Julia Child can cleave a whole roast duck in two. Soaked through, the soldier tugged at the uniform that cleaved annoyingly to his body. He would cleave to his post, come rain or shine.

clip

[klip] N. /剪辑/section of filmed material. Phil's job at Fox Sports involved selecting clips of the day's sporting highlights for later broadcast. also V.

clandestine

[klænˈdestɪn] ADJ. /秘密/secret. After avoiding their chaperon, the lovers had a clandestine meeting.【根】clandestin = secret,"秘密"

clasp

[klɑ:sp] N. /扣合；紧密合作/fastening device; firm grip. When the clasp on Judy's bracelet broke, Fred repaired it, bending the hook back into shape. He then helped her slip on thebracelet, holding it firm in the sure clasp of his hand.

clairvoyant

[klɛəˈvɔiənt] ADJ. N. /预知；预言者/having foresight; fortuneteller. Cassandra's clairvoyant warning was not heeded by the Trojans. clairvoyance, N.

clamber

[klɛəˈvɔiənt] V. /爬/climb by crawling. She clambered over the wall.

clump

[klʌmp] N. /一块，一团；沉重的脚步声；草丛，灌木丛 /cluster or close group(of bushes, trees); mass; sound of heavy treading. Hiding behind the clump of bushes, the fugitives waited for the heavy clump of the soldiers' feet to fade away.

criterion

[kraiˈtiəriən] N. /（批评判断的）标准，准据/standard used in judging. What criterion did you use when you selected this essay as the prize winner? criteria, PL.【根】crit = judge,discern, "判断,分辨,评判"

crest

[krest] N. / 顶峰，浪头 /highest point of a hill; foamy top of a wave. Fleeing the tidal wave, the islanders scrambled to reach the crest of Mount Lucinda. With relief, they watched the crest of the wave break well below their vantage point.

creed

[kri:d] N. /信条/system of religious or ethical belief. Any loyal American's creed must emphasize love of democracy.【根】creed = believe/trust, "相信,信任"

crass

[kræs] ADJ. / 粗鲁的，愚钝的 /very unrefined; grossly insensible. The film critic deplored the crass commercialism of movie-makers who abandon artistic standards in order to make a quick buck.

crescendo

[krəˈʃendəʊ] N. / 声音渐增 /increase in the volume or intensity, as in a musical passage; climax. The music suddenly shifted its mood, dramatically switching from a muted, contemplative passage to a crescendo with blaring trumpets and clashing cymbals.

cringe

[krɪndʒ] V. /畏缩，阿谀，奉承/shrink back, as if in fear. The dog cringed, expecting a blow.

crypt

[krɪpt] N. / 地下室，土窖 /secret recess or vault, usually used for burial. Until recently, only bodies of rulers and leading statesmen were interred in this crypt.【根】crypt = secret,hdden, "秘密,隐藏"

credulity

[krɪˈdu:lɪti:, -ˈdju:-] N. / 易信，轻信 /belief on slight evidence; gullibility; naiveté. Con artists take advantage of the credulity of inexperienced investors to swindle them out of their savings. Credulous, ADJ.

crux

[krʌks, krʊks] N. /症结/crucial point. This is the crux of the entire problem: everything centers on its being resolved.【根】crux = cross, "十字形,交叉"

coup

[ku:] N. /砰然而有效的一击，妙计/highly successful action or sudden attack. As the news of his coup spread throughoutWall Street, his fellow brokers dropped by to congratulate him.【记】coup 音"酷"，妙计就是酷

coiffure

[kwɑ:ˈfjuə] N. /发型/hairstyle. You can make a statement with your choice of coiffure: in the sixties many African- Americans affirmed their racial heritage by wearing their hair in Afros.

cuisine

[kwɪˈzi:n] N. /烹饪，烹调风格/style of cooking. French cuisine is noted for its use of sauces and wines.

cant

[kænt] N. /伪善；黑话/insincere expressions of piety; jargon of thieves. Shocked by news of the minister's extramarital love affairs, the worshippers dismissed his talk about the sacredness of marriage as mere cant. Cant is a form of hypocrisy: those who can, pray; those who cant, pretend.【根】cant = sing/song, "唱,歌"

cantankerous

[kænˈtæŋkərəs] ADJ. /脾气坏；易发怒/ill humored; irritable. Constantly complaining about his treatment and refusing to cooperate with the hospital staff, he was a cantankerous patient.

cache

[kæʃ] N. /藏身之处/hiding place. The detectives followed the suspect until he led them to the cache where he had stored his loot. He had cached the cash in a bag for trash: it was a hefty sum.

cascade

[kæˈskeɪd] N. /小瀑布/small waterfall. We were too tired to appreciate the beauty of the many cascades because we had to detour around them to avoid being drenched by the water cascading down.【根】cas1.= fall, "落下,降临"; 2. 引申为偶然发生【记】(cas+cade)

camaraderie

[kɑ:məˈrɑ:dəri:] N. /友情/good-fellowship. What he loved best about his job was the sense of camaraderie he and his coworkers shared.

carnivorous

[kɑ:ˈnɪvərəs] ADJ. /食肉的/meat-eating. The lion's a carnivorous beast. A hunk of meat makes up his feast. A cow is not a carnivore. She likes the taste of grain, not gore.【根】carn = flesh, "肉,肉欲"【记】(carnivore [n.食肉动物]+ous......的→carnivorous食肉类的)

cartographer

[kɑ:ˈtɔgrəfə] N. /制图者，制地图的人/map-maker. Though not a professional cartographer, Tolkien was able to construct a map of his fictional world.

caulk

[kɔ:k] V. /填；补漏/make watertight by filling in cracks. Jack had to caulk the tiles in the shower stall to stop the leak into the basement below.

corporeal

[kɔ:ˈpɔ:riəl] ADJ. /肉体的，物质的/bodily; material. The doctor had no patience with spiritual matters: his job was to attend to his patients' corporeal problems, not to minister to their souls.【根】corpor = body, "身体,团体"【记】(corpor身体,团体+real真的→真的身体→有形的)

coin

[kɔin] V. /铸币；发明；杜撰/make coins; invent or fabricate. Mints coin good money; counterfeiters coin fakes. Slanderers coin nasty rumors; writers coin words. A neologism is an expression that's been newly-coined.

concave

[kɔnˈkeɪv, ˈkɔnˌkeɪv] ADJ. / 空的/hollow. The back-packers found partial shelter from the storm by huddling against the concave wall of the cliff.【根】cav = hole, "洞"【记】(con全部+cave [n.洞,穴]→全部像洞一样→凹进去的)

conglomeration

[kɔnˌɡlɔməˈreiʃən] N. / 聚集，混和物 /mass of material sticking together. In such a conglomeration of miscellaneous statistics, it was impossible to find a single area of analysis.【根】glomer = ball【记】（con共同+glomer球+ation→）

coy

[kɔɪ] ADJ. /腼腆的，怕羞的/shy; modest; coquettish. Reluctant to commit herself so early in the game, Kay was coy in her answers to Ken's offer.

curtail

[kə:ˈteil] V. /缩减，减少/shorten; reduce. When Herb asked Diane for a date, she said she was really sorry she couldn't go out with him, but her dad had ordered her to curtail her social life.【根】tail = cut, "剪,割"

*combustible

[kəmˈbʌstəbəl] ADJ. /易燃的/easily burned. After the recent outbreak of fires in private homes, the fire commissioner ordered that all combustible materials be kept in safe containers, also N.

compile

[kəmˈpail] V. /聚集，积累，汇集 /assemble; gather; accumulate. We planned to compile a list of the words most frequently used on SAT I examinations.

compelling

[kəmˈpelɪŋ] ADJ. /强制的/overpowering; irresistible in effect. The prosecutor presented a well-reasoned case, but the defense attorney's compelling arguments for leniency won over the jury.【根】pel = drive/push, "驱动,推"

compensatory

[kəmˈpensətəri] ADJ. /补偿/making up for; repaying. Can a compensatory education program make up for the in adequate schooling he received in earlier years?【根】pens=weight, expend, ,"称重量，称银子"，引申为"花费"【记】（com全部+pens+ate→花费的钱全部 [拿回来]→赔偿）

compute

[kəmˈpju:t] V. /计算/reckon; calculate. He failed to compute the interest, so his bank balance was not accurate. computation, N.【根】put = think, "认为,思考"【记】(com一起+put认为,思考+e→放到一起想)

compliance

[kəmˈplaɪəns] N. /顺从/readiness to yield; conformity in fulfilling requirements. Bullheaded Bill was not noted for easy compliance with the demands of others. As an architect, however, Bill recognized that his design for the new school had to be incompliance with the local building code.【根】pli = full, fill, "满，填满"

compliant

[kəmˈplaɪənt] ADJ. /顺从/yielding. Because Joel usually gave in and went along with whatever his friends desired, his mother worried that he might be too compliant.【根】pli = full, fill, "满，填满"

complacency

[kəmˈpleɪsənsi:] N. /自满；装模作样/self-satisfaction; smugness. Full of complacency about his latest victories, he looked smugly at the row of trophies on his mantelpiece. complacent, ADJ.【根】plac = calm, "平静"【记】(com全部+plac平静+ency性质,状态→身心平静→自满)

complaisant

[kəmˈpleɪsənt, -zənt] ADJ. /彬彬有礼；殷勤/trying to please; obliging. The courtier obeyed the king's orders in a complaisant manner.【根】plac = calm, "平静"【记】（com加强语气+plais [ = plac]+ant→让 [别人]满意→讨好的）

complicity

[kəmˈplɪsɪti:] N. /共犯，共同/participation; involvement. You cannot keep your complicity in this affair secret very long; you would be wise to admit your involvement immediately.【根】plic, pli, ply=fold , "重叠，折叠"【记】（com共同+plic+ity→共同重叠→同谋关系）

comprise

[kəmˈpraiz] V. /包括/include; consist of. If the District of Columbia were to be granted statehood, the United States of America would comprise fifty-one states, not just fifty.【根】prise= take, "拿住,抓住"【记】(com全部+prise拿住,抓住→全部抓住→包括)

compress

[kəmˈpres] V. /压缩/close; squeeze; contract. She compressed the package under her arm.【根】press = press, "挤压"【记】(com一起+press压→一起压→压缩)

compact

[kəmˈpækt] N. /合约，合同/agreement; contract. The signers of the Mayflower Compact were establishing a form of government.

compatible

[kəmˈpætəbl] ADJ. /和谐的/harmonious; in harmony with. They were compatible neighbors, never quarreling over unimportant matters. compatibility, N.【根】pati1.= feeling, "感情"; 2.= ,"忍耐,遭受"【记】(com共同+pati感情+ible......的→有共同感情→能相处的)

component

[kəmˈpəunənt] N. /成分/element; ingredient. I wish all the components of my stereo system were working at the same time.【根】pon = put, "放置"【记】(com共同+pon放+ent......的→放到一起 [的东西]→成分)

composure

[kəmˈpəʊʒə] N. /镇定，沉着/mental calmness. Even the latest work crisis failed to shake her composure.【根】pos1.= put, "放"; 2. 引申为"职位"【记】（com一起+pos+ure→ [精神]放到一起→镇静）

compunction

[kəmˈpʌŋkʃən] N. /后悔/remorse. The judge was especially severe in his sentencing because he felt that the criminal had shown no compunction for his heinous crime.【根】punct = point/make sharp, "点,变尖,指,针"【记】（com共同+punct+ion→浑身像针刺一样→悔恨）

condemn

[kənˈdem] V. /判刑，声讨/censure; sentence; force or limit to a particular state. In My Cousin Vinnie, Vinnie's fiancée condemned Vinnie for mishandling his cousin Tony's defense. If Vinnie didn't do a better job defending Tony, the judge would condemn Tony to death, and Vinnie would be condemn θ d to cleaning toilets for a living.【根】demn = harm, "伤害"【记】(con共同+demn伤害→共同伤害→谴责)

condense

[kənˈdens] V. / 浓缩，精简 /make more compact or dense; shorten or abridge; reduce into a denser form. If you squeeze a slice of Wonder Bread, taking out the extra air, you can condense it into a pellet the size of a sugar cube. If you cutout the unnecessary words from your essay, you can condense it to a paragraph. As the bathroom cooled down, the steam from the shower condensed into droplets of water.【根】dens = make thick, "变浓厚"【记】(con全部+dense浓密的→v.凝结;浓缩)

conducive

[kənˈdju:siv] ADJ. /有助于/contributive; tending to. Rest and proper diet are conducive to good health.【根】duc,duct = lead,bring, "引导，带来"【记】（con共同+duc+ive→能引导大家一起做→有助于）

condole

[kənˈdəʊl] V. /慰问/express sympathetic sorrow. His friends gathered to condole with him over his loss. condolence, N.【根】dole = grieve, "悲伤"【记】(con共同+dole悲伤→共同悲伤→哀悼)

condone

[kənˈdəʊn] V. / 宽恕 /overlook; forgive; give tacit approval; excuse. Unlike Widow Douglass, who condoned Huck.s minor offenses, Miss Watson did nothing but scold.【根】don = give, "给予"【记】(con大家+don给予+e→大家都给予宽恕)

conjecture

[kənˈdʒektʃə] V. /推测，猜想/surmise; guess. Although there was no official count, the organizers conjectured that more than 10,000 marchers took part in the March for Peace. also N.【根】ject = throw/st, "投掷,扔"【记】(con共同+ject投掷,扔+ure表名词→大家一起扔 [思想]→推测)

congeal

[kənˈdʒi:l] V. /冻结/freeze; coagulate. His blood congealed in his veins as he saw the dread monster rush toward him.

congenital

[kənˈdʒi:njəl] ADJ. /天生的，先天的 /existing at birth. Were you born stupid, or did you just turn out this way? In other words, is your idiocy acquired or congenital? Doctors are able to cure some congenital deformities such as cleft palates by performing operations on infants.【根】gen,gener,genit = birth,produce, "出生，产生" 【记】（con共同+gen+ital→与生俱来→天生的）

congenial

[kənˈdʒi:njəl] ADJ. /性格相似的/pleasant; friendly. My father loved to go out for a meal with congenial companions.

harbor

[ˈhɑ:bə] V. /庇护；隐藏/provide a refuge for; hide. The church harbored illegal aliens who were political refugees.

confine

[kənˈfain] V. /限制，禁闭/shut in; restrict. The terrorists had confined their prisoner in a small room. However, they had not chained him to the wall or done anything else to confine his movements further. confinement, N.【根】fine = limit,boundary,end,"结束,范围,界限,限制"【记】(con全部+fine限制→全部限制)

confound

[kənˈfaʊnd, kɔn-] V. /使混淆/confuse; puzzle. No mystery could confound Sherlock Holmes for long.

conformity

[kənˈfɔ:miti] N. /一致，符合/harmony; agreement. In conformity with our rules and regulations, I am calling a meeting of our organization.【根】form = shape, "形状"【记】（con共同+form+ity→形式共同→一致）

confirm

[kənˈfə:m] V. / 确定 /corroborate; verify; support. I have several wit-nesses who will confirm my account of what happened.【根】firm = firm, "坚定"【记】(con全部+firm坚定→v.坚定;证实)

conclusive

[kənˈklu:sɪv] ADJ. /确实的，决定性的/decisive; ending all debate. When the stolen books turned up in John.s locker, we finally had conclusive evidence of the indence of the indentity of the mysterious thief.【根】clud = close, "关闭"【记】(conclude [v.结论;终结]→adj.决定性的;结论性的)

concoct

[kənˈkɔkt] V. /调合，调制 /prepare by combining; make up inconcert. How did the inventive chef ever concoct such a strange dish? concoction, N.【根】coct = cook, "煮,调配"【记】(con全部+coct煮,调配→全部是调配出来的→捏造)

concomitant

[kənˈkɔmɪtənt] N. /伴随物/that which accompanies. Culture is not always a concomitant of wealth. also ADJ.

concur

[kənˈkɜ:] V. /同时发生/agree. Did you concur with the decision of the court or did you find it unfair?【根】cur1.= run, "跑,发生,快速做......"; 2.= care, "关心"【记】(con共同+cur跑,发生,快速做...→共同跑→共同发生)

concurrent

[kənˈkɜ:rənt, -ˈkʌr-] ADJ. / 并发的 /happening at the same time. In America, the colonists were resisting the demands of the mother country; at the concurrent moment in France, the middle class was sowing the seeds of rebellion.

concise

[kənˈsais] ADJ. /简练/brief and compact. When you define a new word, be concise: the shorter the definition, the easier it is to remember.【根】cise = cut/kill, "切开,杀"【记】(con全部+cise切开,杀→把 [没用的东西]全部切掉)

consign

[kənˈsaɪn] V. / 委托，托运 /deliver officially; entrust; set apart. The court consigned the child to her paternal grandmother's care. consignment, N.【根】sign1.= mark, "记号,信号,标志"; 2. 签署【记】（con共同+sign→共同做记号→把...委托 [别人]）

consensus

[kənˈsensəs] N. / 舆论，一致同意 /general agreement. Every time the garden club members had nearly reached a consensus about what to plant, Mistress Mary, quite contrary, disagreed.【根】Sens, sent= feel,,"感觉"【记】（con共同+sens+us→感觉一致）

concentric

[kənˈsentrɪk] ADJ. /同心/having a common center. The target was made of concentric circles.【根】centr = center, "中心"【记】(con共同+centr中心+ate做→中心共同→集中)

conception

[kənˈsepʃən] N. /开始，构思/beginning; forming of an idea. At the first conception of the work, he was consulted. conceive,V.【根】cept= take, hold, seize,,"拿，抓，握住"

concession

[kənˈseʃən] N. /让步/an act of yielding. Before they could reach an agreement, both sides had to make certain concessions.【根】cess = go, "行走,前进"

concede

[kənˈsi:d] V. /勉强，让步，屈从/admit; yield. Despite all the evidence Monica had assembled, Mark refused to concede that she was right.【根】ced = go, "行走,前进"【记】(con共同+ced行走,前进+e→共同向后走一步→让步)【辨】admit or concede? When sb admits sth, they are usually agreeing that sth which is generally considered bad or wrong is true or has happened, especially when it relates to their own actions. When sbconcedes sth, they are usually accepting, unwillingly, that a particular fact or statement is true or logical.

conceit

[kənˈsi:t] N. /自负，自大；离奇古怪的想法/vanity or self-love; whimsical idea; extravagant metaphor. Although Jack was smug and puffed up with conceit, he was an entertaining companion, always expressing himself in amusing conceits and witty turns of phrase.【根】ceive = take/hold/seize,,"拿,抓,握住"【记】(con共同+ceit = ceive拿,抓,握住→ [自以为]全部抓到→自大)

conspicuous

[kənˈspikjuəs] ADJ. /显著的 /easily seen; noticeable; striking. Janet was conspicuous both for her red hair and for her height.【根】spic = look/see, "看"【记】(con大家+spic看+uous......的→大家都看见→显眼的)

conspiracy

[kənˈspirəsi] N. /阴谋/treacherous plot. Brutus and Cassius joined in the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar. conspire, v.【根】spir = breathe, "呼吸,精神"

constituent

[kənˈstitjuənt] N. /委托人，要素 /supporter. The congressman received hundreds of letters from angry constituents after the Equal Rights Amendment failed to pass.【根】stit = set up/place, "建立,放"【记】(con共同+stit建立,放+uent→共同建立的→组成的)

constraint

[kənˈstreint] N. /约束，强制 /compulsion; repression of feelings. There was a feeling of constraint in the room because no one dared to criticize the speaker. constrain, v.【根】strain = tighten, "拉紧"【记】(con一起+strain拉紧+t→拉到一起→限制,强制)

construe

[kənˈstru:] V. /解释，分析 /explain; interpret. If I construe your remarks correctly, you disagree with the theory already advanced.

concerted

[kənˈsə:tid] ADJ. /协调的/mutually agreed on; done together. All the Girl Scouts made a concerted effort to raise funds for their annual outing. When the movie star appeared, his fans let out a concerted sigh.【根】cert= sure, separate, "搞清，区别"

intemperate

[ɪnˈtempərɪt, -prɪt] ADJ. /过度的；极端的；放纵的/immoderate; excessive; extreme. In a temper, Tony refused to tone down his intemperate remarks.

console

[kənˈsəul] V. /安慰，藉慰/lessen sadness or disappointment; give comfort. When her father died, Marius did his best to console Cosette.【根】sole = sun, "太阳"【记】(con共同+sole太阳→共同给人太阳→一起安慰)

conservatory

[kənˈsɜ:vəˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:] N. /音乐学校/school of the fine arts (especially music or drama). A gifted violinist, Marya was selected to study at the conservatory.【根】Serv = serve, keep , "服务，保持"

conciliatory

[kənˈsɪliətəri] ADJ. /抚慰，调和/reconciling; soothing. She was still angry despite his conciliatory words. conciliate, V.【根】cili = call, "召集"【记】(con共同+cili召集+atory→把人召到一起来→安抚 [别人]的)

consistency

[kənˈsɪstənsi:] N. /连结，结合/absence of contradictions; dependability; uniformity; degree of thickness. Holmes judged puddings and explanations on their consistency: he liked his puddings without lumps and his explanations without improbabilities.【根】Sist=stand,,"站立"

contempt

[kənˈtempt] N. / 轻视，轻蔑 /scorn; disdain. The heavyweight boxer looked on 0rdinary people with contempt, scorning them as weaklings who couldn't hurt a fly. We thought it was contemptible of him to be contemptuous of people for being weak.【根】tempt = try, "尝试"【记】(con共同+tempt尝试→大家都能试下→没什么了不起→轻视,藐视)

contemporary

[kənˈtempərəri] N./同时代的人 /person belonging to the same period Though Charlotte Bronte and George Eliot were contemporaries, the two novelists depicted their Victorian world in markedly different ways. also ADJ.【根】tempor1.= time, "时间或时间引起的现象"; 2.=,"情绪,回火"【记】(con共同+tempor时间+ary......的→同时间的)

contend

[kənˈtend] V. / 斗争，竞争 /struggle; compete; assert earnestly. Sociologist Harry Edwards contends that young black athletes are exploited by some college recruiters.【根】tend = stretch, "伸展,趋向"（con一起+tend→一起你拉我夺→争论）

contention

[kənˈtenʃən] N. /争夺，争论/claim; thesis. It is our contention that, if you follow our tactics, you will boost your score on the SAT. contend, V.

contentious

[kənˈtenʃəs] ADJ. /好争吵的，争论的/quarrelsome. Disagreeing violently with the referees' ruling, the coach became so contentious that they threw him out of the game.

contagion

[kənˈteɪdʒən] N. /传染，蔓延/infection. Fearing contagion, they took great steps to prevent the spread of the disease.【根】tag = touch, "接触"【记】(con共同+tag接触+ion表名词→共同接触导→传染)

contingent

[kənˈtindʒənt] ADJ. / 可能发生的，附随的 /dependent on; conditional. Caroline's father informed her that any raise in her allowance was contingent on the quality of her final grades. contingency, N.【根】ting = touch, "接触"【记】（con共同+ting+ent→（根据）大家接触到的情况而定）

contingent

[kənˈtindʒənt] N. / 代表团 /group that makes up part of a gathering. The New York contingent of delegates at the Democratic National Convention was a boisterous, sometimes rowdy lot.

contusion

[kənˈtju:ʒən] N. /擦伤；撞伤/bruise. Black and blue after her fall, Sue was treated for contusions and abrasions.

contrite

[kənˈtraɪt, ˈkɔnˌtraɪt] ADJ. /深感懊悔的/penitent. Her contrite tears did not influence the judge when he imposed sentence. contrition,N.【根】trit = rub, "磨擦"【记】(con全部+trit磨擦+e→身心全部摩擦→悔恨交加的)

contrived

[kənˈtraɪvd] ADJ. /做作的；牵强的/forced; artificial; not spontaneous. Feeling ill at ease with his new in-laws, James made a few contrived attempts at conversation and then retreated into silence.

contract

[kənˈtrækt] V. / 合同，契约 /compress or shrink; make a pledge; catch a disease. Warm metal expands; cold metal contracts.【根】tract = draw, "拉,拖,抽"【记】(con共同+tract拉,拖,抽→把二者 [或以上]拉到一起,形成制约→ [订]合同/契约,使缩小)

contaminate

[kənˈtæmineit] V. / 污染 /pollute. The sewage system of the city so contaminated the water that swimming was forbidden.【根】contamin = pollute, "污染"

cantata

[kənˈtɑ:tə] N. /大合唱；康塔塔/story set to music, to be sung by a chorus. The choral society sang the new cantata composed by its leader.【根】cant = sing/song, "唱,歌"

canter

[kənˈtɑ:tə] N. /慢跑/slow gallop. Because the racehorse had outdistanced its competition so easily, the reporter wrote that the race was won in a canter. also V.

contiguous

[kənˈtɪgju:əs] ADJ. / 邻近的，接近的 /adjacent to; touching upon. The two countries are contiguous for a few miles; then they are separated by the gulf.【根】tig = touch, "接触"【记】（con共同+tig+uous互相接触→毗邻的）

convention

[kənˈvenʃən] N. / 习俗，惯例 /social or moral custom; established practice. Flying in the face of convention, George Sand shocked society by taking lovers and wearing men's clothes.【根】ven,vent = come, "来,走"【记】（con大家+ven+ tion→大家来到一起饿→集会，习俗）

conventional

[kənˈvenʃənl] ADJ. / 典型的；普通的 /ordinary; typical. His conventional upbringing left him wholly unprepared for his wife's eccentric family.

conveyance

[kənˈveɪəns] N. / 运输，运输工具 /vehicle; transfer. During the transit strike, commuters used various kinds of conveyances.【根】vey = way, "道路"【记】(convey [v.运送,搬运,转运;传达,传播]+ance表名词→n.运输;转让)

convene

[kənˈvi:n] V. / 召集，集合 /assemble. Because much needed legislation had to be enacted, the governor ordered the legislature to convene in special session by January 15.【根】ven = come, "来,走"【记】（con全部+ven+e→来到一起→召集）

harbinger

[ˈhɑ:bɪndʒə] N. /先驱/forerunner. The crocus is an early harbinger of spring.

conviction

[kənˈvikʃən] N. /定罪，宣告有罪/judgment that someone is guilty of a crime; strongly held belief. Even her conviction for murder did not shake Peter's conviction that Harriet was innocent of the crime.【根】vict = conquer/overcome, "征服,克服"【记】(con全部+vict征服,克服→彻底征服掉→宣告...有罪)

converge

[kənˈvə:dʒ] V. / 聚合；接近 /approach; tend to meet; come together. African-American men from all over the United States converged on Washington to take part in the historic Million Men march.

converse

[kənˈvə:s] N. /相反的事物/opposite. The inevitable converse of peace is not war but annihilation.【根】vers = turn, "转"【记】(con相互+vers转+e→相互转化的，对立的→相反的事物)

convert

[kənˈvə:t] N. /改变信仰者/one who has adopted a different religion or opinion. On his trip to Japan, though the President spoke at length about the virtues of American automobiles, he made few converts to his beliefs. also v.【根】vert = turn, "转"【记】(con+vert转→v.变换,转换;改变 [信仰等];兑换 [钱])

conversant

[kənˈvɜ:sənt, ˈkɔnvə-] ADJ. /熟悉的，了解的/familiar with. The lawyer is conversant with all the evidence.【根】vers = turn, "转"【记】(con相互+vers转+ant表形容词→相互能转换的，相通的→熟悉的)

convivial

[kənˈvɪvi:əl] ADJ. / 欢乐的 /festive; gay; characterized by joviality. The convivial celebrators of the victory sang their college songs. convoke V. call together. Congress was convoked at the outbreak of the emergency. convocation, N.【根】viv = life, "生命"【记】(con共同+viv生命+ial......的→共同活跃的→欢乐的)

consolidation

[kənˌsɔlɪˈdeɪʃən] N. /巩固，合并/unification; process of becoming firmer or stronger. The recent consolidation of several small airlines into one major company has left observers of the industry ,wondering whether room still exists for the "little guy" in aviation. consolidate, V.

coincidence

[kəuˈinsidəns] N. /巧合/two or more things occurring at the same time by chance. Was it just a coincidence that John and she had chanced to meet at the market for three days running, or was he deliberately trying to seek her out? coincidental, ADJ.【根】cid1.= fall, "落下,降临"; 2. 引申为偶然发生【记】(co共同+in进入+cid落下+ence→共同落进)

cohesion

[kəʊˈhi:ʒən] N. /内聚力；黏度/tendency to keep together. A firm believer in the maxim "Divide and conquer," the evil emperor, by means of lies and trickery, sought to disrupt the cohesion of the federation of free nations.

cohere

[kəʊˈhɪə] V. / 粘住的/stick together. Solids have a greater tendency to cohere than liquids.【根】here = stick, "粘附"【记】（co共同+here→共同粘→连贯）

coquette

[kəʊˈket] N. /卖弄风情的女子 /flirt. Because she refused to give him an answer to his proposal of marriage, he called her a coquette. also V.【记】(coquet卖弄风情+ette小的东西或状态→coquette)

collage

[kəʊˈlɑ:ʒ, kə-] N. /拼贴画/work of art put together from fragments. Scraps of cloth, paper doilies, and old photographs all went into her collage.【记】(col共同+lage表状态)

coagulate

[kəʊˈægjəˌleɪt] V. /凝结/thicken; congeal; clot. Even after you remove the pudding from the burner, it will continue to coagulate as it stands; therefore, do not overcook the pudding, lest it become too thick.

coercion

[kəʊˈɜ:ʒən,-ʃən] N. /威逼，强迫/use of force to get someone to obey. The inquisitors used both physical and psychological coercion to force Joan of Arc to deny that her visions were sent by God. coerce,V.

cabal

[kəˈbæl] N. /内阁/small group of persons secretly united to promote their own interests. The cabal was defeated when their scheme was discovered.

cadaver

[kəˈdævə] N. /尸体/corpse. In some states, it is illegal to dissect cadavers.【根】Cadaver = corpse "尸体"

cadaverous

[kəˈdævərəs] ADJ. /尸体似的，苍白的/like a corpse; pale. By his cadaverous appearance, we could see how the disease had ravaged him.

cajole

[kəˈdʒəʊl] V. /哄骗，勾引/coax; wheedle. Diane tried to cajole her father into letting her drive the family car.

cacophonous

[kəˈkɔfənəs] ADJ. /不和谐/discordant; inharmonious. Do the students in the orchestra enjoy the cacophonous sounds they make when they're tuning up? I don't know how they can stand the racket. cacophony, N.【根】phon = sound, "声音"

kaleidoscope

[kəˈlaɪdəˌskəʊp] N. /万花筒/tube in which patterns made by thereflection in mirrors of colored pieces of glass, etc., produceinteresting symmetrical effects. People found a new source of entertainment while peering through the kaleidoscope;they foundthe ever-changing patterns fascinating.

collate

[kəˈleɪt, ˈkɔlˌeɪt, ˈkəʊˌleɪt] V. /校对，整理/examine in order to verify authenticity; arrange in order. They collated the newly found manuscripts to determine their age.【根】late = bring out, "拿出,带出,放"【记】（col共同+late→ [把两者]放在一起→校对）

collusion

[kəˈlu:ʒn] N. /勾结/conspiring in a fraudulent scheme. The swindlers were found guilty of collusion.【根】lud,lus = play, "玩，戏剧"【记】（col共同+lus+ion)

collaborate

[kəˈlæbəˌreɪt] V. /协作，合作/work together. Two writers collaborated in preparing this book.【根】labor = labor, "劳动"【记】(col共同+labor劳动+ate表动词→共同劳作→合作)

collateral

[kəˈlætərəl] N. /抵押品/security given for loan. The sum you wish to borrow is so large that it must be secured by collateral.

colossal

[kəˈlɔsl] ADJ. /巨大/huge. Radio City Music Hall has a colossal stage.

figment

[ˈfɪgmənt] N. /发明；臆造的事务/invention; imaginary thing. That incident never took place; it is a figment of your imagination.【根】fict,fig = feign 假装

colloquial

[kəˈləʊkwi:əl] ADJ. /口语的/pertaining to conversational or common speech. Some of the new, less formal reading passages on SAT I have a colloquial tone that is intended to make them more appealing to students.【根】loqu,locu = speak, "说话"【记】（col共同+loqu+ial→共同说→口语）

calligraphy

[kəˈlɪgrəfi:] N. /漂亮的书法/beautiful writing; excellent penmanship. As we examine ancient manuscripts, we become impressed with the calligraphy of the scribes.【根】cal = beautiful（美丽）graphy = write "写，图"

commemorate

[kəˈmeməreit] V. /纪念/honor the memory of. The statue of the Minute Man commemorates the valiant soldiers who fought in the Revolutionary War.【根】memor = memory, "记忆"【记】(com共同+memor记住+ate表动词→大家一起记住→纪念)

commensurate

[kəˈmensərɪt, -ʃə-] ADJ. /相当的，相称的/equal in extent. Your reward will be commensurate with your effort.【根】mens = measure, "计量,测量"等【记】(com共同+mens计量,测量+urate = ate表形容词→测量尺寸相同)

chameleon

[kəˈmi:ljən, -ˈmi:li:ən] N. /变色龙/lizard that changes color in different situations. Like the chameleon, he assumed the political thinking of every group he met.

communal

[kəˈmju:nəl, ˈkɔmjə-] ADJ. /公共的/held in common; of a group of people. When they were divorced, they had trouble dividing their communal property.【根】mun= "服务,职责,社区,公共"【记】(com共同+mun社区+al→共同的社区→公社的,引申为交流)

commodious

[kəˈməʊdi:əs] ADJ. /宽敞，舒适/spacious and comfortable. After sleeping in small roadside cabins, they found their hotel suite commodious.【根】mod = mode,manner, "量度,方式，模式，风度"【记】（com共同+mod模式；范围+ious→大家都有范围→宽敞的）

commiserate

[kəˈmɪzəˌreɪt] V. /怜悯，同情/feel or express pity or sympathy for. Her friends commiserated with the widow.【根】miser = wretched, "可怜的"【记】(com共同+miser可怜的+ate表动词→共同可怜→同情)

curmudgeon

[kəˈmʌdʒən] N. / 脾气坏的人，爱争吵的家伙 /churlish, miserly individual. Although he was regarded by many as a curmudgeon, a few of us were aware of the many kindnessesand acts of charity that he secretly performed.

connivance

[kəˈnaɪvəns] N. / 纵容，默许 /assistance; pretense of ignorance of something wrong; permission to offend. With the connivance of his friends, he plotted to embarrass the teacher. connive, V.

connubial

[kəˈnju:bjəl] ADJ. / 婚姻的，配偶的 /pertaining to marriage or the matrimonial state. In his telegram, he wished the newlyweds a lifetime of connubial bliss.

conundrum

[kəˈnʌndrəm] N. /（答案有双关意义的）谜语，难题 /riddle. During the long car ride, she invented conundrums to entertain the children.【记】（conun+drum→蒙在鼓里的→）

capacious

[kəˈpeɪʃəs] ADJ. /宽敞的/spacious. In the capacious rotunda of the railroad terminal, thousands of travelers lingered while waiting for their train.【根】cap1.= take/hold/seize,,"拿,抓,握住"; 2.= head, "头"【记】(cap拿,抓,握住+acity表名词→拿住的能力→容量;才能)

caprice

[kəˈpri:s] N. /反复无常；一时幻想；奇怪的想法/sudden, unexpected fancy; whim. On a caprice, Jack tried drag-racing, but paid the price-his father took his chevy caprice away from him.【根】Capr = goat "羊"【记】（capr羊+ice像羊一样乱跳的→反复无常）

capricious

[kəˈprɪʃəs, -ˈpri:ʃəs] ADJ. /反复无常的/unpredictable; fickle. The storm was capricious: it changed course constantly. Jill was capricious, too: she changed boyfriends almost as often as she changed clothes.【根】Capr = goat "羊"

capacity

[kəˈpæsiti] N. /能力；角色/mental or physical ability; role; ability to accommodate. Mike had the capacity to handle several jobs at once. In his capacity as president of SelecTronics he marketed an electronic dictionary with a capacity of 200,000 words.【根】cap1.= take/hold/seize,,"拿,抓,握住"; 2.= head, "头"【记】(cap拿,抓,握住+acity表名词→拿住的能力→容量;才能)

capitulate

[kəˈpɪtʃəˌleɪt] V. /投降/surrender. The enemy was warned to capitulate or face annihilation.【根】capit = head, "头"【记】(capit头+ul+ate表动词→头低下→投降)

careen

[kəˈri:n] V. /倾斜/lurch; sway from side to side. The taxicab careened wildly as it rounded the corner.

corroborate

[kəˈrɔbəˌreɪt] V. /使坚固，确证/confirm; support. Though Huck was quite willing to corroborate Tom's story, Aunt Polly knew better than to believe either of them.【根】robor = strength, "力量"【记】(cor共同+robor力量+ate表动词→共同有力量→证实)

corollary

[kəˈrɔləri] N. /必然的结果，推论/consequence; accompaniment. Brotherly love is a complex emotion, with sibling rivalry its natural corollary.

corrode

[kəˈrəud] V. /使腐蚀，侵蚀/destroy by chemical action. The girders supporting the bridge corroded so gradually that no one suspected any danger until the bridge suddenly collapse d. corrosion, N.【根】rod = bite, "咬"【记】(cor全部+rod咬+e→全部咬掉→腐蚀)

corrosive

[kəˈrəʊsɪv, -zɪv] ADJ. /腐蚀的，蚀坏的/eating away by chemicals or disease. Stainless steel is able to withstand the effects of corrosive chemicals. corrode, V.【根】ros = bite, "咬"【记】(cor全部+ros咬+ive......的→全部咬掉)

charisma

[kəˈrɪzmə] N. /魅力/divine gift; great popular charm or appeal of a political leader Political commentators have deplored the importance of a candidate's charisma in these days of television campaigning.

catastrophe

[kəˈtæstrəfi] N. /灾难/calamity; disaster. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was a catastrophe that destroyed most of the city. A similar earthquake striking today could have even more catastrophic results.

catharsis

[kəˈθɑ:sɪs] N. /导泻，通便；疏泄/purging or cleansing of any passage of the body. Aristotle maintained that tragedy created a catharsis by purging the soul of base concepts.【根】cathar = pure,"纯洁"

kinetic

[kɪˈnetɪk, kaɪ-] ADJ. /运动的；运动学的/producing motion. Designers of theelectric automobile find that their greatest obstaclelies in the development of light and efficient storage batteries, the source of the kinetic energy needed to propel the vehicle.

cull

[kʌl] V. /精选/pick out; reject. Every month the farmer culls the non-laying hens from his flock and sells them to the local butcher. also N.

comeuppance

[kʌmˈʌpəns] N. /报应/rebuke; deserts. After his earlier rudeness, we were delighted to see him get his comeuppance.

knave

[neɪv] N. /流氓；无赖；恶棍 /untrustworthy person; rogue; scoundrel. Any politician nicknamed Tricky Dick clearly has the reputation of a knave. knavery, N.

knit

[nit] [ V. /编织；结合/contract into wrinkles; grow together. Whenever David worries, his brow knits in a frown. When he broke his leg, he sat around the house all day waiting for thebones to knit.

gnarled

[nɑ:ld] ADJ. /扭曲/twisted . The gnarled oak tree had been a landmark for years and was mentioned in several deeds.

knoll

[nəʊl] N. /小山包/little round hill. Robert Louis Stevenson's grave is on a knoll in Samoa; to reach the grave site, you must climb uphilland walk a short distance along a marked path.

gnome

[nəʊm] N. /地精；小矮人；土地公公/dwarf; underground spirit. Inmedieval mythology, gnomes were the special guardians andinhabitants of subterranean mines.

cite

[sait] V. /引用；掌握/quote; command. She could cite passages in the Bible from memory. citation, N.【根】cit = quote,call, "引用，唤起"

censorious

[senˈsɔ:ri:əs, -ˈsəʊr-] ADJ. /批判的/critical. Censorious people delight in casting blame.【根】cens = judge,"判断"

centurion

[senˈtjuəriən] N. /百夫长/Roman army officer. Because he was in command of a company of one hundred soldiers, he was called a centurion.【根】cent = hundred,"一百"；

centrifugal

[senˈtrɪfjəgəl, -ˈtrɪfə-] ADJ. /离心；放射/radiating; departing from the center. Many automatic drying machines remove excess moisture from clothing by centrifugal force.【根】centr = center, "中心" fug = flee, "离开"【记】（centri中心+fug离开+al→离开中心的→离心）

centripetal

[senˈtrɪpɪtl] ADJ. /向心/tending toward the center. Does centripetal force or the force of gravity bring orbiting bodies to the earth's surface?【根】centr = center, "中心" pet = seek "追求，寻求"【记】(centri = centr中心+pet追+al......的→追求中心的→向心的)

cessation

[seˈseɪʃən] N. /停止/stoppage. The airline's employees threatened a cessation of all work if management failed to meet their demands. cease,V.【根】cess = stop,"停止"

cede

[si:d] V. /放弃；屈服于；投降 /yield (title, territory) to; surrender formally. Eventually the descendants of England's Henry II were forced to cede their French territories to the King of France.

circuitous

[səˈkju:ɪtəs] ADJ. /迂回的/roundabout. To avoid the traffic congestion on the main highways, she took a circuitous route. circuit, N.【根】circ = ring/circle, "圆,环"【记】(circu = circ圆,环+it走+ous→环行的)

celerity

[səˈlerɪti:] N. /速度/speed; rapidity. Hamlet resented his mother's celerity in remarrying within a month after his father's death.【根】celer = quick，speed "快，速"

celestial

[səˈlestʃəl] ADJ. /天体的/heavenly. She spoke of the celestial joys that awaited virtuous souls in the hereafter.【根】cel = heaven,"天空"

chide

[tʃaɪd] V. /斥责/scold. Grandma began to chide Steven for his lying.

check

[tʃek] V. /控制；阻止/stop motion; curb or restrain. Thrusting out her arm , Grandma checked Bobby's lunge at his sister. "Young man," she said, "you'd better check your temper." (secondary meaning)

chafe

[tʃeɪf] V. /摩擦；擦热/warm by rubbing; make sore (by rubbing). Chilled, he chafed his hands before the fire. The collar of his school uniform chafed Tom's neck, but not as much the school's strict rules chafed his spirit. also N.【记】擦cha，抚fe,摩擦

chaste

[tʃeɪst] ADJ. /纯的/pure. Her chaste and decorous garb was appropriately selected for the solemnity of the occasion. chastity, N.

cherubic

[tʃeˈru:bik] ADJ. /天真无邪/angelic; innocent-looking. With her cheerful smile and rosy cheeks, she was a particularly cherubic child.

chaff

[tʃæf] N. /废物；糠；假货；开玩笑；打趣/worthless products of an endeavor. When you separate the wheat from the chaff, be sure you throw out the chaff.

chastise

[tʃæsˈtaɪz, ˈtʃæsˌtaɪz] V. /惩罚/punish. I must chastise you for this offense.

vex

[veks]vt.使烦恼； 使苦恼； 使生气； 详细讨论;v.〈诗〉使激荡，使汹涌； 纷纷议论； 长期争论

abjure

[æbˈdʒʊə] V. /发誓放弃/renounce upon oath. He abjured his allegiance to the king. abjuration, N.【根】jur = swear/law, "发誓,法律;正确,正直"【记】(ab离开+jure = jur发誓,法律;正确,正直→发誓离开→放弃→誓绝)

abhor

[æbˈhɔ:] V. /憎恨/ detest; hate. She abhorred all forms of bigotry . abhorrence, N.【根】hor = shudder,dread, "颤抖,害怕"【记】(ab 动作+hor颤抖,害怕→又怕又恨→憎恨)

cloister

[ˈklɔɪstə] N. /修道院/monastery or convent. The nuns lived a secluded life in the cloister.

abscond

[æbˈskɔnd] V. /隐匿，逃避，躲债 /depart secretly and hide. The teller who absconded with the bonds went uncaptured until someone recognized him from his photograph on "America's Most Wanted."【根】cond= hid, "藏"【记】(abs离去+cond藏→藏起来离去→潜逃)

abstemious

[æbˈsti:mi:əs, əb-] ADJ. /节制（饮食），调节/sparing in eating and drinking; temperate. Concerned whether her vegetarian son's abstemious diet provided him with sufficient protein, the worried mother pressed food on him.

abstruse

[æbˈstru:s, əb-] ADJ. /难以理解的，复杂的/obscure; profound; difficult to understand. She carries around abstruse works of philosophy, not because she understands them but because she wants her friends to think she does.【根】trus = push, "推"【记】(abs离开+trus推+e→离开 [人的知识],理解不能推进→高深的)

adherent

[ædˈhɪərənt, -ˈher-] N. /支持者，追随者/supporter; follower. In the wake of the scandal, the senator's one-time adherents quickly deserted him.【根】here = stick, "粘附"【记】(adhere [v.坚持]+ent......人→adherent拥护者)

admonish

[ædˈmɔnɪʃ] V. /警告，训斥/warn; reprove. He admonished his listeners to change their wicked ways. admonition, N.【根】mon, monit= warn, "警告"【记】（ad加强+mon+ish→加强警告→训诫）

adversity

[ædˈvɜ:sɪti:] N. /贫困，不幸/poverty; misfortune. We must learn to meet adversity gracefully.【根】vers= turn, "转"【记】(adverse [adj.逆的,相反的;敌对的;不利的;有害的]+ity表名词→n.不幸,灾难)

agnostic

[ægˈnɔstɪk] N. /不知论者/one who is skeptical of the existence or know ability of a god or any ultimate reality. Agnostics say we can neither prove nor disprove the existence of god; we simply just can't know. also ADJ.【根】gnos(t),gnor = know, "知道"【记】（a不+ gnost+ic→不知道的）

accelerate

[ækˈseləreit] V. /加速/move faster. In our science class, we learn how falling bodies accelerate.【根】celer = quick/speed, "快,速度"【记】(ac加强+celer速度→一再增加速度)

accentuate

[ækˈsentʃu:ˌeɪt] V. /强调，重音/emphasize; stress. If you accentuate the pos¬itive and eliminate the negative, you may wind up with an overoptimistic view of the world.【根】cent1.= hundred, "百,百分之一"; 2.= sing/song, "唱,歌"【记】(accent [ [n.口音;重音]]匾+uate = ate表动词→强调)

accessible

[ækˈsesəbəl] ADJ. /可得到的/easy to approach; obtainable. We asked our guide whether the ruins were accessible on foot.【根】cess = go, "行走,前进"【记】(access [n.接近;入口 v.存取, 接近]+ible能......的→adj.能接近的;可进去的)

accessory

[ækˈsesəri] N. /附件/additional object; useful but not essential thing. She bought an attractive handbag as an accessory for her dress. also ADJ.【根】cess = go, "行走,前进"【记】(access接近+ory表形容词或名词→接近的物→附加物,附属的)

accede

[ækˈsi:d] V. /同意/agree. If I accede to this demand for blackmail, I am afraid that I will be the victim of future demands.【根】ced = go, "行走,前进"【记】（ac+cede→和别人走在一起→同意，答应）

ambiguous

[æmˈbiɡjuəs] ADJ. /模棱两可/unclear or doubtful in meaning. His ambiguous instructions misled us; we did not know which road to take. ambiguity, N.【记】（ambi两个+guous→两个之间的→ 环境）

ambivalence

[æmˈbɪvələns] N. /矛盾的观点或情绪/the state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes. Torn between loving her parents one minute and hating them the next, she was confused by the ambivalence of her feelings. ambivalent, ADJ.

amphibian

[æmˈfɪbi:ən] ADJ. /两栖的/able to live both on land and in water. Frogs are classified as amphibian. also N.【根】bi = life, "生命,生物"【记】(amphi两个,两种+bi生命+an...地方...人或动物等→两个生命→两栖动物)

amnesia

[æmˈni:ʒə] N. /失忆，健忘/loss of memory. Because she was suffering from amnesia, the police could not get the young girl to identify herself.【根】mnes，mnem = remember,"记忆"【记】（a无+mnes+ia病→无记忆病→健忘症）

ingenue

[ænʒeiˈnju:] N. /天真无邪的少女；扮演天真无邪的少女的女演员/an artless girl; an actress who plays such parts. Although she was forty, shestill insisted that she be cast as an ingenue and refused to playmore mature roles.

antagonism

[ænˈtæɡənizəm] N. /反抗，敌对/hostility; active resistance. Barry showed his antagonism toward his new stepmother by ignoring her whenever she tried talking to him. antagonistic, ADJ.【根】agon = struggle,"挣扎，斗争" 【记】（ant [ = anti反]+agon+ism→反斗争→反抗）

antipathy

[ænˈtɪpəθi:] N. / 反对，厌恶 /aversion; dislike. Tom's extreme antipathy for disputes keeps him from getting into arguments with his temperamental wife. Noise in any form is antipathetic to him. Among his other antipathies are honking cars, boom boxes, and heavy metal rock.【根】path = feeling,suffering,illness, "感情,痛苦,病"【记】（anti反+path+y→反感情）

antithesis

[ænˈtɪθɪsɪs] N. /对立面/contrast; direct opposite of or to. This tyranny was the antithesis of all that he had hoped for, and he fought it with all his strength.【根】thesis = to put,place, "放置,引申为论文,观点"【记】（anti反+thesis→反着放→对立）

anthology

[ænˈθɔlədʒi:] N. /选集/book of literary selections by various authors. This anthology of science fiction was compiled by the late Isaac Asimov. anthologize, V.【根】anth(o)=flower【记】(anth+ology学→像采花一样采集精品)

aberrant

[æˈberənt, ˈæbə-] N. /不正常的/abnormal or deviant. Given the aberrant nature of the data, we doubted the validity of the entire experiment. also N.【根】err = wander/mistake, "漫游,犯错误"【记】（ab离开+errant错误的→离开 [正确]走向错误→越轨的）

fickle

[ˈfɪkəl] ADJ. /变化无常的；薄情的/changeable; faithless. As soon as Romeo saw Juliet, he forgot all about his old girlfriendRosaline. Was Romeo fickle?

asperity

[æˈsperɪti:] N. /严酷，粗暴/sharpness (of temper). These remarks, spoken with asperity, stung the boys to whom they had been directed.【根】sper = hope, "希望"【记】(a不+sper希望+ity表名词→不给人希望→粗鲁,暴力)

ensemble

[ɑ:nˈsɑ:mbl] N. /全体；歌舞团；套装/group of (supporting) players; organic unity; costume. As a dancer with the Oakland Ballet, Benjamin enjoyed being part of the ensemble. Havingacted with one another for well over a decade, the cast members have developed a true sense of ensemble: They work together seamlessly. Mitzi wore a charming two- piece ensemble designedby Donna Karan.

arcade

[ɑ:ˈkeɪd] N. /拱廊/a covered passageway, usually lined with shops. The arcade was popular with shoppers because it gave them protection from the summer sun and the winter rain.【根】arc（h） = bow,"弓"【记】（arc+ade表名词）

arcane

[ɑ:ˈkeɪn] ADJ. /秘密；谜/secret; mysterious; known only to the initiated. Secret brotherhoods surround themselves with arcane rituals and trappings to mystify outsiders. So do doctors. Consider the arcane terminology they use and the impression they try to give that what is arcane to us is obvious to them.

archaic

[ɑ:ˈkeɪɪk] ADJ. /过时的/antiquated. "Methinks," "thee," and "thou" are archaic words that are no longer part of our normal vocabulary.【根】archaeo = old,,"古"【记】（archa古代的，原始的+ic－过时的）

armada

[ɑ:ˈmɑ:də, -ˈmeɪ-] N. /舰队/fleet of warships. Queen Elizabeth's navy defeated the mighty armada that threatened the English coast.【根】arm = weapon, "武器,臂"

articulate

[ɑ:ˈtikjulit] ADJ. / 发音清晰的； 善于表达的,有效的；独特的/effective; distinct. Her articulate presentation of the advertising campaign impressed her employers. also V.【根】art = joint ,"关节"

awe

[ɔ:] N. /敬畏/solemn wonder. The tourists gazed with awe at the tremendous expanse of the Grand Canyon.

augment

[ɔ:ɡˈment] V. /增长/increase; add to. Armies augment their forces by calling up reinforcements; teachers augment their salaries by taking odd jobs.【根】aug = increase, "增加"【记】(aug+ment)

auxiliary

[ɔ:ɡˈziljəri] ADJ. / 辅助的/helper, additional or subsidiary. To prepare for the emergency, they built an auxiliary power station. also N.【根】aux = increase, "增长"

audacious

[ɔ:ˈdeɪʃəs] ADJ. /大胆的；鲁莽的/daring; bold. Audiences cheered as Luke Skywalker and Princess Lei a made their audacious, death defying leap to freedom, escaping Darth Vader's troops. audacity, N.

auroral

[ɔ:ˈrɔ:rəl] ADJ. /曙光的，极光的/pertaining to the aurora borealis. The auroral display was particularly spectacular that evening.【根】aur 1 = gold,"金"2 = ear, "耳朵"，【记】

auspicious

[ɔ:ˈspɪʃəs] ADJ. /幸运的，吉祥的/favoring success. With favorable weather conditions, it was an auspicious moment to set sail. Thomas, however, had doubts about sailing: a paranoid, he became suspicious whenever conditions seemed auspicious.【根】spic = look/see, "看"【记】（au鸟+spic+ious→看到鸟 [喜鹊]→吉兆的）

automaton

[ɔ:ˈtɔmətən] N. /机器人/mechanism that imitates actions of humans. Long before science fiction readers became aware of robots, writers were presenting stories of automatons who could outperform men.

autonomous

[ɔ:ˈtɔnəməs] ADJ. /自治/self-governing. Although the University of California at Berkeley is just one part of the state university system, in many ways Cal Berkeley is autonomous, for it runs several programs that are not subject to outside control. autonomy, N.

august

[ɔ:ˈɡʌst] ADJ. /威严的；令人印象深刻的/impressive; majestic. Visiting the palace at Versailles, she was impressed by the august surroundings in which she found herself.【根】aug = increase, "增加"【记】（August 英 [ˈɔ:gəst]美 ['ɔɡəst] adj.尊严的，威严的，令人敬畏的； 威风凛凛的； 堂堂的，雄赳赳的 n.八月（简写为Aug）； 奥古斯特）

authenticate

[ɔ:ˈθentɪˌkeɪt] V. /鉴别/prove genuine. An expert was needed to authenticate the original Van Gogh painting, distinguishing it from its imitation.

authoritative

[ɔ:ˈθɔritətiv] ADJ. /权威；独裁/having the weight of authority; peremptory and dictatorial. Impressed by the young researcher's well-documented presentation, we accepted her analysis of the experiment as authoritative.

austere

[ɔsˈtiə] ADJ. /严厉的；朴素的/forbiddingly stern; severely simple and unornamented. The headmaster's austere demeanor tended to scare off the more timid students, who never visited his study willingly. The room reflected the man, austere and bare, like a monk's cell, with no touches of luxury to moderate its austerity.【根】auster = severe,："严重的"

ennui

[ɔˈnwi:] N. /厌倦/boredom. The monotonous routine of hospital life induced a feeling of ennui that made him moodyand irritable.

amenities

[ə'mi:niti; ə'mi:nəti] N. /令人愉快的，礼貌的/convenient features; courtesies. In addition to the customary amenities for the business traveler-fax machines, modems, a health club-the hotel offers the services of a butler versed in the social amenities.【根】am = love, "爱,情爱"

agglomeration

[ə.glɔmər'eiʃən; ə.glɔmə'reiʃən] N. /聚集，累积 /collection; heap. It took weeks to assort the agglomeration of miscellaneous items she had collected on her trip.

abduction

[əbˈdʌkʃən] N. /绑架/kidnapping. The movie Ransom describes the attempts to rescue a multimillionaire's son after the child's abduction by kidnappers. abduct, V.【根】duc,duct = lead,bring, "引导，带来"【记】（ab 离开+duc+tion名词→引开→诱拐）

abstain

[əbˈstein] V. /控制，限制（自己）/refrain; hold oneself back voluntarily from an action or practice. After considering the effect of alcohol on his athletic performance, he decided to abstain from drink¬ing while he trained for the race. abstinence, N.

absorb

[əbˈsɔ:b] V. /吸收，合并,吸引/assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; wholly engage. During the nineteenth century, America absorbed hordes of immigrants, turning them into productive citizens. Can Huggies diapers absorb more liquid than Pampers can? This question does not absorb me; instead, it bores me. absorption, N.

absolve

[əbˈzɔlv, -ˈsɔlv] V. /谅解，免除责任/pardon (an offense). The father confessor absolved him of his sins . absolution, N.【根】solv = loosen, "溶解,解决,松开"【记】（ab+solve→松开→免罪）

adhere

[ədˈhiə] V. /黏着/stick fast. I will adhere to this opinion until proof that I am wrong is presented. adhesion, N.【根】here = stick, "粘附"【记】(ad增加+here粘→粘在一起→坚持)

acknowledge

[əkˈnɔlidʒ] V. /认可，承认/recognize; admit. Although I acknowledge that the Beatles' tunes sound pretty dated today, I still prefer them to the "gangsta rap" songs my brothers play.

ascribe

[əsˈkraib] V. /归因于；指派/refer; attribute; assign. I can ascribe no motive for her acts.【根】scrib = write, "写"

aspire

[əsˈpaiə] V. /热望；热心于 /seek to attain; long for. Because he aspired to a career in professional sports, Philip enrolled in a graduate program in sports management. aspiration, N.【根】spir = breathe, "呼吸,精神"【记】（a加强+spire→看到渴望的东西加强呼吸→热望）

abet

[əˈbet] V. /帮助，鼓励/aid, usually in doing something wrong; encourage. She was unwilling to abet him in the swindle he had planned.

abase

[əˈbeɪs] V. /降低，羞辱(身份、地位)/ lower; humiliate . Defeated, Queen Zenobia was forced to abase herself before the conquering Romans, who made her march in chains before the emperor in the procession celebrating his triumph. abasement, N.【根】base= low/foundation, "低下,基础"【记】(a使+base低→使自己低→降低)

abate

[əˈbeɪt] V. /（强度、数量、活性）减弱，减少/subside; decrease, lessen. Rather than leaving immediately, they waited for the storm to abate. abatement, N.【根】bat = beat, "打,击"【记】(a不+bat打,击+e→不再打击→减轻 [痛苦]等)

abeyance

[əˈbeɪəns] N. /悬而未决/suspended action. The deal was held in abeyance until her arrival.

abusive

[əˈbju:sɪv, -zɪv] ADJ. /粗俗的侮辱，对身体有害的/coarsely insulting; physically harmful. An abusive parent damages a child both mentally and physically.【根】us = use, "用"【记】（abuse [n.&v.滥用]+ive......的→adj.辱骂的,诅咒的)

ablution

[əˈblu:ʃən, æˈblu:-] N. /洗, 净身礼/washing. His daily ablutions were accompanied by loud noises that he humorously labeled "Opera in the Bath." Ablutionary adj.沐浴的，洗礼的【根】lut = wash, "洗,冲"【记】(ab去掉+lut洗,冲+ion表名词→洗掉 [脏东西]→沐浴)

abrade

[əˈbreɪd] V. /磨损，侵蚀/wear away by friction; scrape; erode. The sharp rocks abraded the skin on her legs, so she put iodine on her abrasions.【根】rad = scrape, "刮插"【记】(ab去掉+rad刮插+e→磨擦掉)

abrasive

[əˈbreɪsɪv] ADJ. /摩擦的，粗糙的，研磨剂/rubbing away; tending to grind down. Just as abrasive cleaning powders can wear away a shiny finish, abrasive remarks can wear away a listener's patience. abrade, V.【根】ras= scrape, "刮插"【记】(ab去掉+ras刮插+ive......的→adj.使表面磨损的;粗糙的;恼人的)

abbreviate

[əˈbri:vi:ˌeɪt] V. /减短，缩写/shorten. Because we were running out of time, the lecturer had to abbreviate her speech.【根】brev = short, "短,缩短"【记】(ab再+brev短+iate表动词→再弄短→缩写)

abridge

[əˈbrɪdʒ] V. /删节，节选/condense or shorten. Because the publishers felt the public wanted a shorter version of War and Peace, they proceeded to abridge the novel.【根】bridg = short, "短,缩短"【记】(a再+bridg短+e→v.删减,缩短)

abash

[əˈbæʃ] V. /使难堪/embarrass. He was not at all abashed by her open admiration.【记】一（a）把（b）灰（ash）撒向别人，使他难堪

abortive

[əˈbɔ:tɪv] ADJ. /不成功的，失败/unsuccessful; fruitless. Attacked by armed troops, the Chinese students had to abandon their abortive attempt to democratize Beijing peacefully. abort, V.

abolish

[əˈbɔliʃ] V. /废除/cancel; put an end to. The president of the college refused to abolish the physical education requirement. abolition, N.【根】bol = throw, dance, ball, "抛，舞，球"【记】（a+bol+ish）

abominable

[əˈbɔmənəbəl] ADJ. /可恶的，非常糟糕/detestable; extremely unpleasant; very bad. Mary liked John until she learned he was dating Susan; then she called him an abominable young man, with abominable taste in women.【根】omin = omen（预兆）【记】（ab离开+omin+ate—离开,凶兆—憎恨凶兆）

abyss

[əˈbɪs] N. /深渊，深坑，无底洞 /enormous chasm; vast bottomless pit. Darth Vader seized the evil emperor and hurled him down into the abyss.【根】byss = borrom, "底"

abysmal

[əˈbɪzməl] ADJ. /无底的/bottomless. His arrogance is exceeded only by his abysmal ignorance. 【根】byss = borrom, "底"【记】ab岸边都能淹y死s猫mal

abundant

[əˈbʌndənt] ADJ. /丰富，富足/plentiful; possessing riches or resources. At his immigration interview, Ivan listed his abundant rea¬sons for coming to America: the hope of religious freedom, the prospect of employment, the promise of a more abun¬dant life.【根】und= wave,"波动" 【记】（ab加强+und+ant→ [多得]象波浪一样→丰富的）

abut

[əˈbʌt] V. /毗邻/border upon; adjoin. Where our estates abut, we must build a fence.

addendum

[əˈdendəm] N. /附加，补充/an addition or supplement. As an addendum to the minutes, let me point out that Susan moved to appoint Kathy and Arthur to the finance committee.【记】add增加，end尾部－在一本书的尾部增的部分－附录

address

[əˈdres] V. /发表（演讲），处理，讨论/direct a speech to; deal with or discuss. Due to address the convention in July, Brown planned to address the issue of low-income housing in his speech.【根】dress1."整理,装饰"; 2.= direct, "直接的,指引"【记】(ad向+dress直接的,指引→地址)

adroit

[əˈdrɔɪt] ADJ. /熟练，有技巧/skillful. His adroit handling of the delicate situation pleased his employers.

adulation

[əˈdrɔɪt] N. /奉承，恭维/flattery; admiration. The rock star thrived on the adulation of his groupies and yes men. adulate,V.

adapt

[əˈdæpt] V. /改变/alter; modify. Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a chang¬ing environment.【根】apt = fit/ability, "适应,能力"【记】adapt适应（ad+apt能力→有适应能力）

adorn

[əˈdɔ:n] V. /装饰/decorate. Wall paintings and carved statues adorned the temple. adornment, N.【根】orn = embellish, "装饰"【记】(ad加强+orn装饰→v.装饰)

addiction

[əˈdɪkʃən] N. /瘾，依赖/compulsive, habitual need. His addiction to drugs caused his friends much grief.【根】dict = say/assert, "说话,断言,写"

adulterate

[əˈdʌltəˌreɪt] V. /掺杂/make impure by adding inferior or tainted substances. It is a crime to adulterate foods without informing the buyer; when consumers learned that Beech-Nut had adulterated their apple juice by mixing it with water, they protested vigorously. (ad = to+ulter = alter+ate)

adjacent

[əˈdʒeisənt] ADJ. /邻近的，毗邻的/adjoining; neighboring; close by. Philip's best friend Jason lived only four houses down the block, close but not immediately adjacent.【根】jac = lie（躺） circumjacent 周围的

agenda

[əˈdʒendə] N. /议程/items of business at a meeting. We had so much difficulty agreeing upon an agenda that there was very little time for the meeting.【根】ag = do, act,,"做，代理做"【记】（ag+enda 复数→做的事情→议程）

agility

[əˈdʒiliti] N. /敏捷/nimbleness. The agility of the acrobat amazed and thrill ed the audience.

affected

[əˈfektɪd] ADJ. /假装的，做作的/artificial; pretended; assumed in order to impress. His affected mannerisms-his "Harvard" accent, his air of boredom, his use of obscure foreign words bugged us: he acted as if he thought he was too good for his old high school friends. affectation, N.【根】fect = do,make,"做,制作" affect 影响【记】（affect 影响+ed→被影响的→被感动的）

aphasia

[əˈfeɪʒə] N. /失声/loss of speech due to injury or illness. After the automobile accident, the victim had periods of aphasia when he could not speak at all or could only mumble incoherently.

affliction

[əˈflɪkʃən] N. /痛苦/state of distress; cause of suffering. Even in the midst of her affliction, Elizabeth tried to keep up the spirits of those around her.【根】flict = strike, "打击"【记】(af一再+flict打+ion表名词→一再打→折磨)

affront

[əˈfrʌnt] N. /侮辱，冒犯；蓄意蔑视/insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect. When Mrs. Proudie was not seated beside the Archdeacon at the head table, she took it as a personal affront and refused to speak to her hosts for a week. alsoV.【根】front = forehead,"前额"【记】（ar一再+front→一再到 [别人]面前去→冒犯 [别人]）

affix

[əˈfɪks] V. /增加，附于/fasten; attach; add on. First the registrar had to affix her signature to the license; then she had to affix her official seal.【根】fix = fix, "固定"【记】(af加强+fix固定→固定上去)

affinity

[əˈfɪnɪti:] N. /亲缘关系/kinship. She felt an affinity with all who suffered; their pains were her pains.【根】fin = end,boundary, "结束，范围"【记】（af+fin范围+ity→一再能进 [别人]范围→亲密）

aggressor

[əˈgresə] N. /侵略者,攻击者/attacker. Before you punish both boys for fighting, see whether you can determine which one was the aggressor.【根】gress = .go,walk, "行走"【记】（ag再→gress+or人→一再往前走的人→攻击侵略）

agrarian

[əˈgreəri:ən] ADJ. /耕地的，耕种的 /pertaining to land or its cultivation. The country is gradually losing its agrarian occupation and turning more and more to an industrial point of view.【根】agr = field/land,,"田地,农业"等【记】（agr+arian表形容词→土地的）

aggrandize

[əˈgrænˌdaɪz, ˈægrən-] V. /增加，加强/increase or intensify. The history of the past quarter century illustrates how a President may aggrandize his power to act aggressively in international affairs without considering the wishes of Congress.

aghast

[əˈgæst] ADJ. /吓坏了的/horrified. He was aghast at the nerve of the speaker who had insulted his host.【记】俺a哥g吓ha死s了→吓坏了的

acumen

[əˈkju:mən, ˈækjə-] N. /思想敏锐/mental keenness. His business acumen helped him to succeed where others had failed.【根】acu = sour/sharp, "尖,酸,锐利"

acute

[əˈkju:t] ADJ. /精明，敏锐，聪明/quickly perceptive; keen; brief and severe. The acute young doctor realized immediately that the gradual deterioration of her patient's once acute hearing was due to a chronic illness, not an acute one.【根】acu = sour/sharp, "尖,酸,锐利"

acuity

[əˈkjuiti] N. /尖锐/sharpness. In time his youthful acuity of vision failed him, and he needed glasses.【根】acu = sour/sharp, "尖,酸,锐利"

acclimate

[əˈklaimit] V. /适应/adjust to climate. One of the difficulties of our present air age is the need of travelers to acclimate themselves to their new and often strange environments.

acclaim

[əˈkleim] V. /赞扬，表扬/applaud; announce with great approval. The NBC sportscasters acclaimed every American victory in the Olympics and decrie d every American defeat. also N.【根】claim = cyr out/shout, "呼喊,叫喊"【记】(ac一再+claim呼喊,叫喊→一再喊→欢呼)

acclivity

[əˈklɪvɪti:] N. /上山的陡坡/sharp upslope of a hill. The car would not go up the acclivity in high gear .【根】cliv1.= lean/slope, "倾斜,斜坡"; 2."床"【记】(ac向上+cliv倾斜,斜坡+ity表名词→向上斜的状态)

accretion

[əˈkri:ʃən] N. /增长/growth; increase. The accretion of wealth marked the family's rise in power.【根】cre,creas = grow,make, "增长，产生"

accrue

[əˈkru:] V. /附带的/come about by addition. You must pay the interest that has accrued on your debt as well as the principal sum. accrual, N.

acoustics

[əˈku:stɪks] N. /声学的/science of sound; quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in. Carnegie Hall is liked by music lovers because of its fine acoustics.【根】cau,cou = care ,,"小心的"，原指听，引申为小心【记】学声学acoustics就要爱a唱c欧ou式s体操tic赛s音乐

accouter

[əˈku:tə] V. /装备/equip. The fisherman was accoutered with the best that the sporting goods store could supply. accoutrements, N.【根】accoutr = dress（穿着）

acquire

[əˈkwaiə] V. /获取/obtain; get. Frederick Douglass was determined to acquire an education despite his master's efforts to prevent his doing so.【根】quir = seek/search, "寻求,询问"【记】（ac加强动作+quire寻求得到→获取）

aquatic

[əˈkwætɪk] ADJ. /与水有关系的/pertaining to water. Paul enjoyed aquatic sports such as scuba diving and snorkeling.【根】aqu = water, "水"【记】(aqu水+atic表形容词→adj.水的;水中的)

acquittal

[əˈkwɪtl] N. /无罪开释/deliverance from a charge. His acquittal by the jury surprised those who had thought him guilty. acquit, V.【根】quit1.= free, "自由"; 2. 放弃【记】（acquit [v.宣判 [某人]无罪;表现]+al表名词→acquittal宣告无罪)

accord

[əˈkɔ:d] N. /一致/agreement. She was in complete accord with the verdict .【根】cord = heart, "心脏,一致"【记】(ac加强+cord心脏,一致→心心相符)

accost

[əˈkɔ:st, əˈkɔst] V. /搭讪，邂逅/approach and speak first to a person. When the two young men accosted me, I was frightened because I thought they were going to attack me.【根】cost = side（旁边）【记】搭讪accost是要付出代价cost的

accomplice

[əˈkɔmplis] N. /共犯，同伙/partner in crime. Because he had provided the criminal with the lethal weapon, he was arrested as an accomplice in the murder.【根】plic1.= fold, "重叠,重复"; 2. 折; 3. 弯【记】（ac+com共同+plice→共同重叠在一起 [做事]→同谋）

accommodate

[əˈkɔmədeit] V. /招待，食宿，适应/oblige or help someone; adjust or bring into harmony; adapt. Mitch always did everything possible to accommodate his elderly relatives, from driving them to medical appointments to helping them with paperwork.(secondary meaning)【根】mod = mode,manner, "量度,方式,模式,风度"【记】（ac+com共同+mod+ate→方式相同→与...符合）

allege

[əˈledʒ] V. /断言/state without proof. Although it is alleged that she has worked for the enemy, she denies the allegation and, legally, we can take no action against her without proof. allegation, N.【根】leg1.= law, "法律"; 2.= speak,read, "讲,读,说"【记】(al再+leg讲,读,说+e→一再讲→宣称)

allay

[əˈleɪ] V. /平静下来，（使）冷静下来 /calm; pacify. The crew tried to allay the fears of the passengers by announcing that the fire had been controlled.【记】（al完全+lay躺下→平静下来）

allegiance

[əˈli:dʒəns] N. /忠诚/loyalty. Not even a term in prison could shake Lech Walesa's allegiance to Solidarity, the Polish trade union he had helped to found.【根】leg1.= law, "法律"; 2.= speak,read, "讲,读,说"

alleviate

[əˈli:vieit] V. /解脱，减轻，缓和/relieve. This should alleviate the pain; if it does not, we shall have to use stronger drugs.【根】lev,live = raise,lighten, "提高,举起,变轻"【记】（al一再＋levi+ate→不断轻→减轻）

allure

[əˈljuə] V. /诱惑，引诱/entice; attract. Allured by the song of the sirens, the helmsman steered the ship toward the reef. also N.

allude

[əˈlu:d] V. /暗指/refer indirectly. Try not to mention divorce in Jack's presence because he will think you are alluding to his marital problems with Jill.【根】lud,lus = play, "玩，戏剧"【记】(al不断+lude→不断演戏→不直截了当→暗指）

aloof

[əˈlu:f] ADJ. /分离，保留/apart; reserved. Shy by nature, she remained aloof while all the rest conversed.【记】保留爱a路虎loof的权利

allusion

[əˈlu:ʒən] N. /暗指，暗示/indirect reference. When Amanda said to the ticket scalper,,"One hundred bucks? What do you want, a pound of flesh?," she was making an allusion to Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice.

alacrity

[əˈlækrɪti:] N. /欢快的情绪/cheerful promptness. Phil and Dave were raring to get off to the mountains; they packed up their ski gear and climbed into the van with alacrity.【根】

aloft

[əˈlɔ:ft, əˈlɔft] ADV. /向上/upward. The sailor climbed aloft into the rigging. To get into a loft bed, you have to climb aloft.【根】loft = sky（天空）

amend

[əˈmend] V. /修订，修改，变更/correct; change, generally for the better. Hoping to amend his condition, he left Vietnam for the United States.【根】mend = free from fault, "改错"【记】（a加强+mend→不断改错→改正）

ameliorate

[əˈmi:ljəˌreɪt] V. /提高/improve. Many social workers have attempted to ameliorate the conditions of people living in the slums.【根】melior = better （更好）

amenable

[əˈmi:nəbəl, əˈmenə-] ADJ. /有服从义务的，随时服从的/readily managed; willing to be led. He was amenable to any suggestions that came from those he looked up to; he resented advice from his inferiors.

amorphous

[əˈmɔ:fəs] ADJ. / 无形的，不成形的 /formless; lacking shape or definition. As soon as we have decided on our itinerary, we shall send you a copy; right now, our plans are still amorphous.【根】morph = form/shape, "形状"【记】(a+morph+ous)

amiss

[əˈmɪs] ADJ. /错误/wrong; faulty. Seeing her frown, he wondered if anything were amiss. also ADJ.

annihilate

[əˈnaɪəˌleɪt] V. /毁灭，破坏/destroy. The enemy in its revenge tried to annihilate the entire population.【根】nihil = nothing, "无,不存在"【记】（an使+nihil+ate→使 [东西]不存在→消灭）

annex

[əˈneks] V. /接手/attach; take possession of. Mexico objected to the United States' attempts to annex the territory that later became the state of Texas.【根】nex = bind, "连接,邻近"【记】(an增加+nex连接,邻近→加上连接→附加)

anemia

[əˈni:mi:ə] N. /贫血/condition in which blood lacks red corpuscles. The doctor ascribes her tiredness to anemia. anemic, ADJ.【记】(a无+nem血+ia)

annuity

[əˈnu:ɪti:, əˈnju:-] N. /年金，养老金/yearly allowance. The annuity he setup with the insurance company supplements his social security benefits so that he can live very comfortably without working.【根】ann = year, "年,一年"【记】（annu+ity每年的东西→年金）

analogy

[əˈnælədʒi] N. /类比，相似/similarity; parallelism. A well-known analogy compares the body's immune system with an army whose defending troops are the lymphocytes or white blood cells.【根】Log,logu = speak, "说话"【记】（ana一样+logy→说的一样→类比）

analogous

[əˈnæləgəs] ADJ. /类似的/comparable. She called our attention to the things that had been done in an analogous situation and recommended that we do the same.【根】Log,logu = speak, "说话"【记】（ana一样+log+ous→说的一样的→类比的）

anathema

[əˈnæθəmə] N. /诅咒/solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse. The Ayatolla Khomeini heaped anathema upon "the Great Satan," that is, the United States. To the Ayatolla, America and the West were anathema; he loathed the democratic nations, cursing them in his dying words. anathematize, V.【根】the=god, "神"，【记】ana错误+the神ma 骂，被神错误的骂→诅咒； anathema 两个A插入anthem圣歌

*anomaly

[əˈnɔməli:] N. /不正常/irregularity. A bird that cannot fly is an anomaly.

anonymous

[əˈnɔnəməs] ADJ. /匿名的/having no name. She tried to ascertain the identity of the writer of the anonymous letter.【根】onym = nam, "名字"【记】(an无+onym名字+ous表形容词→无名的,匿名的)

anoint

[əˈnɔɪnt] V. /（宗教仪式上）抹油使神圣化/consecrate. The prophet Samuel anointed David with oil, crowning him king of Israel.

annul

[əˈnʌl] v. /避免/make void. The parents of the eloped couple tried to annul the marriage.【根】null = none, "没有"【记】（an加强+nul [ = null]→强调没有→取消）

append

[əˈpend] V. /追加，附上/attach. When you append a bibliography to a text, you have just created an appendix.【根】pend1.= expend, "花费,支付"; 2. 最初意思为"称重量而衡量......",引申出花费,支付; 3.= hang, "悬挂"【记】（ap加强动作+pend→挂上去→悬挂）

appease

[əˈpi:z] V. /平静，安抚/pacify or soothe; relieve. Tom and Jody tried to appease the crying baby by offering him one toy after another, but he would not calm down until they appeased his hunger by giving him a bottle.

aplomb

[əˈplɔm, əˈplʌm] N. /沉着，垂直/poise; assurance. Gwen's aplomb in handling potentially embarrassing moments was legendary around the office; when one of her clients broke a piece of her best crystal, she coolly picked up her own goblet and hurled it into the fireplace.【根】plomb = plumb, "铅"

apprise

[əˈpraɪz] V. /告诉/inform. When he was apprised of the dangerous weather conditions, he decided to postpone his trip.【根】prise = take, "拿住,抓住"【记】（ap加强动作+prise→抓住 [信息]→通知 [情况]）

apprenticeship

[əˈprentɪʃɪp] N. /学徒身份/time spent as a novice learning at rade from a skilled worker. As a child, Pip had thought it would be wonderful to work as Joe's apprentice; now he hated his apprenticeship and scorned the blacksmith's trade.

appraise

[əˈpreɪz] V. /估价/estimate value of. It is difficult to appraise the value of old paintings; it is easier to call them priceless. appraisal, N.【根】prais = value, "价值,估价"【记】（ap加强动作+praise→给以价值→评估）

appreciate

[əˈpri:ʃieit] V. /感激；增值；赏识 /be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of. Little Orphan Annie truly appreciated the stocks Daddy War bucks gave her, which appreciated in value considerably over the years.【根】preci = value, "价值,估价"【记】（ap+prec+iate→给以价值→评价；欣赏）

appropriate

[əˈprəupriit] V. /获得；挪用，据为己有/acquire; take possession off or one's own use. The ranch owners appropriated the lands that had originally been set aside for the Indians' use.【根】propri1.= one's/own, "拥有"; 2. 引申为恰当的【记】（ap一再+propri+ate→一再拥有 [公物]→挪用）

appall

[əˈpɔ:l] V. /使惊慌，震惊/dismay; shock. We were appalled by the horrifying conditions in the city's jails.【记】（ap一再，pal＝pale苍白－脸色一再苍白－惊恐）

apocryphal

[əˈpɔkrəfəl] ADJ. /假的，捏造的/untrue; made up. To impress his friends, Tom invented apocryphal tales of his adventures in the big city.【根】crypt = secret,hdden, "秘密,隐藏"【记】（apo离开+crypha秘密，引申为神圣→离开神圣→伪经）

apologist

[əˈpɔlədʒɪst] N. /辩护者/one who writes in defense of a cause or institution. Rather than act as an apologist for the current regime in Beijing and defend its brutal actions, the young diplomat decided to defect to the West.【根】Log,logu = speak, "说话" 【记】（apo离开+log+ist→退后一步说的人→辩护者）

apostate

[əˈpɔsˌteɪt, -tɪt] N. /变节者，脱党者，叛徒/one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs. Because he switched from one party to another, his former friends shunned him as an apostate. apostasy, N.【根】stat = stand, "站,立"【记】（apo离开+state→变节者)

arousal

[əˈrauzəl] N. /觉醒；激励/awakening; provocation (of a response). On arousal, Papa was always grumpy as a bear. The children tiptoed around the house, fearing they would arouse his anger by waking him up.

awry

[əˈraɪ] ADV. /扭曲的；歪曲的/distorted; crooked. He held his head awry, giving the impression that he had caught cold in his neck during the night. Also ADJ.

array

[əˈrei] V. /排列；整理/marshal; draw up in order. His actions were bound to array public sentiment against him. also N.

arrest

[əˈrest] V. /阻止；引起注意；吸引/stop or slow down; catch someone's attention. Slipping, the trapeze artist plunged from the heights until a safety net luckily arrested his fall. This near-disaster arrested the crowd's attention.

arraign

[əˈreɪn] V. /传讯；责问/charge in court; indict. After his indictment by the Grand Jury, the accused man was arraigned in the County Criminal Court.

arroyo

[əˈrɔiəu] N. /干枯的河床/gully. Until the heavy rains of the past spring, this arroyo had been a dry bed.【根】ar = dry, "干"

arrears

[əˈrɪəz] N. /欠债/being in debt. He was in arrears with his payments on the car.

asylum

[əˈsailəm] N. /庇护所/place of refuge or shelter; protection. The refugees sought asylum from religious persecution in a new land.【记】（a非，无，sylum逮捕－不被逮捕－去避难所－因为流浪汉露宿街头会被抓起来）

ascendancy

[əˈsendənsi:] N. /统治权,支配力量;权势，控制/controlling influence; domination. Leaders of religious cults maintain ascendancy over their followers by methods that can verge on brainwashing.【根】scend = climb, "爬,攀"【记】（a上+scend升+ancy→上升状态→优势）

assent

[əˈsent] V. /同意；接受/agree; accept. It gives me great pleasure to assent to your request.【根】sent = feel, "感觉"【记】（as一样+sent→感觉一样→同意）

aseptic

[əˈseptɪk, eɪ-] ADJ. /抗菌的/preventing infection; having a cleansing effect. Hospitals succeeded in lowering the mortality rate as soon as they introduced aseptic conditions.【记】（a+septic adj.脓毒性的，腐败性的→无菌的）

assessment

[əˈsesmənt] N. /评价，评估；判断/evaluation; judgment. Your SAT I score plays a part in the admission committee's assessment of you as an applicant.

ascetic

[əˈsetɪk] ADJ. /苦行；禁欲的/practicing self-denial; austere. The wealthy, self-indulgent young man felt oddly drawn to the strict, ascetic life led by members of some monastic orders. also N.

assail

[əˈseɪl] V. /攻击/assault. He was assailed with questions after his lecture.【根】sali = leap, "跳"【记】(as一再+sail = sali跳→一再跳起来→攻击)

acetic

[əˈsi:tik] ADJ. /酸的/vinegary. The salad had an exceedingly acetic flavor .【根】acet= sour/sharp, "尖,酸,锐利"

assimilate

[əˈsimileit] V. /吸收；同化/absorb; cause to become homogeneous. The manner in which the United States was able to assimilate the hordes of immigrants during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries will always be a source of pride to Americans. The immigrants eagerly assimilated new ideas and customs; they soaked them up, the way plants soak up water.【根】simil = alike/same, "相类似,一样"【记】(as不断+simil相同+ate表动词→成为相同→同化)

askew

[əˈskju:] ADJ. /歪斜/crookedly; slanted; at an angle. When he placed his hat askew upon his head, his observers laughed.

askance

[əˈskæns] ADJ. /瞄，不经意的斜视/with a sideways or indirect look. Looking askance at her questioner, she displayed her scorn.

astringent

[əˈstrɪndʒənt] ADJ. /收敛的/binding; causing contraction. The astringent quality of the unsweetened lemon juice made swallowing difficult. also N. 止血药【根】string = tighten,"拉紧"【记】(a+string+ent)

astute

[əˈstu:t, əˈstju:t] ADJ. /聪明；敏锐/wise; shrewd; keen. The painter was an astute observer, noticing every tiny detail of her model's appearance and knowing exactly how important each one was.

astigmatism

[əˈstɪgməˌtɪzəm] N. /散光/eye defect that prevents proper focus. As soon as his parents discovered that the boy suffered from astigmatism, they took him to the optometrist for corrective glasses.【记】（a 无+stigmat 斑点+ism...看不见斑点→散光）

*assuage

[əˈsweɪdʒ] V. /减轻（痛苦）；满足（饥渴）；安慰 /ease or lessen (pain); satisfy (hunger); soothe (anger). Jilted by Jane, Dick tried to assuage his heartache by indulging in ice cream. One gallon later, he had assuaged his appetite but not his grief.

acerbity

[əˈsə:bətɪ] N. /尖酸的（语气，脾气）/bitterness of speech and temper. The meeting of the United Nations General Assembly was marked with such acerbity that informed sources held out little hope of reaching any useful settlement of the problem. acerbic, ADJ.【根】

assert

[əˈsə:t] V. /断言/declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly. Malcolm asserted that if Reese quit acting like a wimp and asserted himself a bit more, he'd improve his chances of getting a date. assertion, N.【根】sert = join/insert, "加入,插入,连接"【记】(as加强+sert加入,插入,连接→强行加入 [观点]→断言)

assiduous

[əˈsɪdjuəs] ADJ. /勤奋/diligent. He was assiduous, working at this task for weeks before he felt satisfied with his results. assiduity, N.【根】sid1.= sit, "坐"; 2. 放置; 3.= 旁边【记】（as一再+sid+uous→一再坐着 [学习]→勤勉的）

acidulous

[əˈsɪdʒələs] ADJ. /酸的；尖锐，刻薄/slightly sour; sharp, caustic. James was unpopular because of his sarcastic and acidulous remarks.【根】acid = sour/sharp, "尖,酸,锐利"【记】(acid尖,酸,锐利+ulous有......的→有酸味的)

assumption

[əˈsʌmpʃən] N. /假定，设想；采取/something taken for granted; taking over or taking possession of. The young princess made the foolish assumption that the regent would not object to her assumption of power. assume, V.【根】sumpt = take, "拿,取"【记】(as加强动作+sumpt拿,取+ion表名词→拿住→认为是...... [假定])

asunder

[əˈsʌndə] ADV. /分裂，分开/into parts; apart. A fierce quarrel split the partnership asunder: the two partners finally sundered their connections because their points of view were poles asunder.

attain

[əˈtein] V. /获得；完成/achieve or accomplish; gain. The scarecrow sought to attain one goal: he wished to obtain a brain.【根】tain1.= hold, "拿住,握住,支撑"; 2. 挽留【记】(at一再+tain)

attenuate

[əˈtenju:ˌeɪt] V. /削弱/make thin; weaken. By withdrawing their forces, the generals hoped to attenuate the enemy lines.【根】tenu = thin, "细,薄"【记】(at加强动作+tenu细,薄+ate使......→使......细薄→变薄)

attentive

[əˈtentɪv] ADJ. /专心的，专注的；全神贯注/alert and watchful; considerate; thoughtful. Spellbound, the attentive audience watched the final game of the tennis match, never taking their eyes from the ball. A cold wind sprang up; Stan's attentive daughter slipped a sweater over his shoulders without distracting his attention from the game.【根】tent = stretch, "伸展,趋向"【记】(at加强动作+tent+ive)

attest

[əˈtest] V. /证明/testify, bear witness. Having served as a member of the Grand Jury, I can attest that our system of indicting individuals is in need of improvement.【根】test = test,witness, "测试,试验,证据"【记】(at加强动作+test)

attribute

[əˈtribju:t] N. /属性/essential quality. His outstanding attribute was his kindness.【根】tribut = give, "给予"【记】(at加强动作+tribut给予+e→ [把原因]给出→归因于)

attribute

[əˈtribju:t] V. /归因于；解释/ascribe; explain. I attribute her success in science to the encouragement she received from her parents.

atrocity

[əˈtrɔsiti] N. /暴行/brutal deed. In time of war, many atrocities are committed by invading armies.【根】atroc= cruel, "残酷"【记】(atroc+ity)

attrition

[əˈtrɪʃən] N. /裁员；磨损/gradual decrease in numbers; reduction in the work force without firing employees; wearing away of opposition by means of harassment. In the 1960s urban churches suffered from attrition as members moved from the cities to the suburbs. Rather than fire staff members, church leaders followed a policy of attrition, allowing elderly workers to retire without replacing them.【根】trit = rub, "磨擦"【记】(at一再+trit磨擦+ion→一再摩擦)

atone

[əˈtəʊn] V. /补偿；偿还/make amends for; pay for. He knew no way in which he could atone for his brutal crime.【记】（a+tone 补偿一个好声音）

avow

[əˈvaʊ] V. /宣布/declare openly. Lana avowed that she never meant to steal Debbie's boyfriend, but no one believed her avowal of innocence.【根】vow = call,voice, "叫喊，声音"

avenge

[əˈvendʒ] V. /复仇/take vengeance for something (or on behalf of someone). Hamlet vowed he would avenge his father's murder and punish Claudius for his horrible crime.【根】venge = punish, "惩罚 [引申为报仇]"【记】(a加强动作+venge惩罚 [引申为报仇]→v.为...复仇,为...报仇)

avert

[əˈvə:t] V. /转移；防止/prevent; turn away. She averted her eyes from the dead cat on the highway.【根】vert = turn, "转"

averse

[əˈvɜ:s] ADJ. /反对的/reluctant; disinclined. The reporter was averse to revealing the sources of his information.【根】vers = turn, "转"

aversion

[əˈvɜ:ʒən, -ʃən] N. /厌恶，抵制/firm dislike. Bert had an aversion to yuppies; Alex had an aversion to punks. Their mutual aversion was so great that they refused to speak to one another.

avuncular

[əˈvʌŋkjələ] ADJ. /像伯父（叔叔）一样的/like an uncle. Avuncular pride did not prevent him from noticing his nephew's shortcomings.

assurance

[əˈʃuərəns] N. /担保，保证；确定；自信/promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence. When Guthrie gave Guinness his assurance that rehearsals were going well, he spoke with such assurance that Guinness felt relieved. assure, V.【根】sure = sure, "肯定,确定"【记】(assure [v.肯定;确保]+ance表名词→n.保证,担保;确信,断言;信心,信念)

affiliation

[əˌfiliˈeiʃən] N. /联合，加入/joining; associating with. His affiliation with the political party was of short duration for he soon disagreed with his colleagues.【根】fil，fili = thread "线条"【记】（af一再+fili用线牵+ation→一再用线牵在一起 = 联合）

alliteration

[əˌlitəˈreiʃən] N. /头韵/repetition of beginning sound in poetry. "The furrow followed free" is an example of alliteration.【根】Liter = letter, "文字,字母"

anachronistic

[əˌnækrə'nistik] ADJ. /时代错误/having an error involving time in a story. The reference to clocks in Julius Caesar is anachronistic: clocks did not exist in Caesar's time. anachronism, N.【根】chron = time, "时间"【记】（ana向后，错+chron时间+ism名词后缀→年代错误）

apocalyptic

[əˌpɔkəˈlɪptɪk] ADJ. /启示的，启示录的/prophetic; pertaining to revelations. The crowd jeered at the street preacher's apocalyptic predictions of doom. The Apocalypse or Book of Revelations of Saint John prophesies the end of the world as we know it and foretells marvels and prodigies that signal the coming doom.

improvident

[ɪmˈprɔvɪdənt] ADJ. /浪费的/thriftless. He was constantly being warned to mend his improvident ways and beginto "save for a rainy day." improvidence, N.【根】vid1.= separate, "分开"; 2.= see, "看,查"

apotheosis

[əˌpɔθi:ˈəʊsɪs, ˌæpəˈθi:əsɪs] N. /神化，典范/elevation to godhood; an ideal example of something. The apotheosis of a Roman emperor was designed to insure his eternal greatness: people would worship at his altar forever. The hero of the musical How to Succeed in Business was the apotheosis of yuppieness: he was the perfect upwardly-bound young man on the make.【根】theo = god, "神"

authoritarian

[əˌθɔ:rɪˈteəri:ən, əˌθɔr-, ɔ:ˌθɔ:r-, ɔ:ˌθɔr-] ADJ. /独裁/subordinating the individual to the state; completely dominating another's will. The leaders of the authoritarian regime ordered the suppression of the democratic protest movement. After years of submitting to the will of her authoritarian father, Elizabeth Barrett ran away from home with the poet Robert Browning.

gale

[ɡeil] N. /大风；一阵感情的爆发/windstorm; gust of wind; emotionaloutburst (laughter, tears). The Weather Channel warned viewers about a rising gale, with winds of up to sixty miles per hour.

glaze

[ɡleiz] V. /上釉/cover with a thin and shiny surface. The freezing rain glazed the streets and made driving hazardous. also N.

grill

[ɡril] V. /盘问/question severely. In violation of the Miranda law, the police gri led the suspect for several hours before reading him hisrights. (secondary meaning)

graft

[ɡrɑ:ft] N. /移植；移植物；嫁接/piece of transplanted tissue; portion ofplant inserted in another plant. After the fire, Greg required skin grafts to replace the badly damaged areas on his forearms. also V.

grove

[ɡrəuv] N. /小树林/group of trees (smaller than a forest); orchard. Tothe child, the small grove of oaks was as vast as Sherwood Forest, in which he played that legendary hero, RobinHood.

grotesque

[ɡrəuˈtesk] ADJ. /稀奇古怪的；怪异/fantastic; comically hideous. OnHalloween people enjoy wearing grotesque costumes.

gawk

[ɡɔ:k] V. /张着嘴呆看/stare foolishly; look in open-mouthed awe. The country boy gawked at the skyscrapers and neonlights of the big city.

girth

[ɡə:θ] N. /方圆；周围环境/distance around something; circumference. It took an extra-large cummerbund to fit aroundAndrew Carnegie's considerable girth.

ignoble

[ɪgˈnəʊbəl] ADJ. /不高贵的；不光彩的/of lowly origin; unworthy. This plan is inspired by ignoble motives and I must, therefore, oppose it.

exemplary

[ɪgˈzempləri:] ADJ. /出色的；典范的；（杀鸡儆猴的）例子/serving as a model; outstanding. At commencement the dean praised Ellen for her exemplary behavior as class president.

exude

[ɪgˈzu:d, ɪkˈsu:d] V. /卸下，流出/discharge; give forth. We get maple syrup from the sap that exudes from the trees in early spring. exudation, N.

exhume

[ɪgˈzu:m, -ˈzju:m, ɪkˈsju:m, eksˈhju:m] V. /出土，发掘/dig out of the ground; remove from the grave. Could evidence that might identify the serial killer have been buried with his victim? To answer this question, the police asked the authorities for permission to exhume the victim's body.【根】hum = earth, "土,地"

exacting

[ɪgˈzæktɪŋ] ADJ. /苛刻的/extremely demanding. Cleaning the ceilingof the Sistine Chapel was an exacting task, one that demanded extremely meticulous care on the part of the restorers. exaction, N.【根】act = to do/to drive, "行动,活动,做"

exasperate

[ɪgˈzæspəˌreɪt] V. /激怒/vex. Johnny often exasperates his mother with his pranks.

exacerbate

[ɪgˈzæsəˌbeɪt] V. /恶化，加剧/worsen; embitter. The latest bombing exacerbated England's alreadyexisting bitternessagainst the IRA, causing the prime minister to break off the peacetalks abruptly.

exorbitant

[ɪgˈzɔ:bɪtənt] ADJ. /过度的/excessive. The people grumbled at his exorbitant prices but paid them because he had a monopoly.【根】orbit = circle, "圆圈"

exalt

[ɪgˈzɔ:lt] V. /晋升；赞扬/raise in rank or dignity; praise. The actor Alec Guinness was exalted to the rank of knighthood bythe queen.【根】alt = high, "高"

exhaustive

[ɪgˈzɔ:stɪv] ADJ. /彻底的，完全的/thorough; comprehensive. We have made an exhaustive study of all published SAT tests and are happy to share our research with you.【根】haust = draw water, "抽水"

exhort

[ɪgˈzɔ:t] V. /劝诫，忠告/urge. The evangelist exhorted all the sinners in his audience to reform. exhortation, N.【根】hort = encourage, "鼓励"

exonerate

[ɪgˈzɔnəˌreɪt] V. /开脱，免罪/acquit; exculpate. The defense team feverishly sought fresh evidence that might exonerate their client.【根】oner = load, "负担"

exertion

[ɪgˈzɜ:ʃən] N. /努力，尽力/effort; expenditure of much physical work. The exertion spent in unscrewing the rusty bolt left her exhausted.

exhilarating

[ɪgˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ] ADJ. /爽快的，使人愉快的/invigorating and refreshing; cheering. Though some of the hikers found tramping through the snow tiring, Jeffrey found the walk on the cold, crisp day exhilarating.

exult

[ɪgˈzʌlt] V. /高兴，兴高采烈/rejoice. We exulted when our team won the victory.【根】sult = leap, "跳"

extrapolation

[ɪksˌtræpəˈleɪʃən] N. /推测，推断/projection; conjecture. Based on their extrapolation from the results of the primaries onSuper Tuesday, the networks predicted that Bob Dole would be the Republican candidate for the presidency. extrapolate, V.

exceptionable

[ɪkˈsepʃənəbəl] ADJ. /不可的，可反对的/objectionable. Do you find the punk rock band Green Day a highlyexceptionable, thoroughly distasteful group, or do you think theyare exceptionally talented performers?

impalpable

[ɪmˈpælpəbəl] ADJ. /难以明了，难以觉察的/imperceptible; intangible. The ash is so fine that it is impalpable to the touch but it can be seen as a fine layer covering the window ledge.

excoriate

[ɪkˈskɔ:ri:ˌeɪt, -ˈskəʊr-] V. /责难，挖苦，批判；揭露/scold with biting harshness; strip the skin off. Seeing the holes in Bill's new pants, his mother furiously excoriated him for ruining his good clothes. The tight, starched collar chafed and excoriated his neck, rubbing it raw.

expenditure

[ɪkˈspendətʃə] N. /支出，花费/payment or expense; output. When you are operating on an expense account, you must keep receipts for all your expenditures. If you don't save your receipts, you won't get repaid without the expenditure of a lot of energy arguing with the firm's accountants.

expedient

[ɪkˈspi:di:ənt] ADJ. /合适的，有利的；策略性的/suitable; practical; politic. A pragmatic politician, he was guided by what was expedient rather than by what was ethical. expediency, N.【根】ped1.= foot, "足,脚"; 2.= child/education, "儿童"; 3. 引申为"教育"

expansive

[ɪkˈspænsɪv] ADJ. /扩张的；爽快的；广阔的/outgoing and sociable; broad and extensive; able to increase in size. Mr. Fezziwig was in an expansive humor, cheerfully urging his guests to join in the Christmas feast. Looking down on his expansive paunch, he sighed: if his belly expanded any further, he'd need an expansive waistline for his pants.

expunge

[ɪkˈspʌndʒ] V. /取消，去除，排除/cancel; remove. If you behave, I will expunge this notation from your record.

extenuate

[ɪkˈstenju:ˌeɪt] V. /弱化；减轻/weaken; mitigate. It is easier for us to extenuate our own shortcomings than those of others.【根】tenu = thin, "细,薄"

extraneous

[ɪkˈstreɪni:əs] ADJ. /肤浅的，不重要的/not essential; superfluous. Nowonder Ted can't think straight! His mind is so cluttered up with extraneous trivia, he can't concentrate on the essentials.

extrinsic

[ɪkˈstrɪnsɪk, -zɪk] ADJ. /外围的，不重要的；外来的 /external; not essential; extraneous. A critically acclaimed extrinsicfeature of the ChryslerBuilding is its ornate spire. The judge would not admit the testimony, ruling that it was extrinsic to the matter at hand.

extort

[ɪkˈstɔ:t] V. /敲诈，勒索/wringfrom; get money by threats, etc. The blackmailer extorted money from his victim.【根】tort = twist, "扭曲"

extol

[ɪkˈstəʊl] V. /赞美/praise; glorify. The president extolled the astronauts, calling them the pioneers of the Space Age.

imbibe

[ɪmˈbaɪb] V. /吸收/drink in. The dry soil imbibed the rain quickly.

embezzlement

[ɪmˈbezlmənt] N. /偷窃，侵占/stealing. The bank teller confessed his embezzlement of the funds.

imbalance

[ɪmˈbæləns] N. /不平衡，不成比例/lack of balance or symmetry; disproportion. To correct racial imbalance in the schools, school boards have bussed black children into white neighborhoods and white children into black ones.

impeccable

[ɪmˈpekəbəl] ADJ. /没有缺点/faultless. The uncrowned queen of the fashion industry, Diana was acclaimed for her impeccable taste.

impel

[ɪmˈpel] V. /驱使/drive or force onward. A strong feeling of urgency impelled her; if she failed to finish the project rightthen, she knew that she would never get it done.【根】pel = drive/push, "驱动,推"

impenetrable

[ɪmˈpenɪtrəbəl] ADJ. /难以进入的；难以渗透的；不可理解的/not able to be pierced or entered; beyond understanding. How could themurderer have gotten into the locked room? To Watson, the mystery, like the room, was impenetrable.

impenitent

[ɪmˈpenɪtənt] ADJ. /执迷不悟的/not repentant. We could see from his tough guy attitude that he was impenitent.

impetuous

[ɪmˈpetʃu:əs] ADJ. /冲动的，鲁莽的/violent; hasty; rash. "Leap beforeyou look" was the motto suggested by oneparticularly impetuous young man.【根】pet = seek, "追求,寻求"

impetus

[ɪmˈpetʃu:əs] N. /动力；动机/incentive; stimulus; moving force. A new federal highway program would create jobs and give addedimpetus to our economic recovery.

impale

[ɪmˈpeɪl] V. /刺穿/Pierce. He was impaled by the spear hurled by his adversary.

impeach

[ɪmˈpi:tʃ] V. /控告，检举；弹劾/charge with crime in office; indict. The angry congressman wanted to impeach the president for hismisdeeds.

impugn

[ɪmˈpju:n] V. /打击；挑战/dispute or contradict (often in an insultingway); challenge; gainsay. Our treasurer was furious when the finance committee's report impugned the accuracy of his financialrecords and recommended that he should take bonehead math.【根】pugn = fight, "打斗"

impunity

[ɪmˈpju:nɪti:] N. /免受惩罚/freedom from punishment or harm. A98pound weakling can't attack a beachfront bully withimpunity. the poor, puny guy is sure to get mashed.【根】pun = penalty, "惩罚;痛苦"

implacable

[ɪmˈplækəbəl, -ˈpleɪkə-] ADJ. /不能平静的/incapable of being pacified. MadameDefarge was the implacable enemy of theEvremonde family.【根】plac = calm, "平静"

implore

[ɪmˈplɔ:, -ˈpləʊr] V. /恳求/beg. He implored her to give him a secondchance.【根】plore = cry/weep, "喊,哭"

impregnable

[ɪmˈpregnəbəl] ADJ. /不受影响的；无敌的/invulnerable. Until the development of the airplane as a military weapon, the fort wasconsidered impregnable.

imprudent

[ɪmˈpru:dnt] ADJ. /轻率的，判断错误的/lacking caution; injudicious. Itis imprudent to exercise vigorously and become overheatedwhen you are unwell.

impromptu

[ɪmˈprɔmptu:, -tju:] ADJ. /一时冲动的；即兴的/without previous preparation; off the cuff; on the spur of the moment. The judges were amazed that she could make such a thorough, well-supported presentation in an impromptu speech.

impassable

[ɪmˈpæsəbəl] ADJ. /无路可通的；没法通行/not able to be traveled or crossed. A giant redwood had fallen across the highway, blocking all four lanes: the road was impassable.【根】pass1.= pass through, "步,通过"; 2.= feeling, "感情"; 3.= ,"忍耐,遭受"

impassive

[ɪmˈpæsɪv] ADJ. /冷漠的/without feeling; imperturbable; stoical. Refusing to let the enemy see how deeply shaken hewas by his capture, the prisoner kept his face impassive.【根】pass1.= pass through, "步,通过"; 2.= feeling, "感情"; 3.= ,"忍耐,遭受"

impartial

[ɪmˈpɑ:ʃəl] ADJ. /公平的/not biased; fair. Knowing she could not be impartial about her own child, Jo refused to judge any match in which Billy was competing.【根】part = part/divide, "部分,分开"

importunate

[ɪmˈpɔ:tʃənɪt] ADJ. /胡搅蛮缠的；苛刻的/urging; demanding. He tried to hide from his importunatecreditors until his allowance arrived.

impermeable

[ɪmˈpɜ:mi:əbəl] ADJ. /不能渗透的/impervious; not permitting passagethrough its substance. This new material is impermeable to liquids.

impertinent

[ɪmˈpɜ:tnənt] ADJ. /不相干的；鲁莽的/insolent; rude. His neighbors'impertinent curiosity about his lack of dates angeredTed. It was downright rude of them to ask him such personalquestions.【根】tin1.= hold, "拿住,握住,支撑"; 2. 挽留

Impervious

[ɪmˈpɜ:vi:əs] ADJ. /不会被损的；不能渗透的/impenetrable; incapableof being damaged or distressed. The carpet salesman told Simone that his most expensive brand of floorcovering was warranted to be impervious to ordinary wear andtear. Having read so many negative reviews of his acting, the movie star had learned to ignore them, and was now imperviousto criticism.

impinge

[ɪmˈpɪndʒ] V. /撞击；碰撞/infringe; touch;. collide with. How could they be married without impinging on one another's freedom?

imperious

[ɪmˈpɪəri:əs] ADJ. /专横的/domineering; haughty. Jane rather liked a man to be masterful, but Mr. Rochester seemed so bent on getting his own way that he was actually imperious!【根】imper = command, "命令,统治"

indelible

[ɪnˈdeləbəl] ADJ. /去不掉的；不可磨灭的/not able to be erased. The indelible ink left a permanent mark on my shirt. Young Bill Clinton's meeting with President Kennedy made an indelible impression on the youth.

indenture

[ɪnˈdentʃə] V. /契约/bind as servant or apprentice to master. Many immigrants could come to America only after they had indentured themselves for several years. also N.【根】dent = tooth, "牙齿,凹"

indubitable

[ɪnˈdu:bɪtəbəl, -ˈdju:-] ADJ. /不容置疑的；无疑的/unable to be doubted; unquestionable. Auditioning for the chorus line, Molly was an indubitable hit: the director fired the leading lady and hired Mollyin her place!【根】dub = two, "二,双"

indoctrinate

[ɪnˈdɔktrəˌneɪt] V. /教导；灌输/instruct in a doctrine or ideology. CubanAmericans resisted sending Elian Gonzalez backto Cuba because he would be in doctrinated there with Communist principles.

indomitable

[ɪnˈdɔmɪtəbəl] ADJ. /不屈服的；不可被征服的/unconquerable; unyielding. Focusing on her game despite all her personalproblems, tennis champion Steffi Graf proved she had an indomitable will to win.【根】dom1.= house, "屋,家"; 2."统治"

indigenous

[ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs] ADJ. native. Cigarettes are made of tobacco, a plantindigenous to the New World.【根】gen = birth,produce, "出生,产生"

indulgent

[ɪnˈdʌldʒənt] ADJ. /宽容，纵容，溺爱/humoring; yielding; lenient. Jay's mom was excessivelyindulgent she bought him every Nintendocartridge and video game on the market. She indulged Jay so much, she spoiled him rotten.

industrious

[ɪnˈdʌstri:əs] ADJ. /勤奋的，努力的 /diligent; hard-working. Look busy when the boss walks by yourdesk; it never hurts to appear industrious. industry, N.【根】struct = build, "建立,结构"

ingenuous

[ɪnˈdʒenju:əs] ADJ. /心无城府的；天真的；幼稚的；可信的/naive and trusting; young; unsophisticated. The woodsman had not realized how ingenuous Little Red Riding Hood was until heheard that she had gone off for a walk in the woods with the Big Bad Wolf.

injurious

[ɪnˈdʒʊəri:əs] ADJ./有害的/ harmful. Smoking cigarettes can beinjurious to your health.【根】jury = swear/law, "发誓,法律;正确,正直"

ineffable

[ɪnˈefəbəl] ADJ. /不可言喻的，无法用语言表达的；不能说的，避讳的 /unutterable; cannot be expressed in speech. Such ineffable joy must be experienced; it cannot be described.【根】fabl = speak, "讲,说"

inexorable

[ɪnˈeksərəbəl] ADJ. /无情的；残酷的/relentless; unyielding; implacable. After listening to the pleas for clemency, the judge was inexorable and gave the convicted man the maximum punishment allowedby law.【根】ora = mouth, "嘴,说"

inept

[ɪnˈept] ADJ. /不相称的，不合适的，不称职的/lacking skill; unsuited; incompetent. The inept glovemaker was all thumbs.【根】ept = fit/ability, "适应,能力"

inalienable

[ɪnˈeɪljənəbəl, -ˈeɪli:ə-] ADJ. /无可取代的；不能给与的/not to be taken away; nontransferable. The Declaration of Independence mentions the inalienable rights that all of us possess.

inane

[ɪnˈeɪn] ADJ. /傻；粗心/silly; senseless. There's no point to what you're saying. Why are you bothering to make suchinane remarks?

infusion

[ɪnˈfju:ʒən] N. /灌输；浸泡；注入 /act of introducing or instilling aquality; liquid solution. The rookie quarterback brought an infusion of new life and vigor to the tired team. infuse, V.

infuriate

[ɪnˈfjʊəri:ˌeɪt] V. /激怒，热火/enrage; anger. Her big brother's teasing always infuriated Margaret; no matter how hard she tried to keepher temper, he always got her goat.

infiltrate

[ɪnˈfɪlˌtreɪt, ˈɪnfɪl-] V. /渗透/pass into or through; penetrate (an organization) sneakily. In order to be able to infiltrateenemy lines at nightwithout being seen, the scouts darkened their faces and wore black coveralls. infiltrator, N.

ingrained

[ɪnˈgreɪnd] ADJ. /牢固的；深深扎根的；深入人心的/deeply established; firmly rooted. Try as they would, the missionaries were unable to uproot the ingrained superstitions of the natives.

ingratiate

[ɪnˈgreɪʃi:ˌeɪt] V. /迎合，讨好；流行开来/become popular with. H e tried to ingratiate himself into her parents' good graces.【根】grat = pleasing, "感激,高兴"

inclined

[ɪnˈklaɪnd] ADJ. /倾向；倾向于，弯曲/tending or leaning toward; bent. Though I am inclined to be skeptical, the witness's mannerinclines me to believe his story. alsoV.【根】clin1.= lean/slope, "倾斜,斜坡"; 2."床"

inclement

[ɪnˈklemənt] ADJ. /险恶的；严酷的/stormy; unkind. In inclement weather, I like to curl up on the sofa with a good book and listen to the storm blowing outside.

incredulous

[ɪnˈkredʒələs] ADJ. /怀疑的/withholding belief; skeptical. When Jackclaimed he hadn't eaten the jelly doughnut, Jilltook an incredulous look at his smeared face and laughed. incredulity, N.【根】cred = believe/trust, "相信,信任"

encroachment

[ɪnˈkrəʊtʃmənt] N. /侵蚀；"和平演变"/gradual intrusion. The encroachment of the factories upon the neighborhood loweredthe value of the real estate.

incriminate

[ɪnˈkrɪməˌneɪt] V. /控告/accuse. The evidence gathered against the racketeers incriminates some high public officials as well.

incarcerate

[ɪnˈkɑ:səˌreɪt] V. /囚禁/imprison. The civil rights workers were willing to be arrested and even incarcerated if by their imprisonment theycould serve the cause.

incorrigible

[ɪnˈkɔ:rɪdʒəbəl, -ˈkɔr-] ADJ. /不可救药/not correctable. Though Widow Douglass hoped to reform Huck, Miss Watson called him incorrigible and said he would come to no good end.

incontinent

[ɪnˈkɔntənənt] ADJ. /缺乏自制力，放肆/lacking self-restraint; licentious. His incontinent behavior off stage so shocked many people that they refused to attend the plays and movies inwhich he appeared.

incongruous

[ɪnˈkɔŋgru:əs] ADJ. /不调和的；荒谬的/not fitting; absurd. Dave sawnothing incongruous about wearing sneakers withhis tuxedo; he couldn't understand why his date took one look at him and started to laugh. incongruity, N.

inchoate

[ɪnˈkəʊɪt] ADJ. /未成型的，早期的，刚开始的，发展中的/recently begun; rudimentary; elementary. Before the Creation, the world was an inchoate mass.

incursion

[ɪnˈkɜ:ʒən] N. /袭击/temporary invasion. The nightly incursions and hit-and-run raids of our neighbors across the border tried thepatience of the country to the point where we decided to retaliatein force.【根】curs = run, "跑,发生,快速做......"

inculcate

[ɪnˈkʌlˌkeɪt, ˈɪnkʌl-] V. /谆谆教导/teach; instill. In an effort to inculcate religious devotion, the officials ordered that the school day begin with the singing of a hym n.

incisive

[ɪnˈsaɪsɪv] ADJ. /尖锐；深刻，激烈/cutting; sharp. His incisive remarks made us see the fallacy in our plans.【根】cise = cut/kill, "切开,杀"

incendiary

[ɪnˈsendi:ˌeri:] N. /纵火者/arsonist. The fire spread in such an unusual manner that the fire department chiefs were certain thatit had been set by an incendiary. also ADJ.

insensible

[ɪnˈsensəbəl] ADJ. /迟钝的；硬心肠的/unconscious; unresponsive. Sherry and I are very different; at times when I would be covered with embarrassment, she seems insensible to shame.

inception

[ɪnˈsepʃən] N. /开始，开端/start; beginning. She was involved withthe project from its inception.【根】cept = take/hold/seize,,"拿,抓,握住"

insatiable

[ɪnˈseɪʃəbəl, -ʃi:ə-] ADJ. /不容易伺候的；贪婪的/not easily satisfied; unquenchable; greedy. David's appetite for oysters was insatiable: he could easily eat four dozen at a single sitting.

inscrutable

[ɪnˈskru:təbəl] ADJ. /不可渗透的；不可理解的，谜/impenetrable; notreadily understood; mysterious. Experienced poker players try tokeep their expressions inscrutable, hiding their reactions to the cards behind a so-called "poker face."

insolvent

[ɪnˈsɔlvənt] ADJ. /破产/bankrupt; unable to repay one's debts. Although young Lord Widgeon was insolvent, he had no fear of being thrown into debtors' prison, for he was sure that if hiscreditors pressed him for payment his wealthy parents would repay what he owed. insolvency, N.【根】solv = loosen, "溶解,解决,松开"

insurgent

[ɪnˈsɜ:dʒənt] ADJ. /造反的，起义的/rebellious. Because the insurgentforces had occupied the capital and had gained control of therailway lines, several of the war correspondents covering the uprising predicted a rebel victory.【根】surg = rise, "升起"

insidious

[ɪnˈsɪdi:əs] ADJ. /阴险的，奸诈的，狡猾的；鬼鬼祟祟的/treacherous; stealthy; sly. The fifth column is insidious because it works secretly within our territory for our defeat.根：sid1.=sit, "坐"; 2. 放置; 3.= 旁边

insinuate

[ɪnˈsɪnju:ˌeɪt] V. /暗示，含沙射影；慢慢的夺取，巧妙的迂回（进入）/hint; imply; creep in. When you said I looked robust, did you mean to insinuate that I'm getting fat?【根】sinu = bend, "弯曲"

incipient

[ɪnˈsɪpi:ənt] ADJ. /开始；早期的/beginning; in an early stage. I will goto sleep early for I want to break an incipient cold.

insipid

[ɪnˈsɪpɪd] ADJ. /索然无味的；单调的/lacking in flavor; dull. Flat prose and flat ginger ale are equally insipid: both lack sparkle.

interrogate

[ɪnˈterəˌgeɪt] V. /审问；讯问/question closely; cross-examine. Knowing that the Nazis would interrogate him about his background, the secret agent invented a cover story that wouldhelp him meet their questions.【根】rog = ask, "要求,问"

intrepid

[ɪnˈtrepɪd] ADJ. / 无畏的/fearless. For her intrepid conduct nursing thewounded during the war, Florence Nightingale was honored by Queen Victoria.

intractable

[ɪnˈtræktəbəl] ADJ. /难以处理的/unruly; stubborn; unyielding. Charlie Brown's friend Pigpen was intractable: he absolutely refused to take a bath.

intransigence

[ɪnˈtrænsɪdʒəns] N. /不妥协；不让步/refusal of any compromise; stubbornness. The negotiati ng team had not expected such intransigence from the striking workers, who rejected any hint of acompromise. intransigent, ADJ.

intangible

[ɪnˈtændʒəbəl] ADJ. /难以明了的，无形的；暧昧的，模糊的/not able to be perceived by touch; vague. Though the financial benefits of his Oxford post were meager, Lewis was drawn to it by its intangible rewards: prestige, intellectual freedom, thefellowship of his peers.【根】tact,tag,tig,ting = touch, "接触"

inter

[ɪnˈtɜ:] V. /埋/bury. They are going to inter the body tomorrow atBroadlawn Cemetery.【根】terr1.= earth, "土地"; 2.= frighten,可怕,恐惧; 3.= frighten, "恐,怕"

interminable

[ɪnˈtɜ:mənəbəl] ADJ. /无尽的/endless. Although his speech lasted foronly twenty minutes, it seemed interminable to his bored audience.【根】termin = limit, "界限;末端"

inviolable

[ɪnˈvaɪələbəl] ADJ. / 无敌的；神圣不可亵渎的 /secure from corruption,attack, or violation; unassailable. Batman considered his oath to keep the people of Gotham City inviolable: nothing on earth could make him break this promise.

invective

[ɪnˈvektɪv] N. /谩骂；非难；恶言相加/abuse. He had expectedcriticism but not the invective that greeted his proposal. inveigh, V.

invalidate

[ɪnˈvælɪˌdeɪt] V. /摧毁；使无效；弱化/weaken; destroy. The relatives who received little or nothing sought to invalidate the will byclaiming that the deceased had not been in his right mind whenhe had signed the document.

invoke

[ɪnˈvəʊk] V. /恳请，借助于，找来，调用/call upon; ask for. She invoked her advisor's aid in filling out her financial aid forms.【根】vok= call/voice, "出声,叫喊,看"

inverse

[ɪnˈvɜ:s ] ADJ. /倒转的/opposite. There is an inverse ratio between the strength of light and its distance.【根】vers = turn, "转"

invidious

[ɪnˈvɪdi:əs] ADJ. /易招嫉妒的；不公平的/designed to create ill will orenvy. We disregarded her invidious remarks because we realized how jealous she was.【根】vid1.= separate, "分开"; 2.= see, "看,查"

invigorate

[ɪnˈvɪgəˌreɪt] V. /激发；鼓舞/energize; stimulate. A quick dip in the pool invigorated Meg, and with renewed energy she got back towork.【根】vig = life, "生命"

invincible

[ɪnˈvɪnsəbəl] ADJ. /无敌的/unconquerable. Superman is invincible.【根】vinc= conquer/overcome, "征服,克服"

invulnerable

[ɪnˈvʌlnərəbəl] ADJ. /无懈可击的/incapable of injury. Achilles was invulnerable except in his heel.

inordinate

[ɪnˈɔ:dnɪt] ADJ. /紊乱的；不受限制的/unrestrained; excessive. She had an inordinate fondness for candy, eating two or three boxes in a single day.【根】ordin = order, "命令,顺序"

inert

[ɪnˈɜ:t] ADJ. /惰性的，不活跃的/inactive; lacking power to move. "Getup, you lazybones," she cried to her husband, who lay in bedinert. inertia, N.【根】ert = energy/work, "能量,活动"

engage

[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ] V. /吸引；雇佣；答应；结合；订婚/attract; hire; pledgeoneself; confront. "Your case has engaged my interest, mylord," said Holmes. "You may engage my services."

inconsequential

[ɪnˌkɔnsɪˈkwenʃəl, ˌɪnkɔn-] ADJ. /不合理的，不重要的/insignificant; unimportant. Brushing off Ali's apologies for having broken the wineglass, Tamara said, "Don't worry about it; it's inconsequential."

intelligentsia

[ɪnˌteləˈdʒentsi:ə, -ˈgent-] N. /知识分子；知识界/the intelligent and educatedclasses [often used derogatorily]. She preferred discussionsabout sports and politics to the literary conversations of the inte ligentsia.

inopportune

[ɪnˌɔpəˈtu:n, -ˈtju:n] ADJ. /不合时宜的/untimely; poorly chosen. A rock concert is an inopportune setting for a quiet conversation.

exemplify

[ɪɡˈzɛmpləˌfaɪ] V. /作为典型；具体化/serve as an example of; embody. For a generation of balletgoers, Rudolf Nureyev exemplified the ideal of masculine grace.【根】ampl1.= take/procure, "拿,获得,拿走后 [变空]"; 2.= large, "大"

ebullient

[ɪˈbʊljənt, ɪˈbʌl-] ADJ. /热情的，激动的/showing excitement; overflowing with enthusiasm. Amy's ebullient nature could not be repressed; she' was always bubbling over with excitement. ebullience, N.

ephemeral

[ɪˈfemərəl] ADJ. /朝生暮死，短暂，短命/short-lived; fleeting. The mayfly is an ephemeral creature: its adult life lasts little more than a d ay.

efface

[ɪˈfeɪs] V. /抹掉/rub out. The coin had been handled so many timesthat its date had been effaced.【根】face = face, "脸,面"

effusive

[ɪˈfju:sɪv] ADJ. /激情澎湃的/pouring forth; gushing. Her effusive manner of greeting her friends finally began to irritate them. effusion, N.

effrontery

[ɪˈfrʌntəri:] N. /厚颜无耻/shameless boldness. She had the effrontery to insult the guest.

filial

[ˈfɪli:əl] ADJ. /子女的/pertaining to a son or daughter. Many children forget their filial obligations and disregard the wishes of their parents.

egregious

[ɪˈgri:dʒəs, -dʒi:əs] ADJ. /及其令人痛恨的，声名狼藉；令人吃惊的/notorious; conspicuously bad or shocking. She was an egregious liar; we all knew better than to believe a word she said. Ed's housekeepingwas egregious: he let his dirty dishes pile up so long that theywere stuck together with last week's food.【根】greg = group, "群体"

eclectic

[ɪˈklektɪk] ADJ. /折衷的/composed of elements drawn from disparate sources. His style of interior decoration was eclectic: bits and pieces of furnishings from widely divergent periods, strikingly juxtaposed to create a unique decor. eclecticism, N.

equivocal

[ɪˈkwɪvəkəl] ADJ. /蓄意误导；含混，模棱两可/ambiguous; intentionallymisleading. Rejecting the candidate's equivocal comments on tax reform, the reporters pressed him to state clearly where he stood on the issue. equivocate,V.【根】voc = call/voice, "出声,叫喊,看"

equivocate

[ɪˈkwɪvəˌkeɪt] V. /撒谎；误导/lie; mislead; attempt to conceal the truth. The audience saw through his attempts to equivocate on the subject under discussion andridiculed his remarks.【根】voc = call/voice, "出声,叫喊,看"

elated

[ɪˈleɪtɪd] ADJ. /过分高兴的；兴高采烈/overjoyed; in high spirits. Grinning from ear to ear, Bonnie Blair was clearly elated by her fifth Olympic gold medal. elation, N.

illusory

[ɪˈlu:səri:, -zəri:] ADJ. /虚幻的，不真实的/deceptive; not real. Unfortunately, the costs of running the lemonade stand were so high that Tom's profits proved illusory.

elucidate

[ɪˈlu:sɪˌdeɪt] V. /解释；启迪/explain; enlighten. He was called upon to elucidate the disputed points in his article. elusive ADJ. /难懂的，难捉摸的；令人困惑的/evasive; baffling; hard to grasp. Trying to pin down exactly when the contractors would be finished remodeling the house, Nancy was frustrated by their elusive replies. elude, V.

elixir

[ɪˈlɪksə] N. /包治百病，万能药/cure-all; something invigorating. The news of her chance to go abroad acted on her like an elixir.

ellipsis

[ɪˈlɪpsɪs] N. /省略/omission of words from a text. Sometimes an ellipsis can lead to a dangling modifier, as in the sentence "Once dressed, you should refrigerate the potato salad."

illicit

[ɪˈlɪsɪt] ADJ. /非法的/illegal. The defense attorney maintained that his client had never performed any illicit action.【根】licen = allow, "允许"

emend

[ɪˈmend] V. /修订，校勘/correct; correct by a critic. The critic emended the book byselecting the passages which he thought most appropriate to the text.【根】mend = free from fault, "改错"

emaciated

[ɪˈmeɪsɪeɪtɪd] ADJ. /瘦弱的，脆弱的/thin and wasted. His long period of starvation had left him emaciated.

immutable

[ɪˈmju:təbəl] ADJ. /不可动摇的，不能改变的/unchangeable. All things change over time; nothing is immutable.【根】mut = change, "改变"

immaculate

[ɪˈmækjəlɪt] ADJ. /无暇的/spotless; flawless; absolutely clean. Ken and Jessica were wonderful tenants and left the apartment in immaculate condition when they moved out.

emancipate

[ɪˈmænsəˌpeɪt] V. /释放，解放 /set free. At first, the attempts of the Abolitionists to emancipate the slaves were unpopular in New England as well as in the South.【根】cip = take/hold/seize,,"拿,抓,握住"

emollient

[ɪˈmɔljənt] N. /缓和，安抚/soothing or softening remedy. The nurse applied an emollient to the inflamed area. also ADJ.【根】moll = soft; "软"

inured

[ɪˈnjʊəd] ADJ. /习惯了的，适应了的/accustomed; hardened. She became inured to the Alaskan cold.

enumerate

[ɪˈnu:məˌreɪt, ɪˈnju:-] V. /枚举/list; mention one by one. Huck hung his head in shame as Miss Watson enumerated his many flaws.【根】numer = number, "数目"

enormity

[ɪˈnɔ:mɪti:] N. /巨大的，严重的，极恶劣/hugeness (in a bad sense). He did not realize the enormity of his crime until he saw what suffering he had caused.【根】norm = rule/norm, "规则,规范"

innocuous

[ɪˈnɔkju:əs] ADJ. /无害的，无辜的/harmless. An occasional glass of wine with dinner is relatively innocuous and should have no ill effect on you.【根】noc = hurt,poison, "伤害,毒"

enigma

[ɪˈnɪgmə] N. /谜/puzzle; mystery. "What do women want?" asked Dr. Sigmund Freud. Their behavior was an enigmato him.

iniquitous

[ɪˈnɪkwɪtəs] ADJ. /邪恶的/wicked; immoral; unrighteous. Whether or not King Richard III was responsible for the murder of the two young princes in the Tower, it was an iniquitous deed. iniquity, N.

inimical

[ɪˈnɪmɪkəl] ADJ. /不友好的；敌意的；有害的 /unfriendly; hostile; harmful; detrimental. I've alwaysbeen friendly to Martha. Whyis she so inimical to me?

inimitable

[ɪˈnɪmɪtəbəl] ADJ. /独一无二的，独特的；防伪的，难以模仿的/matchless; not able to be imitated. We admire Auden for his inimitable use of language; he is one of a kind.【根】imit = imagine,likeness, "相象,模仿"

enunciate

[ɪˈnʌnsi:ˌeɪt] V. /阐明/speak distinctly. Stop mumbling! How will people understand you if you do not enunciate?【根】nunci = speak, "讲话,说出"

epitome

[ɪˈpɪtəmi:] N. / 典型，摘要/perfect example or embodiment. Singing "I am the very model of a modern Major-General," in The Pirates of Penzance, Major-General Stanley proclaimed himself the epitome of an officer and a gentleman.【根】tom = cut, "切,割"

irrefutable

[ɪˈrefjətəbəl, ˌɪrɪˈfju:-] ADJ. /不可否认的；不能驳倒的/indisputable;incontrovertible; undeniable. No m atter how hard I tried to find a good comeback for her argument, I couldn't think of one: her logic was irrefutable.

irrelevant

[ɪˈreləvənt] ADJ. /不相关的，不照号的/not applicable; unrelated. Nomatter how irrelevant the patient's mumblings mayseem, they give us some indications of what he has on his mind.【根】lev= raise,lighten, "举起,变轻"

irreparable

[ɪˈrepərəbəl] ADJ. /不能弥补的，不能修复的；无可挽救的/not able to be corrected or repaired. Your apology cannot atone for the irreparable damage you have done to her reputation.

irrevocable

[ɪˈrevəkəbəl] ADJ. /不能取消的；不能变更的/unalterable; irreversible. As Sue dropped the "Dear John" letterinto the mailbox, she suddenly had second thoughts and wantedto take it back, but she could not: her action was irrevocable.【根】voc= call/voice, "出声,叫喊,看"

irresolute

[ɪˈrezəˌlu:t] ADJ. /犹豫不决的/uncertain how to act; weak. Once youhave made your decision, don't waver; a leader should never appear irresolute.

irascible

[ɪˈræsəbəl, aɪˈræs-] ADJ. /易怒的；暴躁的/irritable; easily angered. MissMinchin's irascible temper intimidated the younger schoolgirls,who feared she'd burst into a rage at any moment.

erratic

[ɪˈrætɪk] ADJ. /奇怪的；不可预测的/odd; unpredictable. Investorsbecome anxious when the stock market appears erratic.【根】err = wander/mistake, "漫游,犯错误"

irrational

[ɪˈræʃənəl] ADJ. /无理的，缺乏逻辑的；不理智的/illogical; lackingreason; insane. Many people have such an irrational fear of snakes that they panic at the sight of a harmless g arter snake.

erotic

[ɪˈrɔtɪk] ADJ. /激情的, 色情的/pertaining to passionate love. The erotic passages in this novel should be removed as they are merelypornographic.【根】ero = love, "爱"

erode

[ɪˈrəʊd] V. /侵蚀/eat away. The limestone was eroded by thedripping water until only a thin shell remained. erosion, N.【根】rod = bite, "咬"

espouse

[ɪˈspaʊz] V. /接受，支持/adopt; support. She was always ready to espouse a worthy cause.

evasive

[ɪˈveɪsɪv] ADJ. /逃避的/not frank; eluding. Your evasive answers convinced the judge that you were withholdingimportant evidence. evade,V.【根】vas1.= go, "走"; 2.= empty, "空"

evocative

[ɪˈvɔkətɪv] ADJ. /唤起的/tending to call up (emotions, memories). Scent can be remarkably evocative: the aroma of pipe tobaccoevokes the memory of my father; a whiff of talcum powder calls up images of my daughter as a child. ewe N. /母羊/female sheep. The flock of sheep was made up of dozens of ewes, together with only a handful of rams.

evince

[ɪˈvɪns] V. / /show clearly. When he tried to answer the questions, he evinced his ignorance of the subject matter.【根】vinc = conquer/overcome, "征服,克服"

ethereal

[ɪˈθɪəri:əl] ADJ. /轻的，空气的；像天堂的/light; heavenly; unusuallyrefined. In Shakespeare's The Tempest, the spirit Ariel is an ethereal creature, too airy and unearthly for our mortal world.

ejaculation

[ɪˌdʒækjəˈleɪʃən] N. /迸出；惊叹/exclamation. He could not repress an ejaculation of surprise when he heard the news.

elaboration

[ɪˌlæbəˈreɪʃɵn] N. /细节；复杂/addition of details; intricacy. Tell what happened simply, without any elaboration. elaborate,V.

emendation

[ɪˌmenˈdeɪʃən, ˌi:men-] N. /改进；修订/correction of errors; improvement. Please initial all the emendationsyou have made in this contract.【根】mend = free from fault, "改错"

irreconcilable

[ɪˌrekənˈsaɪləbəl, ɪˈrekənˌsaɪ-] ADJ. /不相容的；矛盾的/incompatible; not able to beresolved. Because the separated couple wereirreconcilable, the marriage counselor recommended a divorce.【根】cil= call, "召集"

chagrin

[ʃəˈgrɪn] N. /伤自尊；委屈/vexation (caused by humiliation or injured pride); disappointment. Embarrassed by his parents' shabby, working-class appearance, Doug felt their visit to his school would bring him nothing but chagrin. Someone filled with chagrin doesn't grin: he's too mortified.

chicanery

[ʃɪˈkeɪnəri:, tʃɪ-] N. /强辩，狡辩；欺骗/trickery; deception. Those sneaky lawyers misrepresented what occurred, made up all sorts of implausible alternative scenarios to confuse the jurors, and in general depended on chicanery to win the case.

genre

[ʒɑ:r] N. /风格（文学、艺术） /particular variety of art or literature. Both a short story writer and a poet, Langston Hughes proved himself equally skilled in either genre.

guileless

[ˈ gaɪllɪs] ADJ. /诚实的/without deceit. He is naive, simple, andguileless; he cannot be guilty of fraud.

ire

[ˈaiə] N. /怒气/anger. The waiter tried unsuccessfully to placate the ire of the diner who had found a cockroach in her soup.

irony

[ˈaiərəni] N. /反话；讽刺/hidden sarcasm or satire; use of words that seem to mean the opposite of what they actually mean. Graduallyhis listeners began to realize that the excessive praise he waslavishing on his opponent was actually irony, he was in fact ridiculing the poor fool.

icon

[ˈaɪˌkɔn] N. /偶像，象征；图标/religious image; idol. The icons on the walls of the church were painted in the 13th century.【根】icon = image, "形象"

bowdlerize

[ˈbaudləraiz] V. /删除/expurgate. After the film editors had bowdlerized the language in the script, the motion picture's rating was changed from "R" to "PG."

biased

[ˈbaɪəst] ADJ. /偏见的，偏差/slanted; prejudiced. Because the judge played golf regularly with the district attorney's father, we feared he might be biased in the prosecution's favor. bias, N.

boundless

[ˈbaʊndlɪs] ADJ. /无限的/unlimited; vast. Mike's energy was boundless: the greater the challenge, the more vigorously he tackled the job.

bountiful

[ˈbaʊntəfəl] ADJ. /富足的；慷慨的/abundant; graciously generous. Thanks to the good harvest, we had a bountiful supply of food and we could be as bountiful as we liked in distributing food to the needy.

bellicose

[ˈbelɪˌkəʊs] ADJ. /好斗的，好战的/warlike. His bellicose disposition alienated his friends.【根】bell = war/fight, "战争,打斗"【记】(bell战争,打斗+icose多......的→多战的)

benefactor

[ˈbenəˌfæktə] N. /恩人，赞助人/gift giver; patron. Scrooge later became Tiny Tim's benefactor and gave him gifts.【根】bene- "善,好"

bestial

[ˈbestiəl] ADJ. /残忍的/beastlike; brutal. According to legend, the werewolf was able to abandon its human shape and take on a bestial form.

bevy

[ˈbevi:] N. /一群（少女，小鸟）/large group. The movie actor was surrounded by a bevy of starlets.

baleful

[ˈbeɪlfəl] ADJ. /恶意的，有害的/deadly; having a malign influence; ominous. The fortune teller made baleful predictions of terrible things to come.

beeline

[ˈbi:ˌlaɪn] N. /直线/direct, quick route. As soon as the movie was over, Jim made a beeline for the exit.

bivouac

[ˈbivu:æk] N. /帐篷/temporary encampment. While in bivouac, we spent the night in our sleeping bags under the stars. also V.

blatant

[ˈbleɪtnt] ADJ. /喧闹；俗丽/flagrant; conspicuously obvious; loudly offensive. To the unemployed youth from Dublin, the "No Irish Need Apply" placard in the shop window was a blatant mark of prejudice.

blandishment

[ˈblændiʃmənt] N. / 阿谀奉承/flattery. Despite the salesperson's blandishments, the customer did not buy the outfit.

blasphemy

[ˈblæsfəmi:] N. /亵渎/irreverence; sacrilege; cursing. In my father's house, the Dodgers were the holiest of holies; to cheer for another team was to utter words of blasphemy. blasphemous, ADJ.

bloated

[ˈbləʊtɪd] ADJ. /浮肿/swollen or puffed as with water or air. Her bloated stomach came from drinking so much water.

bludgeon

[ˈblʌdʒən] N. /大头狼牙棒/club; heavy-headed weapon. Attacked by Dr. Moriarty, Holmes used his walking stick as a bludgeon to defend himself. "Watson," he said, "I fear I may have bludgeoned Moriarty to death."

blunder

[ˈblʌndə] N. /错误/error. The criminal's fatal blunder led to his capture. also V.【记】bl暴露under在什么下面→错误的暴露了藏在底下的东西

bluster

[ˈblʌstə] V. /咆哮；吓唬 /blow in heavy gusts; threaten emptily; bully. "Let the stormy winds bluster," cried Jack, "we'll set sail tonight." Jill let Jack bluster. she wasn't going anywhere, no matter what he said.

browbeat

[ˈbraʊˌbi:t] V. /吓唬/bully; intimidate. Billy resisted Ted's attempts browbeat him into handing over his lunch money.

brevity

[ˈbrevɪti:] N. /简短，短暂/conciseness. Brevity is essential when you send a telegram or cablegram; you are charged for every word.【根】brev = short, "短,缩短"

brazen

[ˈbreɪzən] ADJ. /厚颜无耻；傲慢/insolent. Her brazen contempt for authority angered the officials.

brittle

[ˈbritl] ADJ. /易碎的；困难的/easily broken; difficult. My employer's self-control was as brittle as an egg-shell. Her brittle personality made it difficult for me to get along with her.

brandish

[ˈbrændɪʃ] V. /挥舞/wave around; flourish. Alarmed, Doctor Watson wildly brandished his gun until Holmes told him to put the thing away before he shot himself.

braggart

[ˈbræɡət] N. /自夸，吹嘘/boaster. Modest by nature, she was no braggart, preferring to let her accomplishments speak for themselves.

brochure

[ˈbrəuʃuə] N. /小册子/pamphlet. This brochure on farming was issued by the Department of Agriculture.【根】broch = to pierce,"刺，峰"

brindled

[ˈbrɪndld] ADJ. /有条纹或斑点的/tawny or grayish with streaks or spots. He was disappointed in the litter because the puppies were brindled, he had hoped for animals of a uniform color.

booming

[ˈbu:miŋ] ADJ. /快速增长的，欣欣向荣；深刻的/deep and resonant; flourishing, thriving. "Who needs a microphone?" cried the may or in his booming voice. Cheerfully he boomed out that, thanks to him, the city's economy was booming. boom, V.

bourgeois

[ˈbuəʒwɑ:] ADJ. /中产阶级；平庸的/middle class; selfishly materialistic; dully conventional. Technically, anyone who belongs to the middle class is bourgeois, but, given the word's connotations, most people resent it if you call them that.

babble

[ˈbæbəl] V. /嘟囔/chatter idly. The little girl babbled about her doll. also N.

badger

[ˈbædʒə] V. /激怒，纠缠/pester; annoy. She was forced to change her telephone number because she was badgered by obscene phone calls.

baffle

[ˈbæfl] V. /挫败/frustrate; perplex. The new code baffled the enemy agents.

ballast

[ˈbæləst] N. /配重；沙袋/heavy substance used to add stability or weight. The ship was listing badly to one side; it was necessary to shift the ballast in the hold to get her back on an even keel. also V.

bandy

[ˈbændi] V. /传话/discuss lightly or glibly; exchange (words ) heatedly. While the president was happy to bandy patriotic generalizations with anyone who would listen to him, he refused to bandy words with unfriendly reporters at the press conference.

barren

[ˈbærən] ADJ. /荒芜的，贫瘠的/desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking. Looking out at the trackless, barren desert, Indiana Jones feared that his search for the missing expedition would prove barren.

bastion

[ˈbæstiən] N. /堡垒；工事/fortress; defense. The villagers fortified the town hall, hoping this improvised bastion could protect them from the guerillas' raids.【根】bas,base = low, foundation, "低下，基础"

balmy

[ˈbɑ:mi:] ADJ. /柔和的；芳香的/mild; fragrant. A balmy breeze refreshed us after the sultry blast.【根】balm = balsam, "香油"

barrage

[ˈbɑ:rɪdʒ] N. /弹幕，火力网/barrier laid down by artillery fire. The company was forced to retreat through the barrage of heavy cannons.【根】barr = stick, "棒,栏"【记】(barr棒,栏+age物品→用来拦住的物品→拦河坝阻塞;火力网)

bauble

[ˈbɔ:bəl] N. /小玩意儿/trinket; trifle. The child was delighted with the bauble she had won in the grab bag.

bawdy

[ˈbɔ:di:] ADJ. /猥亵的；下流的；卖淫的/indecent; obscene. Jack took offense at Jill's bawdy remarks. What kind of young man did she think he was?

boycott

[ˈbɔikɔt] V. /抵制/refrain from buying or using. To put pressure on grape growers to stop using pesticides that harmed the farm workers' health, Cesar Chavez called for consumers to boycott grapes.

bombastic

[ˈbɔmbæstɪk] ADJ. /夸张的/pompous; using inflated language. Puffed up with conceit, the orator spoke in such a bombastic manner that we longed to deflate him. bombast, N.

boisterous

[ˈbɔɪstərəs, -strəs] ADJ. /狂暴；喧嚣/violent; rough; noisy. The unruly crowd became even more boisterous when he tried to quiet them.

buoyant

[ˈbɔɪənt,ˈbu:jənt] ADJ. /可漂浮的，乐观的/able to float; cheerful and optimistic. When the boat capsized, her buoyant life jacket kept Jody afloat. Scrambling back on board, she was still in a buoyant mood, certain that despite the delay she'd win the race.

burly

[ˈbə:li] ADJ. /魁伟，结实/husky; muscular. The burly mover lifted the packing crate with ease.

bogus

[ˈbəʊgəs] ADJ. /赝品/counterfeit; not authentic. The police quickly found the distributors of the bogus twenty-dollar bills.

bolster

[ˈbəʊlstə] V. /支持，增援/support; reinforce. The debaters amassed file boxes full of evidence to bolster their arguments.

bovine

[ˈbəʊˌvaɪn, -ˌvi:n] ADJ. /牛的；迟钝的；耐心的/cow like; placid and dull. Nothing excites Esther; even when she won the state lottery, she still preserved her air of bovine calm.【根】bov = cow

burgeon

[ˈbɜ:dʒən] V. /发芽，成长/grow forth; send out buds. In the spring, the plants that burgeon are a promise of the beauty that is to come.

burnish

[ˈbɜ:nɪʃ] V. /擦拭/make shiny by rubbing; polish. The maid burnished the brass fixtures until they reflected the lamplight.【记】burnish擦拭furnish 装备

bigotry

[ˈbɪgətri:] N. /固执、 盲从/stubborn intolerance. Brought up in a democratic atmosphere, the student was shocked by the bigotry and narrowness expressed by several of his classmates.【记】读：被狗催，听狗的话→偏执的行为； 盲从

bicker

[ˈbɪkə] V. /争吵/quarrel. The children bickered morning, noon, and night, exasperating their parents.【记】读：必渴。必然会渴－因为发生口角肯定会渴－太浪费吐沫。

bilious

[ˈbɪljəs] ADJ. /消化不良，易怒/suffering from indigestion; irritable. His bilious temperament was apparent to all who heard him rant about his difficulties.

bullion

[ˈbʊljən] N. /金条，银条/gold and silver in the form of bars. Much bullion is stored in the vaults at Fort Knox.【记】bull公牛lion狮子抢金条

bulwark

[ˈbʊlwək, -ˌwɔ:k, ˈbʌl-] N. /壁垒/earthwork or other strong defense; person who defends. The navy is our principal bulwark against invasion.

boorish

[ˈbʊərɪʃ] ADJ. /粗鲁；笨拙/rude; clumsy; ungentlemanly. Natasha was embarrassed by her fellow spy's boorish behavior. "If you cannot act like a gentleman, Boris, go back to Russia: espionage is no job for clumsy boors." boor, N.

buffet

[ˈbʌfit] N. /自助餐/table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set out. Please convey the soufflé on the tray to the buffet. (Buffet rhymes with tray.)【记】读：不菲的，自助餐很贵

buxom

[ˈbʌksəm] ADJ. /丰满；充满活力；欢快/plump; vigorous; jolly. The soldiers remembered the buxom nurse who had always been so pleasant to them.

bumptious

[ˈbʌmpʃəs] ADJ. /盲目自大/self-assertive. His classmates called him a show-off because of his bumptious airs.

bustle

[ˈbʌsl] V. /喧嚣，繁忙，熙熙攘攘/move about energetically; teem. David and the children bustled about the house getting in each other's way as they tried to pack for the camping trip. The whole house bustled with activity.

buttress

[ˈbʌtrɪs] V. /支持/support; prop up. The attorney came up with several far-fetched arguments in a vain attempt to buttress his weak case. also N.

bungle

[ˈbʌŋgəl] V. /搞砸/mismanage; blunder. Don't botch this assignment, Bum stead; if you bungle the job, you're fired!

bungalow

[ˈbʌŋɡələu] N. /小平房/small cottage. Every summer we rent a bungalow on Cape Cod for our vacation home. The rent is high, the roof is low-it's a basic bungalow.【记】读：半个楼，小平房

dowdy

[ˈdaʊdi:] ADJ. /邋遢的；衣衫不整/slovenly; untidy. She tried to change her dowdy image by buying a new fashionable wardrobe.

downcast

[ˈdaʊnˌkæst] ADJ. /沮丧/disheartened; sad. Cheerful and optimistic by nature, Beth was never downcast despite the difficulties she faced.

demagogue

[ˈdeməɡɔɡ] N. /煽动政治家/person who appeals to people's prejudice; false leader of people. He was accused of being a demagogue because he made promises that aroused futile hopes in his listeners.【根】dem = people "人民"agog = lead, "引导" (dem人民+agog引导+ue→引导人民者→煽动者)

denizen

[ˈdenɪzən] N. /居民；常客/inhabitant or resident; regular visitor. In The Untouchables, Eliot Ness fights AI Capone and the other denizens of Chicago's underworld. Ness's fight against corruption was the talk of all the denizens of the local bars.

denigrate

[ˈdenɪˌgreɪt] V. /抹黑/blacken. All attempts to denigrate the character of our late president have failed; the people still love him and cherish his memory.【根】nigr = black, "黑"

deprecate

[ˈdeprikeit] V. /抗议；蔑视/express disapproval of; protest against; belittle. A firm believer in old-fashioned courtesy, Miss Post deprecated the modern tendency to address new acquaintances by their first names. deprecatory, ADJ.

derelict

[ˈderəˌlɪkt] ADJ. /遗弃的；废弃的/abandoned; negligent. The derelict craft was a menace to navigation. Whoever abandoned it in the middle of the harbor was derelict in living up to his responsibilities as a boat owner. also N.

despot

[ˈdespət] N. /暴君/tyrant; harsh, authoritarian ruler. How could a benevolent king turn overnight into a despot?

destitute

[ˈdestɪˌtu:t,-ˌtju:t] ADJ. /一贫如洗/extremely poor. Because they had no health insurance, the father's costly illness left the family destitute.【根】stitut = set up/place, "建立,放" (de去掉,没有+stitut建立+e→没有建立→缺乏的)

desolate

[ˈdesəlit] ADJ. /荒无人烟的/unpopulated. After six months in the crowded, bustling metropolis, David was so sick of people that he was ready to head for the most desolate patch of wilderness he could find.【根】sol1.= alone, "单独"; 2.= sun, "太阳"

desolate

[ˈdesəlit] V. /放弃/rob of joy; lay waste to; forsake. The bandits desolated the countryside, burning farms and carrying off the harvest.

desultory

[ˈdesəlˌtɔ:ri:, -ˌtəʊri:, ˈdez-] ADJ. /慢无目的的；断断续续的/aimless; haphazard; digressing at random. In prison Malcolm X set himself the task of reading straight through the dictionary; to him, reading was purposeful, not desultory.【根】sult= leap, "跳" desultory不连贯的,散漫的 (de分开,分散+sult跳+ory......的→没有目标的跳→散漫的)

decimate

[ˈdesəˌmeɪt] V. /残杀（十个里面杀一个）/kill, usually one out of ten. We do more to decimate our population in automobile accidents than we do in war.

desiccate

[ˈdesɪˌkeɪt] V. /弄干/dry up. A tour of this smokehouse will give you an idea of how the pioneers used to desiccate food in order to preserve it.

desecrate

[ˈdesɪˌkreɪt] V. /亵渎/profane; violate the sanctity of. Shattering the altar and trampling the holy objects underfoot, the invaders desecrated the sanctuary.【根】sacr = holy, "神圣"

descant

[ˈdesˌkænt] V. /全面而详细的讨论/discuss fully. He was willing to descant upon any topic of conversation, even when he knew very little about the subject under discussion. also N.【根】cant = sing/song, "唱,歌"

deviate

[ˈdi:vieit] V. /背离/turn away from (a principle, norm); depart;【根】vi = way, "道路"

devious

[ˈdi:vjəs] ADJ. /拐弯抹角的；偏僻的/roundabout; erratic; not straightforward. The Joker's plan was so devious that it was only with great difficulty we could follow its shifts and dodges.

diva

[ˈdi:və] N. /著名女歌唱家，天后；歌剧女主角/operatic singer; primadonna. Although world famous as a diva, she did not indulge in fits of temperament.

deify

[ˈdi:əˌfaɪ] V. /神化/ turn into a god; idolize. Admire Elvis Presley all you want; just don't deify him.【根】de = god,divine, "神,神的"

decoy

[ˈdi:ˌkɔɪ, dɪˈkɔɪ] N. /引诱/lure or bait. The wild ducks were not fooled by the decoy. Also V.

dissipate

[ˈdisipeit] V. /驱散，消散；浪费/squander; waste; scatter. He is a fine artist, but I fear he may dissipate his gifts if he keeps wasting his time playing games.

discount

[ˈdiskaunt] V. /漠视；解散/disregard; dismiss. Be prepared to discount what he has to say about his ex-wife.【根】count,"数,计算"

discord

[ˈdiskɔ:d] N. /冲突的；不和谐的/conflict; lack of harmony. Watching Tweedledum battle Tweedledee, Alice wondered what had caused this pointless discord.【根】cord = heart, "心脏,一致"

discourse

[ˈdiskɔ:s] N. /演讲；谈话/formal discussion; conversation. The young Plato was drawn to the Agora to hear the philosophical discourse of Socrates and his followers. alsoV.

distant

[ˈdistənt] ADJ. /冷漠的；远离的/reserved or aloof; cold in manner. His distant greeting made me feel unwelcome from the start. (secondary meaning)【根】stant = stand, "站,立"

dubious

[ˈdju:bjəs] ADJ. /可疑的/questionable; filled with doubt. Many critics of SAT I contend the test is of dubious worth. Jay claimed he could get a perfect1600 on SAT I, but Ellen was dubious: she knew he hadn't cracked a book in three years.【根】dub = two, "二,双"

drivel

[ˈdrivl] N. /胡言乱语；愚蠢/nonsense; foolishness. Why do I have to spend my days listening to such idiotic drivel? Drivel is related to dribble: think of a dribbling, driveling idiot.

drudgery

[ˈdrʌdʒəri:] N. /苦差事，苦工/menial work. Cinderella's fairy godmother rescued her from a life of drudgery.

doodle

[ˈdu:dl] V. /涂鸦；浪费时间/scribble or draw aimlessly; waste time. Art's teachers scolded him when he doodled all over the margins of his papers.

docile

[ˈdɔsəl, -ˌaɪl] ADJ. /驯服的，听话的；善良的/obedient; easily managed. As docile as he seems today, that old lion was once a ferocious, snarling beast. docility, N.【根】doc = to teach, "教"

doleful

[ˈdəʊlfəl] ADJ. /悲伤/sorrowful. He found the doleful lamentations of the bereaved family emotionally disturbing and he left as quickly as he could.【根】dole = grieve, "悲伤"

doldrums

[ˈdəʊlˌdrəmz, ˈdɔ:l-, ˈdɔl-] N. /忧郁，悲伤 /blues; listlessness; slack period. Once the excitement of meeting her deadline was over, she found herself in the doldrums.

disparate

[ˈdɪspərɪt, dɪˈspærɪt] ADJ. /大相径庭的；没关系的/basically different; unrelated. Unfortunately, Tony and Tina have disparate notions of marriage: Tony sees it as a carefree extended love affair, while Tina sees it as a solemn commitment to build a family and a home.

dissonance

[ˈdɪsənəns] N. /不和谐的（声音）/discord. Composer Charles Ives often used dissonance-clashing or unresolved chords -for special effects in his musical works.【根】son = sound, "声音"

dissolute

[ˈdɪsəˌlu:t] ADJ. /放纵，挥霍/loose in morals. The dissolute life led by the ancient Romans is indeed shocking.【根】solut = loosen, "溶解,解决,松开"

dissident

[ˈdɪsɪdənt] ADJ. / 持不同意见的；难于对付的/dissenting; rebellious. In the purge that followed the student demonstrations at Tiananmen Square, the government hunted down the dissident students and their supporters. also N.【根】sid1.= sit, "坐"; 2. 放置; 3.= 旁边

ductile

[ˈdʌktəl, -ˌtaɪl] ADJ. /柔软的，有韧性/malleable; flexible; pliable. Copper is an extremely ductile material: you can stretch it into the thinnest of wires, bend it, even wind it into loops.【根】duct = lead,bring, "引导,带来"

dulcet

[ˈdʌlsɪt] ADJ. /甜美的（声音） /sweet sounding. The dulcet sounds of the birds at dawn were soon drowned out by the roar of traffic passing our motel.

gentry

[ˈdʒentri:] N. /贵族/people of standing; class of people just below nobility. The local gentry did not welcome the visits of the summer tourists and tried to ignore their presence in the community.

generate

[ˈdʒenəreit] V. /产生；创造/cause; produce; create. In his first days in office, President Clinton managed to generate a new mood of optimism; we just hoped he could generate some new jobs.【根】gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生，产生"

genesis

[ˈdʒenɪsɪs] N. /发源，源头/beginning; origin. Tracing the genesis of a family is the theme of Roots.

jeopardize

[ˈdʒepədaiz] V. /置于危险之中/endanger; imperil; put at risk. You can't give me a D in chemistry: you'll jeopardize mychances of getting into M.I.T. jeopardy, N.

jettison

[ˈdʒetɪsən, -zən] V. /投弃货物/throw overboard. In order to enable the shipto ride safely through the storm, the captain had tojettison much of his cargo.

jaded

[ˈdʒeɪdɪd] ADJ. /疲倦的/fatigued; surfeited. He looked for exotic foods to stimulate his jaded appetite.

gibberish

[ˈdʒibəriʃ] N. /胡话；嘟囔/nonsense; babbling. Did you hear thatfool boy spouting gibberish about monsters from outer space? gibber, V.

jabber

[ˈdʒæbə] V. /快速的说，含混不清的说/chatter rapidly or unintelligibly. Why does the fellow insist on jabbering away inFrench when I can't understand a word he says?

jargon

[ˈdʒɑ:ɡən] N. /黑话，行话，胡话/language used by a special group;technical terminology; gibberish. The computer salesmen at the store used a jargon of their own that we simply couldn't follow; wehad no idea what they were jabbering about.

jaundiced

[ˈdʒɔ:ndɪst] ADJ. /患黄疸病的；有偏见的/prejudiced (envious, hostileor resentful); yellowed. Because Sue dislikedCarolyn, she looked at Carolyn's paintings with a jaundiced eye,calling them formless smears. Newborn infants afflicted with jaundice look slightly yellow: they have jaundiced skin.

jaunty

[ˈdʒɔ:nti:] ADJ. /无忧无虑的，快乐的，轻松的/lighthearted; animated; easyand carefree. In An AmericaninParis,Gene Kelly sang anddanced his way through "Singing in the Rain" in a properlyjauntystyle.

jocular

[ˈdʒɔkjələ] ADJ. /诙谐的/said or done in jest. Although Bill knew the boss hated jokes, he couldn't resist making onejocular remark.【根】joc= joke, "笑话"

jollity

[ˈdʒɔlɪti:] N. /高兴的；欢乐的/gaiety; cheerfulness. The festive Christmas dinner was a merry one, and old and young alikejoined in the general jollity.

jostle

[ˈdʒɔsəl] V. /推，挤；撞/shove; bump. In the subway he was jostled bythe crowds.

germinal

[ˈdʒə:minl] ADJ. /未成熟的，幼芽的/pertaining to a germ; creative. Such an idea is germinal, I am certain that it will influence thinkers and philosophers for many generations.【根】germ=seed，表示"种子"

jovial

[ˈdʒəʊvi:əl] ADJ. /天性善良的；好的；高兴的，愉快的/good-natured; merry. Afrown seemed out of place on his invariably jovialface.

germinate

[ˈdʒɜ:məˌneɪt] V. /发芽/cause to sprout; sprout. After the seeds germinate and develop their permanent leaves, the plants maybe removed from the cold frames and transplanted to the garden.【根】germ=seed，表示"种子"

gingerly

[ˈdʒɪndʒəli:] ADV. /小心翼翼地/very carefully. To separate egg whites, first crack the egg gingerly.

juncture

[ˈdʒʌŋktʃə] N. /危机，转折点；关键点/crisis; joining point. At this critical juncture, let us think carefully before determining the course weshall follow.【根】junct= join, "结合,连接"

eddy

[ˈedi:] N. /漩涡/swirling current of water, air, etc. The water in the tide pool was still, except for an occasional eddy.

alienate

[ˈeiljəneit] V. /孤立，树敌/make hostile; separate. Her attempts to alienate the two friends failed because they had complete faith in each other.【根】ali = other/to change,,"其他的,改变状态"【记】（alien外国的＋ate→把别人当外国人→疏远）

amiable

[ˈeimjəbl] ADJ. /可爱的，友好的，惬意的/agreeable; lovable; warmly friendly. In Little Women, Beth is the amiable daughter whose loving disposition endears her to all who know her.【根】am = love, "爱,情爱"【记】(ami = am爱,情爱+able能......的→能 [被]爱的→亲切的)

execute

[ˈeksikju:t] V. /执行，完成/put into effect; carry out. The choreographer wanted to see how well she could execute a pirouette. (secondary meaning) execution, N.【根】secut = follow, "跟随,追"

exculpate

[ˈekskəlˌpeɪt, ɪkˈskʌl-] V. /开脱，洗脱/clear from blame. He was exculpated of the crime when the real criminal confessed.【根】culp = fault, "错,罪"

expiate

[ˈekspi:ˌeɪt] V. /赎罪/make amends for (a sin). He tried to expiate his crimes by a full confession to the authorities.

explicate

[ˈeksplɪˌkeɪt] V. /解释，澄清/explain; interpret; clarify. Harry Levin explicated James Joyce's often bewildering novels with such clarity that even Finnegan'sWake seemed comprehensible to hisstudents.【根】plic1.= fold, "重叠,重复"; 2. 折; 3. 弯

expurgate

[ˈekspəˌgeɪt] V. /清除，净化/clean; remove offensive parts of a book. The editors felt that certain passages in the book had to beexpurgated before it could be used in the classroom.【根】purg = pure, "纯洁"

expedite

[ˈekspɪˌdaɪt] V. /加速，催促 /hasten. Because we are on a tight schedule, we hope you will be able to expedite the delivery of our order. The more expeditious your response is, the happier we'll be.【根】ped1.= foot, "足,脚"; 2.= child/education, "儿童"; 3. 引申为"教育"

extrovert

[ˈekstrəˌvɜ:t] N. /性格外向的人/person interested mostly in externalobjects and actions. A good salesman is usually an extrovert, who likes to mingle with people.

extricate

[ˈekstrɪˌkeɪt] V. /解脱，放出，释放/free; disentangle. Icebreakers wereneeded to extricate the trapped whales from the icyfloes that closed them in.

extant

[ˈekstənt, ekˈstænt] ADJ. /现存的/still in existence. Although the book is out of print, some copies are still extant. Unfortunately, all of them are in libraries or private collections; none are for sale.

ecstasy

[ˈekstəsi] N. /全神贯注，入迷，高兴/rapture; joy; any overpowering emotion. When Allison received her long-hoped-for letter of acceptance from Harvard, she was in ecstasy. ecstatic, ADJ.

exorcise

[ˈeksɔ:saɪz] V. /驱邪/drive out evil spirits. By incantation and prayer, the medicine man sought to exorcise the evil spirits which had taken possession of the young warrior.

excerpt

[ˈeksə:pt] N. /摘抄，摘录/selected passage (written or musical). The cinematic equivalent of an excerpt from a novel is a clip from afilm. also V.

exodus

[ˈeksədəs] N. /离开，启程/departure. The exodus from the hot and stuffy city was particularly noticeable on Friday evenings.

exigency

[ˈeksədʒənsi:, ɪgˈzɪdʒən-] N. /紧急情况/urgent situation. In this exigency,we must look for aid from our allies.

execrable

[ˈeksɪkrəbəl] ADJ. /非常糟糕的/very bad. The anecdote was in such execrable taste that it revolted the audience.

equity

[ˈekwiti] N. /公平，公正/fairness; justice. Our courts guarantee equityto all.【根】equi = equal/even, "相等,平均"

equable

[ˈekwəbəl, ˈi:kwə-] ADJ. /平静的，均衡的，稳定的/tranquil; steady; uniform. After the hot summers and cold winters of New England, he found the climate of the West Indies equable and pleasant.【根】equ = equal/even, "相等,平均"

equitable

[ˈekwɪtəbəl] ADJ. /公平的，公允的 /fair; impartial. I am seeking anequitable solution to this dispute, one that will be fair andacceptable to both sides.【根】equi = equal/even, "相等,平均"

excise

[ˈekˌsaɪz] V. /去除/cut away; cut out. When you excise the dead and dying limbs of a tree, you not only improve its appearance but also enhance its chances of bearing fruit. excision. N.【根】cise = cut/kill, "切开,杀"

elegy

[ˈelədʒi:] N. /挽歌，悲歌/poem or song expressing lamentation. On the death of Edward King, Milton composed the elegy "Lycidas." elegiacal, ADJ.【根】eleg = lament, "悲伤"

eloquence

[ˈeləkwəns] N. /雄辩；修辞/expressiveness; persuasive speech. The crowds were stirred by Martin Luther King's eloquence. eloquent, ADJ.

eminent

[ˈeminənt] ADJ. /高的/high; lofty. After his appointment to this eminent position, he seldom had time for his former friends.【根】min1.= project, "伸出,突出"; 2.= small, "小"

emulate

[ˈemjuleit] V. /仿效；抗衡/imitate; rival. In a brief essay, describe a person you admire, someone whose virtues youwould like to emulate.

empathy

[ˈempəθi:] N. /移情作用，心入/ability to identify with another's feelings, ideas, etc. What made Ann such a fine counselor was her empathy, her ability to put herself in her client's place and feel his emotions asif they were her own. empathize, V.

emanate

[ˈeməˌneɪt] V. /散发，发出/issue forth. A strong odor of sulphur emanated from the spring.

emissary

[ˈemɪˌseri:] N. /代理；信使，使者/agent; messenger. The secretary ofstate was sent as the president's special emissaryto the conference on disarmament.【根】miss = send/cast,表时"送,放出,派,错过"

enclave

[ˈenkleiv] N. /飞地/territory enclosed within an alien land. The Vatican is an independent enclave in Italy.

enmity

[ˈenmɪti:] N. /憎恨；仇恨/ill will; hatred. At Camp David, President Carter labored to bring an end to the enmity that prevented thepeaceful coexistence of Egypt and Israel.【根】am = love, "爱,情爱"

entity

[ˈentiti] N. /实体/real being. As soon as the Charter was adopted, the United Nations became an entity and had to be considered as a factor in world diplomacy.

entrance

[ˈentrəns] V. /使其着迷；使其神志恍惚/put under a spell; carry away with emotion. Shafts of sunlight on a wall could entrance her and leave her spellbound.

enterprising

[ˈentəˌpraɪzɪŋ] ADJ. /有魄力/full of initiative. By coming up with freshways to market the company's products, Mike proved himself tobe an enterprising businessman.【根】prise = take, "拿住,抓住"

energize

[ˈenəˌdʒaɪz] V. /鼓舞/invigorate; make forceful and active. Ratherthan exhausting Maggie, dancing energized her.【根】ergy = energy/work, "能量,活动"

enervate

[ˈenəˌveɪt] V. /使变弱/weaken. She was slow to recover from her illness; even a short walk to the window would enervate her.

epic

[ˈepik] N. /史诗；剧作/long heroic poem, or similar work of art. Kurosawa's film SevenSamurai is an epic portraying the struggle of seven warriors to destroy a band of robbers. also ADJ.

epilogue

[ˈepəˌlɔ:g, -ˌlɔg] N. /尾声；收场白/short speech at conclusion of dramatic work. The audience was so disappointed in the play that many did not remain to hear the epilogue.

epithet

[ˈepəˌθet] N. /绰号/word or phrase characteristically used to describe a person or thing. So many kings of France were named Charles that you could tell them apart only by their epithets: Charles the Wise was someone far different from Charles the Fat.

epigram

[ˈepɪˌgræm] N. /警句；讽刺民谣/witty thought or saying, usually short. Poor Richard's epigrams made Benjamin Franklin famous.【根】gram = write, "写,图"

epicure

[ˈepɪˌkjʊə] N. /老饕；享乐主义者/connoisseur of food and drink. Epicures frequent this restaurant because it features exotic wines and dishes. epicurean, ADJ.

epitaph

[ˈepɪˌtæf] N. /墓志铭，挽联/inscription in memory of a dead person. In his will, he dictated the epitaph he wanted placed on his tombstone.

erudite

[ˈerjəˌdaɪt, ˈerə-] ADJ. /博学的/learned; scholarly. Though his fellow students thought him erudite, Paul knew he would have to spend manyyears in serious study before he could consider himself a scholar.【根】rud = rude, "原始,粗野"

escapade

[ˈeskəˌpeɪd] N. /胡闹；奇怪、出格的行为 /prank; flighty conduct. The headmaster could not regard this latest escapade as a boyish joke and expelled the young man.

alias

[ˈeɪli:əs, ˈeɪljəs] N. /化名、别名/an assumed name. John Smith's alias was Bob Jones. also ADJ.【根】ali = other/to change,,"其他的,改变状态"【记】（ali +as表名词→其他的 [名字]→化名)

apex

[ˈeɪpeks] N. /高点，顶点，高潮/tip; summit; climax. He was at the apex of his career: he had climbed to the top of the heap.【记】apex 峰，APEC领导人非正式会议（峰会）

apiary

[ˈeɪpi:ˌeri:] N. /蜂房/a place where bees are kept. Although he spent many hours daily in the apiary, he was very seldom stung by a bee.

*aviary

[ˈeɪvi:ˌeri:] N. /鸟舍/enclosure for birds. The aviary at the zoo held nearly 300 birds.【根】av ，avi = desire/bird, "渴望,鸟"

ethnic

[ˈeθnik] ADJ. /种族的/relating to races. Intolerance between ethnic groups is deplorable and usually is based on lack ofinformation.【根】ethn(o) = nation, "民族"

firebrand

[ˈfaiəbrænd] N. /总惹麻烦的人，惹事生非者，捣乱人/hothead: troublemaker. The police tried to keep track of all the local firebrandswhen the President came to town.

founder

[ˈfaʊndə] N. /创办人/person who establishes (an organization, business). Among those drowned when the Titanic sank was the founder of the Abraham & Straus department store.

founder

[ˈfaʊndə] V. /完全失败；沉默/fail completely; sink. After hitting the submerged iceberg, the Titanic started taking in water rapidly and soon foundered.

fatalism

[ˈfeitəliz(ə)m] N. /宿命论/belief that events are determined by forces beyond one's control. With fatalism, he accepted the hardships that beset him. fatalistic, ADJ.

felon

[ˈfelən] N. /重罪犯/person convicted of a grave crime. A convicted felon loses the right to vote.

ferret

[ˈferɪt] V. /侦查；搜出；赶出/drive or hunt out of hiding. She ferreted out their secret.【根】fer = bring,carry, "带来，拿来"

fester

[ˈfestə] V. /使溃烂，化脓 /rankle; produce irritation or resentment. Joe's insult festered in Anne's mind for days, and made her too angry to speak to him.

festive

[ˈfestɪv] ADJ. /欢乐；庆祝/joyous; celebratory. Their wedding in the park was a festive occasion.【根】fest1.= hostile, "仇恨,打击"; 2.= feast, "节日"

fetter

[ˈfetə] V. /羁绊/shackle. The prisoner was fettered to the wall.

fetid

[ˈfetɪd, ˈfi:tɪd] ADJ. /恶臭的/malodorous. The neglected wound became fetid.

feasible

[ˈfi:zəbl] ADJ. /可行的/practical. Is it feasible to build a new stadium for the Yankees on New York's West Side? Without additional funding, the project is clearly unrealistic.【根】feas = do,make,"做,制作"

feral

[ˈfiərəl] ADJ. /野生的，未驯服的/not domestic; wild. Abandoned by their owners, dogs may revert to their feral state, roaming thewoods in packs.【根】fer = wild, "野"

fugitive

[ˈfju:dʒitiv] ADJ. /短暂的，易变的；流动的 /fleeting or transitory; roving. The film brought a few fugitive images to her mind, but on thewhole it made no lasting impression upon her. 【根】Fug = to flee 逃跑

futile

[ˈfju:tail] ADJ. /没出息；无望，没效果的/useless; hopeless; ineffectual. It is futile for me to try to get any work done around here while thetelephone is ringing every thirty seconds. futility, N.

fusion

[ˈfju:ʒən] N. /熔合；熔接/union; coalition. The opponents of the political party in power organized a fusion of disgruntledgroups and became an important element in the election.【根】Fus= to pour 倾倒

furor

[ˈfjʊərˌɔ:, -ə] N. /非常激动/frenzy; great excitement. The story of her embezzlement of the funds created a furor on the Stock Exchange.

flounder

[ˈflaʊndə] V. /挣扎，辗转；困难地奋斗/struggle and thrash about; proceed clumsily or falter. Up to his knees in the bog, Floyd flounderedabout, trying to regain his footing. Bewildered by the new software, Flo floundered until Jan showed her how to get started.

fledgling

[ˈfledʒlɪŋ] ADJ. /无经验的/inexperienced. While it is necessary toprovide these fledglingpoets with an opportunity to present theirwork, it is not essential that we admire everything they write. Also N.

flagrant

[ˈfleɪgrənt] ADJ. / 非常坏的；残忍的；恶名昭著的/conspicuouslywicked; blatant; outrageous. The governor's appointment of his brother-in-law to the State Supreme Court was aflagrantviolation of the state laws against nepotism (favoritismbased on kinship).【根】flagr = blaze, "火焰"

fluency

[ˈflu:ənsɪ] N. /（语言）流利/smoothness of speech. He spoke French with fluencyand ease.

flabbergasted

[ˈflæbəˌgæstid] ADJ. /大吃一惊；目瞪口呆/astounded; astonished; overcome with surprise. In the film Flubber, the hero invents a remarkable substance whose amazing properties leavehis coworkers flabbergasted. flabbergast, V.

flaccid

[ˈflæksɪd, ˈflæsɪd] ADJ. /软弱的；无活力的/flabby. His sedentary life had left him with flaccid muscles.

flora

[ˈflɔ:rə] N. /植物志/plants of a region or era. Because she was a botanist, shespent most of her time studying the flora of the desert.【根】flor = flower, "花"

florid

[ˈflɔ:rɪd, ˈflɔr-] ADJ. /华丽的；红润的/ruddy; reddish; flowery. If you go to Florida and get a sunburn, your complexion will look florid.【根】flor = flower, "花"

flippant

[ˈflɪpənt] ADJ. /轻率的，没礼貌的，嬉皮笑脸的/lacking properseriousness. When Mark told Mona he loved her, she dismissed his earnest declaration with a flippant "Oh, you say that to all thegirls!" flippancy, N.

fluctuate

[ˈflʌktjueit] V. /波动的；起伏的，摇摆不定的/waver; shift. The water pressure in our shower fluctuates wildly; you start rinsing yourself off with a trickle, and, two minutes later, a blast of water nearly knocks you down. 【根】Flu = flow 流动

flourish

[ˈflʌriʃ] V. /生长；繁荣；装饰/grow well; prosper; decorate with ornaments. The orange trees flourishedin the sun.

fluster

[ˈflʌstə] V. /使混乱，使迷惑/confuse. The teacher's sudden question flustered him and he stammered his reply.

frenzied

[ˈfrenzi:d] ADJ. /狂乱的/madly excited. As soon as they smelled smoke, the frenzied animals milled about in their cages.

fresco

[ˈfreskəʊ] N. /壁画/painting on plaster (usually fresh). The cathedral is visited by many tourists who wish to admire thefrescoes by Giotto.

fracas

[ˈfreɪkəs, ˈfrækəs] N. /争吵；混战/brawl, melee. The military police stopped the fracas in the bar and arrested the belligerents.

friction

[ˈfrikʃən] N. /摩擦/clash in opinion; rubbing against. At this time when harmony is essential, we cannot afford to have any friction in our group.

fractious

[ˈfrækʃəs] ADJ. /蛮横倔强的/unruly; disobedient; irritable. Bucking and kicking, the fractious horse unseated its rider.

frantic

[ˈfræntik] ADJ. /狂乱/wild. At the time of the collision, many people became frantic with fear.

franchise

[ˈfrænˌtʃaɪz] N. /公民权；营业执照/right granted by authority; right tovote; business licensed to sell a product in a particular territory. The city issued a franchise to the company to operate surfacetransit lines on the streets for ninety-nine years. For most ofAmerican history women lacked the right to vote: not until theearly twentieth centurywas the franchise granted to women. Stan owns a Carvel's ice cream franchise in Chinatown.

fraternize

[ˈfrætəˌnaɪz] V. /友善/associate in a friendly way. After the game, the members of the two teams fraternized as cheerfully as if they hadnever been rivals.

fraudulent

[ˈfrɔ:dʒələnt] ADJ. / 欺骗的/cheating; deceitful. The government seeks to prevent fraudulent and misleading advertising.

frolicsome

[ˈfrɔlɪksəm] ADJ. /闹着玩的；嬉戏的/prankish; gay. The frolicsome puppy tried to lick the face of its master.

frigid

[ˈfrɪdʒɪd] ADJ. /刺骨寒/intensely cold. Alaska is in the frigid zone.

frivolous

[ˈfrɪvələs] ADJ. /轻佻的；嬉皮笑脸的/lacking in seriousness; self-indulgently carefree; relatively unimportant. Though Nancy enjoyed Bill's frivolous, lighthearted companionship, shesometimes wondered whether he could ever be serious. frivolity, N.

frustrate

[ˈfrʌstreit] V. /阻碍；挫败/thwart; defeat. We must frustrate this dictator's plan to seize control of the government.

foolhardy

[ˈfu:lˌhɑ:di:] ADJ. /愚勇的；傻大胆儿/rash. Don't be foolhardy. Get the advice of experienced people before undertaking this venture.

fabricate

[ˈfæbrikeit] V. /制造；编造（谎言）/build; lie. If we fabricate the buildings in this project out of standardized sections, we canreduce construction costs considerably. Because of Jack's tendency to fabricate, Jill had trouble believing a word he said.【根】fabric = make, "制作"

faculty

[ˈfækəlti] N. /才能，教职员工/mental or bodily powers; teaching staff. As he grew old, Professor Twiggly feared he might lose his faculties and become unfit to teach. However, he had tenure: whether or not he was in full possession of hisfaculties, the school couldn't kick him off the faculty.【根】fac1.= face, "脸,面"; 2.= do,make,"做,制作"

faction

[ˈfækʃən] N. /派别；内讧；纠纷/party; clique; dissension. The quarrelsand bickering of the two small factions within the club disturbed the majority of the members.【根】fac1.= face, "脸,面"; 2.= do,make,"做,制作"

fallible

[ˈfæləbəl] ADJ. /容易犯错的/liable to err. I know I am fallible, but I feel confident that I am right this time.【根】fall1.= err/deceive, "犯错误,欺骗"; 2.= ,"错,假"

fallow

[ˈfæləʊ] ADJ. /休耕地；潜伏的；不活跃的/plowed but not sowed; uncultivated. Farmers have learned that it is advisable to permit land to lie fallow every few years.

fancy

[ˈfænsi] N. /爱好；奇特；想象 /notion; whim; inclination. Martin took a fancy to paint his toenails purple. Assuming he would outgrow such fanciful behavior, his parents ignored his fancy feet. alsoADJ.【根】fan = temple, "庙"

fanfare

[ˈfænˌfeə] N. /号角声/call by bugles or trumpets. The exposition was opened with a fanfare of trumpets and the firing of cannon.

facet

[ˈfæsit] N. /（宝石的）琢面；方面/small plane surface (of a gem); aside. The stonecutter decided to improve the rough diamond by providing it with several facets.【根】fac1.= face, "脸,面"; 2.= do,make,"做,制作"

facile

[ˈfæsəl] ADJ. /充足的；容易完成的；肤浅的/easily accomplished; readyor fluent; superficial. Words came easily to Jonathan: he was a facile speaker and prided himself on being ready tomake a speech at a moment's notice.【根】fac1.= face, "脸,面"; 2.= do,make,"做,制作"

fatuous

[ˈfætʃu:əs] ADJ. /愚蠢的；不可理喻的；不理智的/foolish; inane. He is far too intelligent to utter such fatuous remarks.【根】fatu = silly, "笨"

fathom

[ˈfæðəm] V. /领会；调查，测量 /comprehend; investigate. I find his motives impossible to fathom; in fact, I'm totally clueless about what goes on in his mind.

falter

[ˈfɔ:ltə] V. /犹豫；踌躇/hesitate. When told to dive off the high board, she did not falter, but proceeded at once.

formidable

[ˈfɔ:midəbl] ADJ. /威胁的，险恶的/menacing; threatening. We must not treat the battle lightly for we are facing aformidablefoe.

fauna

[ˈfɔ:nə] N. /动物志/animals of a period or region. The scientist could visualize the fauna of the period by examining the skeletalremains and the fossils.

forum

[ˈfɔ:rəm] N. / 论坛/place of assembly to discuss public concerns; meeting for discussion. The film opens with a shot of the ancient Forum in Rome, where several senators are discussing the strange new sect known as Christians. At the end of the movie, its director presided over a forum examining newfashions in filmmaking.

fortitude

[ˈfɔ:tɪˌtu:d, -ˌtju:d] N. /勇敢的/bravery; courage. He was awarded the medalfor his fortitude in the battle. 【根】Fort = strong 强壮

foresight

[ˈfɔ:ˌsaɪt, ˈfəʊr-] N. /洞察力/ability to foresee future happenings; prudence. A wise investor, she had the foresight to buy land justbefore the current real estate boom.

forthright

[ˈfɔ:θrait] ADJ. /坦率的；豪爽的/outspoken; straightforward; frank. Never afraid to call a spade a spade, she wasperhaps too forthright to be a successful party politician.

fodder

[ˈfɔdə] N. /粗饲料；饲养/coarse food for cattle, horses, etc. One of Nancy's chores at the ranch was to put fresh supplies of fodderin the horses' stalls.

foster

[ˈfɔstə] V. /养育，培养；鼓励 /rear; encourage. According to the legend, Romulus and Remus were fostered by a she-wolfwho raised the abandoned infants with her own cubs. alsoADJ.

foible

[ˈfɔɪbəl] N. /缺点；弱点/weakness; slight fault. We can overlook the foiblesof our friends; no one is perfect.

fervid

[ˈfə:vid] ADJ. /炙热的/ardent. Her fervid enthusiasm inspired all of usto undertake the dangerous mission.【根】ferv = boil, "沸,热"

foliage

[ˈfəuliidʒ] N. /树叶/masses of leaves. Every autumn before the leaves fell he promised himself he would drive through New England to admire the colorful fall foliage. 【根】Foli = leaf 叶子

furlough

[ˈfɜ:ləʊ] N. /休假/leave of absence; vacation granted a soldier orcivil servant. Dreaming of her loved ones back inthe States, the young soldier could hardly wait for her upcomingfurlough.

furtive

[ˈfɜ:tɪv] ADJ. /隐秘的；偷偷摸摸，鬼祟 /stealthy; sneaky. Noticing the furtive glance the customer gave the diamond bracelet on thecounter, the jeweler wondered whether he had a potential shoplifter on his hands.

fervor

[ˈfɜ:və] N. /热情；激情/glowing ardor; intensity of feeling. At the protest rally, the students cheered the strikers and booed the dean with equal fervor.【根】ferv = boil, "沸,热"

fervent

[ˈfɜ:vənt] ADJ. /炙热的/ardent; hot. She felt that the fervent praisewas excessive and somewhat undeserved.【根】ferv = boil, "沸,热"

figurative

[ˈfɪgjərətɪv] ADJ. /比喻/not literal, but metaphorical; using a figure of speech. "To lose one's marbles" is a figurative expression; ifyou're told that Jack has lost his marbles, no one expects you to rush out to buy him a replacement set.

filament

[ˈfɪləmənt] N. /灯丝；精细的织物或线/fine thread or fiber; threadlike structure within a light bulb. A ray of sunlight illuminated the filamentsof the spider web, turning the web into anet of gold.【根】fil1.= thread, "线条"; 2.= to fill, "填满,充满,注满"

filibuster

[ˈfɪləˌbʌstə] V. /（发表长篇演讲来）阻挠法案通过/to block legislation bymaking long speeches. Even though we disapprovedof Senator Foghorn's political goals, we were impressed by hisability to filibusterendlessly to keep an issue from coming to a vote.【根】fili = thread, "线条"

finicky

[ˈfɪnɪki:] ADJ. /过分讲究；鸡毛蒜皮/too particular; fussy. The little girl was finicky about her food, leaving over anything thatwasn't to her taste.

fitful

[ˈfɪtfəl] ADJ. /断断续续；间歇/spasmodic; intermittent. After several fitfulattempts, he decided to postpone the start of the project untilhe felt more energetic.

fissure

[ˈfɪʃə] N. /裂缝；分歧/crevice. The mountain climbers secured footholds in tiny fissures in the rock.

fulcrum

[ˈfʊlkrəm, ˈfʌl-] N. /（杠杆的）支点/support on which a lever rests. If weuse this stone as a fulcrum and the crowbar as a lever, we may be able to move this boulder.

fulsome

[ˈfʊlsəm] ADJ. /过分的/disgustingly excessive. His fulsome praise of the dictator revolted his listeners.

garish

[ˈgeərɪʃ, ˈgær-] ADJ. /俗气；颜色太杂/over-bright in color; gaudy. She wore a gaudy rhinestone necklace with an excessivelygarish gold lame dress.

glower

[ˈglaʊə] V. /瞪着，愤怒的看着/scowl. The angry boy glowered at his father.

glaring

[ˈgleərɪŋ] ADJ. /耀眼的/highly conspicuous; harshly bright. Glaringspelling or grammatical errors in your resume willunfavorably impress potential employers.

glossy

[ˈglɔ:si:, ˈglɔsi:] ADJ. /光滑有光泽的/smooth and shining. I want thisphotograph printed on glossy paper, not matte.

glossary

[ˈglɔ:səri:, ˈglɔsə-] N. /词汇表/brief explanation of words used in the text. Ihave found the glossary in this book very useful; it has eliminatedmany trips to the dictionary.【根】gloss，glot=tongue表示"舌头"，引申为"词语"

glimmer

[ˈglɪmə] V. /闪烁/shine erratically; twinkle. In the darkness of thecavern, the glowworms hanging from the cavern roof glimmeredlike distant stars,

glutton

[ˈglʌtn] N. /暴饮暴食者，饭桶/someone who eats too much. When Mother saw that Bobby had eaten all the cookies, she called him a little glutton. gluttonous, ADJ.【根】glut = devour, "吞吃"

grievance

[ˈgri:vəns] N. /委屈；冤情；不平/cause of complaint. When hersupervisor ignored her complaint, she took hergrievance to the union.【根】griev1.= heavy, "重"; 2.= ,"悲伤"

gruesome

[ˈgru:səm] ADJ. /可怕的/grisly; horrible. His face was the stuff of nightmares: all the children in the audience screamed when Freddy Kruger's gruesome countenance was flashed on the screen.

gruel

[ˈgru:əl] V. /稀粥；极度紧张/liquid food made by boiling oatmeal, etc., in milk or water. Our daily allotment of gruel made the meal not only monotonous but also unpalatable.

grueling

[ˈgru:əlɪŋ, ˈgru:lɪŋ] ADJ. /重罚；使其筋疲力尽/exhausting. The marathon is a grueling race.

graduated

[ˈgrædjʊeɪtɪd] ADJ. /分级；排序/arranged by degrees (of height, difficulty, etc.). Margaret loved her graduated set of Russian hollow wooden dolls; she spent hours happily putting thesmaller dolls into their larger counterparts.【根】grad=step,grade, "步，级"

grandiose

[ˈgrændi:ˌəʊs, ˌgrændi:ˈəʊs] ADJ. /自命不凡；堂皇；夸张的 /pretentious; high-flown; ridiculously exaggerated; impressive. The aged matinee idol still had grandiose notions of his supposed importance in thetheatrical world.【根】gran=dgrand, "大的";

granulate

[ˈgrænjəˌleɪt] V. /粒化/form into grains. Sugar that has been granulated dissolves more readily than lump sugar. granule, N.【根】gran = grain, "颗粒"

grapple

[ˈgræpəl] V. /格斗，摔跤/wrestle; come to grips with. He grappled with the burglar and overpowered him.

gratify

[ˈgrætəˌfaɪ] V. /取悦/please. Lori's parents were gratified by hersuccessful performance on the SAT.【根】grat = pleasing, "感激,高兴"

gratis

[ˈgrætɪs, ˈgrɑ:tɪs, ˈgreɪ-] ADJ. /免费的/free. The company offered to give one package gratis to every purchaser of one of their products. also ADJ.

grovel

[ˈgrɔvəl, ˈgrʌv-] V. /趴，匍匐/crawl or creep on ground; remain prostrate. Even though we have been defeated, we do not have to grovelbefore our conquerors.

grimace

[ˈgrɪmɪs, grɪˈmeɪs] N. /扭曲的脸；做鬼脸/a facial distortion to show feelingsuch as pain, disgust, etc. Even though he remainedsilent, his grimace indicated his displeasure. also V.

grisly

[ˈgrɪzli:] ADJ. /毛骨悚然的；恐怖的，可怕的/ghastly. She shuddered at the grisly sight.

grudging

[ˈgrʌdʒɪŋ] ADJ. /不情愿；勉强/unwilling; reluctant; stingy. We received only grudging support from the mayor despite hisearlier promises of aid.

gadfly

[ˈgædˌflaɪ] N. /牛蝇；招人烦的人/animal-biting fly; an irritating person. Like a gadfly, he irritated all the guests at the hotel; within forty-eight hours, everyone regarded him as an annoyingbusybody.

galvanize

[ˈgælvəˌnaɪz] V. /电镀；刺激，激励/stimulate by shock; stir up; revitalize. News that the prince was almost at their door galvanized the ugly stepsisters into a frenzy of combing and primping.

garrulous

[ˈgærələs, ˈgærjə-] ADJ. /贫嘴/loquacious; wordy; talkative. My Uncle Henrycan out-talk any three people I know. He is the most garrulousperson in Cayuga County. garrulity, N.【根】garr = chatter,表示"唠叨"

ghastly

[ˈgæstli:] ADJ. /恐怖的/horrible. The murdered man was a ghastly sight.

gavel

[ˈgævəl] N. /棒槌/hammerlike tool; mallet. "Sold!" cried the auctioneer, banging her gavel on the table to indicate she'd accepted the final bid.

garner

[ˈgɑ:nə] V. /收集，储存/gather; store up. She hoped to garner the world's literature in one library.

garnish

[ˈgɑ:nɪʃ] V. /装饰/decorate. Parsley was used to garnish the boiled potato. also N.【根】gar，garn=furnish，表示"装饰，供应"

gaudy

[ˈgɔ:di:] ADJ. /华而不实的/flashy; showy. The newest Trump skyscraper is typically gaudy, covered in gilded panels that gleamin the sun.

gory

[ˈgɔ:ri:, ˈgəʊri:] ADJ. /血腥的/bloody. The audience shuddered as they listened to the details of the gory massacre.

giddy

[ˈgɪdi:] ADJ. /眼花缭乱/light-hearted; dizzy. He felt his giddy youth was past.

gullible

[ˈgʌləbəl] ADJ. /易受骗的/easily deceived. Overly gullible people have onlythemselves to blame if they fall for con artists repeatedly. As the saying goes, "Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me."

gusto

[ˈgʌstəʊ] N. /爱好，嗜好；喜欢/enjoyment; enthusiasm. He acceptedthe assignment with such gusto that I feel he would have been satisfied with a smaller salary.

haughtiness

[ˈh ɔ:tɪnɪs] N. /傲慢；不逊/pride; arrogance. When she realizedthat Darcy believed himself too good to dance with his inferiors, Elizabeth took great offense at his haughtiness.

hybrid

[ˈhaibrid] N. /混合的，混血的/mongrel; mixed breed. Mendel's formulaexplains the appearance of hybrids and purespecies in breeding. also ADJ.

hierarchy

[ˈhaiərɑ:ki] N. /分级，排序了的/arrangement by rank or standing; authoritarian body divided into ranks. To be low man on the totem pole is to have an inferior place in the hierarchy.【根】archy = ruler/rule/chief,,"统治者,统治,主要的"

hibernate

[ˈhaɪbəˌneɪt] V. /冬眠/sleep throughout the winter. Bears are one of the many species of animals that hibernate. hibernation, N.

headlong

[ˈhedˈlɔ:ŋ, -ˈlɔŋ] ADJ. /轻率的/hasty; rash. The slave seized the unexpected chance to make a headlong dash across the border to freedom.

headstrong

[ˈhedˌstrɔ:ŋ, -ˌstrɔŋ] ADJ. /硬脖子；任性；不屈/stubborn; willful; unyielding. Because she refused to marry the man her parents had chosen for her, everyone scolded Minna and called her a foolish headstrong girl.

heresy

[ˈherɪsi:] N. /少数意见，异端/opinion contrary to popular belief; opinion contrary to accepted religion. Galileo's assertion that theearth moved around the sun directly contradicted the religiousteachings of his day; as a result, he was tried for heresy. heretic,N.

heterodox

[ˈhetərəˌdɔks] ADJ. /非主流；异端/unorthodox; unconventional. To those who upheld the belief that the earth did not move, Galileo's theory that the earth circled the sun was disturbingly heterodox.【根】dox = opinion, "观点"

heinous

[ˈheɪnəs] ADJ. /可恶的，令人深恶痛绝/atrocious; hatefully bad. Hitler's heinous crimes will never be forgotten.

hazy

[ˈheɪzi:] ADJ. /朦胧的；模糊的/slightly obscure. In hazy weather, you cannot see the top of this mountain.

heyday

[ˈheɪˌdeɪ] N. /鼎盛时期/time of greatest success; prime. In theirheyday, the San Francisco Forty-Niners won the SuperBowl two years running.

heedless

[ˈhi:dlɪs] ADJ. /轻蔑的；不理睬的/not noticing; disregarding. Hedrove on, heedless of the danger warnings placed atthe side of the road.

hedonist

[ˈhi:dənɪst] N. /享乐主义者/one who believes that pleasure is thesole aim in life. A thoroughgoing hedonist, he considered only his own pleasure and ignored any claims othershad on his money or time.

humid

[ˈhju:mɪd] ADJ. /潮湿的/damp. She could not stand the humid climate and moved to a drier area.【根】hum = earth, "土,地"

haggard

[ˈhægəd] ADJ. /枯槁的；憔悴的/wasted away; gaunt. After his long illness, he was pale and haggard.

haggle

[ˈhægəl] V. /讨价还价/argue about prices. I prefer to shop in a storethat has a one-price policy because, whenever Ihaggle with a shopkeeper, I am never certain that I paid a fair price for the articles I purchased.

hackneyed

[ˈhækni:d] ADJ. /常见的；不希罕，陈腐/commonplace; trite. Whenthe reviewer criticized the movie for its hackneyedplot, we agreed; we had seen similar stories hundreds of timesbefore.

hallowed

[ˈhæləʊd] ADJ. / 神圣化的/blessed; consecrated. Although the dead girl's parents had never been active churchgoers, they insistedthat their daughter be buried in hallowed ground.

hamper

[ˈhæmpə] V. /阻挡，牵制，妨碍/obstruct. The new mother didn't realize how much the effort of caring for an infant would hamper her ability to keep an immaculate house.

harrowing

[ˈhærəʊɪŋ] ADJ. /痛苦；悲怆/agonizing; distressing; traumatic. At first the former prisoner did not wish to discuss hisharrowing months of captivity as a political hostage.

hazardous

[ˈhæzədəs] ADJ. d/危险/angerous. Your occupation is too hazardous for insurance companies to consider your application.

hardy

[ˈhɑ:di] ADJ. /艰苦的；勇敢的/sturdy; robust; able to stand inclement weather. We asked the gardening expert to recommend particularly hardyplants that could withstand our harsh New England winters.

halting

[ˈhɔ:ltɪŋ] ADJ. /犹豫的/hesitant; faltering. Novice extemporaneousspeakers often talk in a halting fashion as they grope for the rightwords.

hoary

[ˈhɔ:ri:, ˈhəʊri:] ADJ. /灰白的/white with age. The man was hoary and wrinkled when he was 70.

hodgepodge

[ˈhɔdʒpɔdʒ] N. /大杂烩/jumble; mixture of ill-suited elements. The reviewer roundly condemned the play as a hodgepodgeof random and purposeless encounters carried out by a cast lacking any uniformity of accent or style.

homage

[ˈhɔmidʒ] N. /敬意/honor; tribute. In her speech she tried to payhomage to a great man.【根】hom = man, "人"

hover

[ˈhɔvə] V. /逗留；盘旋；等待/hang about; wait nearby. The police helicopter hovered above the accident.

holster

[ˈhəʊlstə] N. /手枪套/pistol case. Evenwhen he was not in uniform, he carried a holster and pistol underhis arm.

hermitage

[ˈhɜ:mɪtɪdʒ] N. /隐居的居所/home of a hermit. Even in his remote hermitage he could not escape completely from the world.

hurtle

[ˈhɜ:tl] V. /冲击；碰撞；急冲/crash; rush. The runaway train hurtled toward disaster.

hindrance

[ˈhɪndrəns] N. /障碍物/block; obstacle. Stalled cars along the highway are a hindrance to traffic that tow trucks should remove without delay. hinder,V.【根】hind = rear, "后部"

hoodwink

[ˈhʊdˌwɪŋk] V. /欺骗，迷惑，蛊惑/deceive; delude. Having beenhoodwinked once by the fast-talking salesman, he was extremelycautious when he went to purchase a used car.

junta

[ˈhʊntə] N. /小集团；政治团伙/group of men joined in political intrigue;cabal. As soon as he learned of its existence, the dictator ordered the execution of all of the members of the junta.

hulking

[ˈhʌlkɪŋ] ADJ. /大量的，巨大的/massive; bulky; great in size. Despitehis hulking build, the heavyweight boxing champion wassurprisingly light on his feet. hulk, N.

humdrum

[ˈhʌmˌdrʌm] ADJ. /单调的/dull; monotonous. After his years of adventure, he could not settle down to a humdrum existence.

hovel

[ˈhʌvəl, ˈhɔv-] N. /小屋/shack; small, wretched house. He wondered how poor people could stand living in such a hovel.

husband

[ˈhʌzbənd] V. /节约/use sparingly; conserve; save. Marathon runners must husband their energy so that they can keep goingfor the entire distance.

egoism

[ˈi:gəʊˌɪzəm, ˈegəʊ-] N. /自我中心，利己主义/excessive interest in one's self; belief that one should be interested in one's self rather than in others. His egoism prevented him from seeing the needsof his colleagues.【根】ego = I, "我,自己"

equinox

[ˈi:kwinɔks] N. /昼夜平分点，春分，秋分/period of equal days andnights; the beginning of Spring and Autum n. The vernal equinox is usually marked by heavy rainstorms.

epoch

[ˈi:pɔk] N. /时代/period of time. The glacial epoch lasted for thousands of years.

eon

[ˈi:ən] N. /时代/long period of time; an age. It has taken eons for our civilization to develop.

edict

[ˈi:ˌdɪkt] N. /法令，号令；布告/decree (especially issued by a sovereign); official command. The emperor issued an edict decreeing that everyone should come see him model his magnificent new clothes.【根】dict = say/assert, "说话,断言,写"

egress

[ˈi:ˌgres] N. /出口/exit. Barnum's sign "To the Egress" fooled manypeople who thought they were going to see ananimal and instead found themselves in the street.【根】gress = go/walk, "行走,步"

equine

[ˈi:ˌkwaɪn, ˈekˌwaɪn] ADJ. /似马的/resembling a horse. His long, bony face had an equine look to it.【根】equ = horse, "马"

ethos

[ˈi:ˌθɔs] N. /社会精神特质，思潮，风气；气质/underlying character of aculture, group, etc. Seeing how tenderly ordinary Spaniardstreated her small daughter made author Barbara Kingsolveraware of how greatly children were valued in the Spanish ethos.

idiom

[ˈidiəm] N. /习语；成语/expression whose meaning as a whole differsfrom the meanings of its individual words; distinctive style. The phrase "to lose one's marbles" is an idiom: if I say that Joe's lost his marbles, I'm not as king you to find somefor him. I'm telling you idiomatically that he's crazy.【根】idio = peculiar,private, "特殊的,个人的,自己的"

imminent

[ˈiminənt] ADJ. /即将到来，逼近的/near at hand; impending. Rosa was such a last-minute worker that she could never start writing a paper till the deadline was imminent.【根】min1.= project, "伸出,突出"; 2.= small, "小"

impious

[ˈimpiəs] ADJ. /不敬的；不礼貌的/irreverent. The congregation was offended by her impious remarks.

impudence

[ˈimpjudəns] N. /无礼；厚颜无耻/impertinence; insolence. Kissed onthe cheek by a perfect stranger, Lady Catherine exclaimed, "Of all the nerve! Young man, I should have you horse-whipped for your impudence."

implement

[ˈimplimənt] V. /贯彻，实现；用工具实现/put into effect; supply with tools. The mayor was unwilling to implement the planuntil she was sure it had the governor's backing. also N.【根】ple = full/fill, "满,填满"

infamous

[ˈinfəməs] ADJ. /臭名昭著的，恶名远扬的/notoriously bad. Charles Manson and Jeffrey Dahmer are both infamous killers.

clientele

[ˌklaɪənˈtel, ˌkli:ɑ:n-] N. /常客/body of customers. The rock club attracted a young, stylish clientele.

incidence

[ˈinsidəns] N. /发生；发生率；影响的范围、频度；入射角；关联，相结合，对接/rate of occurrence; particular occurrence. Healthprofessionals expressed great concern over the high incidence of infant mortality in major urban areas.【根】cid1.= fall, "落下,降临"; 2. 引申为偶然发生

insulated

[ˈinsjuleitid] ADJ. /分离；隔离/set apart; isolated. A well-to-do bachelor, James spent his money freely, insulated from the cares of his friends, who had families to support.

integrate

[ˈintiɡreit] V. /整合，合并/make whole; combine; make into one unit. She tried to integrate all their activities into one program.【根】integr = whole, "完整"

integral

[ˈintiɡrəl] ADJ. /一体的，完整的/complete; necessary forcompleteness. Physical education is an integral part of ourcurriculum; a sound mind and a sound body are complementary.【根】integr = whole, "完整"

intricate

[ˈintrikit] ADJ. /复杂的；错综的 /complex; knotty; tangled. Philip spent many hours designing mazes so intricate that none of his classmates could solve them. intricacy, N.

intellect

[ˈintəlekt] N. /智力/higher mental powers. He thought college woulddevelop his inte lect.【根】lect1.= choose,gather, "选择,收集"; 2.= speak,read, "讲,读,说"

interloper

[ˈintələupə] N. /闯入者；干涉者/intruder; unwanted meddler. The merchant thought of his competitors as interlopers who were stealing away his trade.

interim

[ˈintərim] N. /临时的；间歇的/meantime. The company will not consider our proposal until next week; in the interim, let us proceed as we have in the past.

innovative

[ˈinəuveitiv] ADJ. /新奇的；创新的/novel; introducing a change. The establishment of our SAT I computer data base has enabled us tocome up with some innovative tactics for doing well on the SAT.【根】nov = new, "新的"

insightful

[ˈinˌsaitful] ADJ. /有洞察力的/discerning; perceptive. Sol thought he was very insightful about human behavior, but he was actually clueless as to why people acted the way they did.【根】sight = vision, "眼光；观察，看"

innate

[ˈiˈneit] ADJ. /先天的，天生的/inborn. Mozart's parents soonrecognized young Wolfgang's innate talent for music.【根】nat = born, "出生的,本土的"

euphemism

[ˈju:fəˌmɪzəm] N. /委婉的表达/mild expression in place of anunpleasant one. The expression "he passed away" is a euphemism for "he died."

eulogy

[ˈju:lədʒi:] N. /颂词；赞美词/expression of praise, often on theoccasion of someone's death. Instead of delivering a spokeneulogy at Genny's memorial service, Jeff sang a song he had written in her honor.

counterpart

[ˈkauntəpɑ:t] N. / 副体，极相似的人或物 /a thing that completes another; things very much alike. Night and day are counterparts, complementing one another.【根】counter "反对,相反"; part = part/divide, "部分,分开"【记】(counter反对,相反+part部分→反面一样的部分→对应人物)

countenance

[ˈkaʊntənəns] V. /支持，赞助/approve; tolerate. He refused to countenance such rude behavior on their part.【根】ten1.= hold, "拿住,握住,支撑"; 2. 挽留【记】(coun = con+ten拿住,握住,支撑+ance表名词→全部控制→容忍, 不提意见,同意)

countermand

[ˈkaʊntəˌmænd, ˌkaʊntəˈmænd] V. /取消，撤消/cancel; revoke. The general countermanded the orders issued in his absence.【根】counter "反对,相反"; mand = order,"命令"【记】（counter反+mand→反命令 = 撤消命令）

cower

[ˈkaʊə] V. /畏缩，退缩/shrink quivering, as from fear. The frightened child cowered in the corner of the room.

cadence

[ˈkeidəns] N. /平仄，重音/rhythmic rise and fall (of words or sounds); beat. Marching down the road, the troops sang out, following the cadence set by the sergeant.【根】cad1.= fall, "落下,降临"; 2. 引申为偶然发生【记】(cad落下,降临+ence表名词→落下的声音→声音高低抑扬)

canine

[ˈkeɪnaɪn] ADJ. /狗的/related to dogs; dog-like. Some days the canine population of Berkeley seems almost to outnumber the human population,【根】can = dog "狗"

killjoy

[ˈkildʒɔi] N. /扫兴的人；煞风景/grouch; spoilsport. At breakfast we had all been enjoying our bacon and eggs until thatki ljoy John started talking about how bad animal fats were for ourhealth.

cubicle

[ˈkju:bɪkəl] N. / 小卧室 /small compartment partitioned off; small bed-chamber. Hoping to personalize their workspace, the staff members decorated their tiny identical cubicles in markedly individual ways.【根】cub1.= lie down, "躺"; 2.= barrier, 躺的"东西,障碍"

culinary

[ˈkju:ləˌneri:,ˈkʌlə-] ADJ. /厨房用的，烹调用的/relating to cooking. Many chefs attribute their culinary skill to the wise use of spices.

cumulative

[ˈkju:mjulətiv] ADJ. / 累积的 /growing by addition. Vocabulary building is a cumulative process: as you go through your flashcards, you will add new words to your vocabulary, one by one.【根】cumul = heap, "堆积"

clemency

[ˈklemənsi:] N. /温和；仁慈/disposition to be lenient; mildness, as of the weather. The lawyer was pleased when the case was sent to Judge Smith's chambers because Smith was noted for her clemency toward first offenders.

clamor

[ˈklæmə] N. /吵闹声；噪音/noise. The clamor of the children at play outside made it impossible for her to take a nap. Also V.【根】clam = cryout,shout, "呼喊，叫喊"【记】（clam+or表名词）

clapper

[ˈklæpə] N. /铃舌，钟舌/striker (tongue) of a bell. Wishing to be undisturbed by the bell, Dale wound his scarf around the clapper to muffle the noise of its striking.

clangor

[ˈklæŋɡə] N. /大声喧哗；持续的铿锵声/loud, resounding noise. The blacksmith was accustomed to the clangor of hammers on steel.

cloying

[ˈklɔɪɪŋ] ADJ. /倒胃口；过度的/distasteful (because excessive); excessively sweet or sentimental. Disliking the cloying sweetness of standard wedding cakes, Jody and Tom chose to have homemade carrot cake at the reception. cloy, V.

crestfallen

[ˈkrestˌfɔ:lən] ADJ. / 垂头丧气的 /dejected; dispirited. We were surprised at his reaction to the failure of his project; instead of being crestfallen, he was busily engaged in planning new activities.

crevice

[ˈkrevɪs] N. /（墙壁，岩石等的）裂缝 /crack; fissure. The mountain climbers found footholds in the tiny crevices in the mountainside.

craven

[ˈkreɪvən] ADJ. /怯懦的，畏缩的 /cowardly. Lillian's craven refusal to join the protest was criticized by her comrades, whohad expected her to be brave enough to stand up for her beliefs.

credence

[ˈkri:dns] N. /信任/belief. Do not place any credence in his promises.【根】cred = believe/trust, "相信,信任"

credo

[ˈkri:dəʊ, ˈkreɪ-] N. /信条/creed. I believe we may best describe his credo by saying that it approximates the Golden Rule.

crabbed

[ˈkræbɪd] ADJ. /乖戾的，易怒的 /sour; peevish. The crabbed old man was voided by the children because he scolded them when they made noise.

chronic

[ˈkrɔnik] ADJ. / 慢性的/long established as a disease. The doctors were finally able to attribute his chronic headaches and nausea to traces of formaldehyde gas in his apartment.【根】chron = time, "时间"

chronicle

[ˈkrɔnɪkəl] V. /编年史/report; record (in chronological order). The gossip columnist was paid to chronicle the latest escapades of the socially prominent celebrities. also N.【根】chron = time, "时间"

crotchety

[ˈkrɔtʃiti] ADJ. /有怪想的，反复无常的 /eccentric; whimsical. Although he was reputed to be a crotchety old gentleman, I found his ideas substantially sound and sensible.

cryptic

[ˈkrɪptɪk] ADJ. /秘密的，含义模糊的 /mysterious; hidden; secret. Thoroughly baffled by Holmes's cryptic remarks, Watson wondered whether Holmes was intentionally concealing his thoughts about the crime.

kudos

[ˈku:ˌdəʊz] N. /名望，声誉/honor; glory; praise. The singer complacently received kudos from his entourage on his performance. 【记】名望和声誉kudos就是苦ku做do's的人得来的

calculated

[ˈkælkjuleitid] ADJ. /预先计划好的，算好的；合适的/deliberately planned; likely. Lexy's choice of clothes to wear to the debate tournament was carefully calculated. Her conventional suit was one calculated to appeal to the conservative judges.【根】calc = stone,"石头"

caliber

[ˈkæləbə] N. /能力；品质/ability; quality. Einstein's cleaning the blackboards again? Albert, quit it! A man of your caliber shouldn't have to do such menial tasks.

calumny

[ˈkæləmni:] N. /诽谤；中伤/malicious misrepresentation; slander. He could endure his financial failure, but he could not bear the calumny that his foes heaped upon him.

callous

[ˈkæləs] ADJ. /硬心肠的，无情的/hardened; unfeeling. He had worked in the hospital for so many years that he was callous to the suffering in the wards. callus, N.【根】call = hard skin,"硬皮"

callow

[ˈkæləʊ] ADJ. /年幼，稚嫩；无经验/youthful; immature; inexperienced. As a freshman, Jack was sure he was a man of the world; as a sophomore, he made fun of freshmen as callow youths. In both cases, his judgment showed just how callow he was.【根】call = hard skin,"硬皮"

cameo

[ˈkæmi:ˌəʊ] N. /贝壳上的浮雕；特写（演员）/shell or jewel carved in relief; star's special appearance in a minor role in a film. Don't bother buying cameos from the street peddlers in Rome: the carvings they sell are clumsy jobs. Did you enjoy Bill Murray's cameo in Little Shop of Horrors? He was onscreen for only a minute, but he cracked me up.

camouflage

[ˈkæməˌflɑ:ʒ, -ˌflɑ:dʒ] V. /伪装/disguise; conceal. In order to rescue HanSolo, Princess Leia camouflaged herself in the helmet and cloak of a space bandit.

candor

[ˈkændə] N. /开诚布公；坦率/frankness; open honesty. Jack can carry candor too far: when he told Jill his honest opinion of her, she nearly slapped his face. candid, ADJ.

canny

[ˈkæni:] ADJ. / 谨慎的；节约的 /shrewd; thrifty. The canny Scotsman was more than a match for the swindlers.

canto

[ˈkæntəu] N. /（长诗的）分篇/division of a long poem. Dante's poetic masterpiece The Divine Comedy is divided into cantos.【根】cant = sing/song, "唱,歌"

canvass

[ˈkænvəs] V. / 调查；投票/determine votes, etc. After canvassing the sentiments of his constituents, the congressman was confident that he represented the majority opinion of his district. also N.

captivate

[ˈkæptəˌveɪt] V. /迷住；迷惑/charm or enthrall. Bart and Lisa were captivated by their new nanny's winning manner.【根】cap1.= take/hold/seize,,"拿,抓,握住"; 2.= head, "头"【记】（cap+tivate）

caption

[ˈkæpʃən] N. /标题/title; chapter heading; text under illustration. The captions that accompany The Far Side cartoons are almost as funny as the pictures. alsoV.【根】cap = head, "头"【记】（cap+tion）

carat

[ˈkærət] N. /克拉；开；K/unit of weight for precious stones; measure of fineness of gold. He gave her a three-carat diamond mounted in an eighteen-carat gold band.

caricature

[ˈkærɪkəˌtʃʊə, -tʃə] N. /歪曲；漫画；讽刺画/distortion; burlesque. The caricatures he drew always emphasized a personal weakness of the people he burlesqued. Also V.【根】caric = load,"过分"

advent

[ˈædvənt] N. /到来，出现/arrival. Most Americans were unaware of the advent of the Nuclear Age until the news of Hiroshima reached them.【根】vent1.= come, "来,走"; 2.= wind, "风"

castigate

[ˈkæstɪˌgeɪt] V. /严厉批评；惩罚/criticize severely; punish. When the teacher threatened that she would castigate the mischievous boys if they didn't behave, they shaped up in a hurry.【根】cast = pure, "纯洁"【记】(cast纯洁+ig+ate表动词→使......纯洁→惩罚 [错误])

catcall

[ˈkætkɔ:l] N. /嘘声/shout of disapproval; boo. Every major league pitcher has off days during which he must learn to ignore the catcalls and angry hisses from the crowd.

catalyst

[ˈkætlɪst] N. /催化剂/agent which brings about a chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged. Many chemical reactions cannot take place without the presence of a catalyst.

cataclysm

[ˈkætəˌklɪzəm] N. /巨变；剧变；灾难/upheaval; deluge. A cataclysm such as the French Revolution affects all countries. cataclysmic, ADJ.

catapult

[ˈkætəˌpʌlt,-ˌpʊlt] N. /弹弓；弹射器/slingshot; a hurling machine. Airplanes are sometimes launched from battleships by catapults. also V.

cataract

[ˈkætəˌrækt] N. /大瀑布；白内障/great waterfall; eye abnormality. She gazed with awe at the mighty cataract known as Niagara Falls.

catechism

[ˈkætɪˌkɪzəm] N. /教义问答手册；FAQ,Q&A/book for religious instruction; instruction by question and answer. He taught by engaging his pupils in a catechism until they gave him the correct answer.

cavil

[ˈkævəl] V. /挑剔/make frivolous objections. It's fine when you make sensible criticisms, but it really bugs me when you cavil about unimportant details. also N.

chasm

[ˈkæzəm] N. /深渊/abyss. They could not see the bottom of the chasm.

casualty

[ˈkæʒjuəlti] N. /严重的事故；伤亡/serious or fatal accident. The number of automotive casualties on this holiday weekend was high.【根】cas1.= fall, "落下,降临"; 2. 引申为偶然发生【记】(casual偶然的+ty表名词→ [突然]落下的事→事故)

catholic

[ˈkæθəlɪk, ˈkæθlɪk] ADJ. /一般的，普遍的；天主教/broadly sympathetic; liberal. He was extremely catholic in his taste and read everything he could find in the library.【根】cathol = general,"普通的"

cardinal

[ˈkɑ:dinl] ADJ. /主要的/chief. If you want to increase your word power, the cardinal rule of vocabulary-building is to read.【根】card1.= heart, "心脏,一致"; 2.= paper, "纸片"【记】（card+inal）

carnal

[ˈkɑ:nəl] ADJ. /肉体的；欲望的/fleshly. Is the public more interested in carnal pleasures than in spiritual matters? Compare the number of people who read Playboy daily to the number of those who read the Bible or Koran every day.【根】carn = flesh, "肉,肉欲"【记】（carn肉,肉欲+al......的→adj.肉体的;肉欲)

carnage

[ˈkɑ:nɪdʒ] N. /残杀；大屠杀/destruction of life. The film The Killing Fields vividly depicts the carnage wreaked by PolPot's followers in Cambodia.【根】carn = flesh, "肉,肉欲"【记】（把人变成肉）

cordial

[ˈkɔ:djəl] ADJ. /热忱的，诚恳的/gracious; heartfelt. Our hosts greeted us at the airport with a cordial welcome and a hearty hug.【根】cord = heart, "心脏,一致"【记】(cord心脏,一致+ial......的→adj.首要的,主要的)

cordon

[ˈkɔ:dn] N. /哨兵线，警戒线/extended line of men or fortifications to prevent access or egress. The police cordon was so tight that the criminals could not leave the area. also V.【记】(cord线，弦+on→悬在弦上)

caldron

[ˈkɔ:drən] N. /大锅/large kettle. "Why, Mr. Crusoe," said the savage heating the giant caldron," we'd love to have you for dinner!"

caucus

[ˈkɔ:kəs] N. /核心小组会议（秘密）/private meeting of members of a party to select officers or determine policy. At the opening of Congress, the members of the Democratic Party held a caucus to elect the Majority Leader of the House and the Party Whip.

corpulent

[ˈkɔ:pjələnt] ADJ. /肥胖的/very fat. The corpulent man resolved to reduce. corpulence, N.【根】corp = body, "身体,团体"【记】(corp身体,团体+ulent多......的→多身体的→肥胖的)

caustic

[ˈkɔ:stɪk] ADJ. /腐蚀；挖苦 /burning; sarcastically biting. The critic's caustic remarks angered the hapless actors who were the subjects of his sarcasm.【根】caust = burn "烧"【记】（caust+ic→像烧过的一样→腐蚀的）

causal

[ˈkɔ:zəl] ADJ. /因果关系的/implying a cause-and-effect relationship. The psychologist maintained there was a causal relationship between the nature of one's early childhood experiences and one's adult personality. causality, N.【根】caus = reason,"原因"

coddle

[ˈkɔdl] V. /娇养，溺爱/to treat gently. Don't coddle the children so much; they need a taste of discipline.

codicil

[ˈkɔdəsɪl] N. /遗嘱的附录/supplement to the body of a will. Miss Havisham kept her lawyers busy drawing up codicils to add to her already complicated will.

codify

[ˈkɔdɪˌfaɪ, ˈkəʊdə-] V. /编纂/arrange (laws, rules) as a code; classify. We need to take the varying rules and regulations of thedifferent health agencies and codify them into a national health code.

cogitate

[ˈkɔdʒɪˌteɪt] V. /考虑/think over. Cogitate on this problem; the solution will come.

cognate

[ˈkɔgˌneɪt] ADJ. /同源的/related linguistically: allied by blood: similar or akin in nature. The English word "mother" is cognate to the Latin word "mater," whose influence is visible in the words "maternal" and "maternity." also N.【根】nat = born, "出生的,本土的"【记】(cog同+nat出生的,本土的+e→同生的)

choleric

[ˈkɔlərɪk, kəˈlerɪk] ADJ. /易发怒的；脾气坏/hot-tempered. His flushed, angry face indicated a choleric nature.

impostor

] [ɪmˈpɔstə] N. /冒充者；冒名顶替的人/someone who assumes a false identity. Holmes exposed the doctor as an impostor.

compound

[ˈkɔmpaund] V. /混合；组合；增加/combine; constitute; pay interest; increase. The makers of the popular cold remedy compounded a nasal decongestant with an antihistamine. also N.【根】pound= put, "放置"【记】（com全部+pound放→全部放到一起→化合物）

complement

[ˈkɔmplimənt] V. /补足；完善/complete; consummate; make perfect. The waiter recommended a glass of port to complement the cheese. also N.【根】ple = full/fill, "满,填满"【记】(com全部+ple满,填满+ment表名词→全部满→补足)

compromise

[ˈkɔmprəmaiz] V. /危害；妥协/adjust or settle by making mutual concessions; endanger the interests or reputation of. Sometimes the presence of a neutral third party can help adversaries compromise their differences. Unfortunately, you're not neutral; therefore, your presence here compromises our chances of reaching an agreement. also N.【根】Miss,mit=send,cast, "送，放出"【记】(com一起+pro前面＋mise→一起在做事前放出的话→妥协）

comparable

[ˈkɔmpərəbl] ADJ. /相似的/similar. People whose jobs are comparable in difficulty should receive comparable pay.【根】par1.= bring birth, "生产,生出小孩"; 2.= come in sight, "看见;出现"; 3.= get ready, "准备;安置"; 4.= equal, "平等"

conduit

[ˈkɔndit] N. / 管道，导管 /aqueduct; passageway for fluids. Water was brought to the army in the desert by an improvised conduit from the adjoining mountain.

conjure

[ˈkɔndʒə, kənˈdʒʊə] V. / 施魔法，变戏法 /summon a devil; practice magic; imagine or invent. Sorcerers conjure devils to appear. Magicians conjure white rabbits out of hats. Political candidates conjure up images of reformed cities and a world at peace.【根】jur = swear/law, "发誓,法律;正确,正直"【记】(con全部+jure = jur发誓,法律;正确,正直→全部发誓→恳求别人;引申为变魔术)

conjugal

[ˈkɔndʒəgəl, kənˈdʒu:-] ADJ. / 结婚的 /pertaining to marriage. Their dreams of conjugal bliss were shattered as soon as their temperaments clashed.【根】jug = yoke, "牛轭"【记】(con共同+jug牛轭+al......的→共同在轭下)

confiscate

[ˈkɔnfiskeit] V. /没收，充公/seize; commandeer. The army confiscated all available supplies of uranium.

confluence

[ˈkɔnflu:əns] N. /汇合/flowing together; crowd. They built the city at the confluence of two rivers.【根】flu = flow, "流动"【记】（con共同+flu+ence →流到一起→汇流的）

consonance

[ˈkɔnsənəns] N. /一致，调和/harmony; agreement. Her agitation seemed out of consonance with her usual calm.【根】son = sound, "声音"【记】(con共同+son声音+antce→声音相同→一致)

consummate

[ˈkɔnsəˌmeɪt] ADJ. /圆满的，完美的/complete. I have never seen anyone who makes as many stupid errors as you do; what a consummate idiot you are! also V.【根】sum = add up, "总,加"【记】(con全部+sum总,加+mate→全部总和→完成的)

consecrate

[ˈkɔnsɪˌkreɪt] V. /献给，使神圣/dedicate; sanctify . We shall consecrate our lives to this noble purpose.

context

[ˈkɔntekst] N. /上下文/writings preceding and following the passage quoted. Because these lines are taken out of context, they do not convey the message the author intended.【根】text = weave, "编织"【记】(con共同+text编织→共同编织在一起的)

contraband

[ˈkɔntrəˌbænd] N. ADJ. / 违法交易，走私 /illegal trade; smuggling. The Coast Guard tries to prevent traffic in contraband goods.

controvert

[ˈkɔntrəˌvɜ:t, ˌkɔntrəˈvɜ:t] V. /辩论；反驳 /oppose with arguments; attempt to refute; contradict. The witness's testimony was so clear and her reputation for honesty so well-established that the defense attorney decided it was wiser to make no attempt to controvert what she said.【根】vert = turn, "转"【记】(contro = contra相反+vert转→相反转→反驳)

continence

[ˈkɔntənəns] N. /自制，克制/self-restraint; sexual chastity. At the convent, Connie vowed to lead a life of continence. The question was, could Connie be content with always being continent?【根】tain ten tin=hold。,"拿住" 【记】（con全部+tin+ence→自己全部拿住→自制）

convoluted

[ˈkɔnvəˌlu:tɪd] ADJ. / 旋绕的 /coiled around; involved; intricate. The new tax regulations are so convoluted that even accountants have trouble following their twists and turns.【根】vol,volv,volt = roll,turn, "卷"

conifer

[ˈkɔnəfə, ˈkəʊnə-] N. / 针叶树 /pine tree; cone-bearing tree. According to geologists, the conifers were the first plants to bear flowers.【根】fer = bring/carry, "带来,拿来"【记】（coni松果+fer→带来松果的树→针叶树）

concord

[ˈkɔnˌkɔ:d, ˈkɔŋ-] N. / 和谐，一致 /harmony; agreement between people or things. Watching Tweedledum and Tweedledee battle, Alice wondered at their lack of concord.【根】cord = heart, "心脏,一致"

consort

[ˈkɔnˌsɔ:t] V. /陪伴, 结交/associate with. We frequently judge people by the company with whom they consort.【根】sort = kind, "种类"【记】(con共同+sort种类→同类相聚→结交)

convex

[ˈkɔnˌveks, kənˈveks] ADJ. /凸起的/curving outward. He polished the convex lens of his telescope.

corrugated

[ˈkɔruɡeitid] ADJ. /缩成皱纹的，使起波状的 /wrinkled; ridged. She wished she could smooth away the wrinkles from his corrugated brow.【根】rug = wrinkle, "皱"【记】(cor加强+rug +ated......的→一再起皱纹)

cosmic

[ˈkɔzmik] ADJ. /宇宙的 /pertaining to the universe; vast. Cosmic rays derive their name from the fact that they bombard the earth's atmosphere from outer space. cosmos, N.【根】cosm = world, "世界,宇宙"【记】(cosm世界,宇宙+ic......的→adj.宇宙的;无比巨大的,无穷尽的)

congruent

[ˈkɔŋgru:ənt, kənˈgru:-] ADJ. / 适合的 /in agreement; corresponding. In formulating a hypothesis, we must keep it congruent with what we know of the real world; it cannot disagree with our experience.

cognitive

[ˈkɔɡnitiv] ADJ. /认知的/having to do with knowing or perceiving; related to the mental processes. Though Jack was emotionally immature, his cognitive development was admirable; he was very advanced intellectually.【根】cogn = know,"认识，知道"

cognizance

[ˈkɔɡnizəns] N. /认知/knowledge. During the election campaign, the two candidates were kept in full cognizance of the international situation.【根】cogn = know,"认识，知道"

cogent

[ˈkəʊdʒənt] ADJ. /有说服力的/convincing. It was inevitable that David chose to go to Harvard: he had several cogent reasons for doing so, including a full-tuition scholarship. Katya argued her case with such cogency that the jury had to decide in favor of her client.

comatose

[ˈkəʊməˌtəʊs, ˈkɔmə-] ADJ. /昏迷；熟睡/a coma; extremely sleepy. The longwinded orator soon had his audience in a comatose state.

copious

[ˈkəʊpi:əs] ADJ. /丰富的，广识的/plentiful. She had copious reasons for rejecting the proposal.【根】cop = abundance, "丰富"

coterie

[ˈkəʊtəri:, ˌkəʊtəˈri:] N. /同行，圈内人 /group that meets socially; select circle. After his book had been published, he was invited to join the literary coterie that lunched daily at the hotel.

cursive

[ˈkɜ:sɪv] ADJ. / 连接的 /flowing, running. In normal writing we run our letters together in cursive form; in printing, we separate the letters.【根】curs = run, "跑,发生,快速做......"

kindle

[ˈkɪndl] V. /点燃，照亮，激起 /start a fire; inspire. One of the firstthings Ben learned in the Boy Scouts was how to kindle a fire byrubbing two dry sticks together. Her teacher's praise for her poetry kindled a spark of hope inside Maya.

kindred

[ˈkɪndrɪd] ADJ. /同族的，同类的；血缘的/related; belonging to the same family. Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn were two kindred spirits. also N.

courier

[ˈkʊəri:ə, ˈkɜ:-, ˈkʌr-] N. /送快信的人/messenger. The publisher sent a special courier to pick up the manuscript.【根】cour1.= run, "跑,发生,快速做......"; 2.= heart, "心脏,一致"【记】(cour跑,发生,快速做......+ier人→跑的人→信使)

culminate

[ˈkʌlmineit] V. / 达到顶点 /attain the highest point; climax. George Bush's years of service to the Republican Party culminated in his being chosen as the Republican candidate for the presidency. His subsequent inauguration as President of the United States marked the culmination of his political career.

culpable

[ˈkʌlpəbəl] ADJ. /该责备的，不周到的 /deserving blame. Corrupt politicians who condone the activities of the gamblers are equally culpable.【根】culp = fault, "错,罪"

culvert

[ˈkʌlvət] N. / 管路 /artificial channel for water. If we build a culvert under the road at this point, we will reduce the possibility of the road's being flooded during the rainy season.

colander

[ˈkʌləndə, ˈkɔl-] N. /过滤器/utensil with perforated bottom used for straining. Before serving the spaghetti, place it in a colander to drain it.

cumbersome

[ˈkʌmbəsəm] ADJ. /讨厌的，麻烦的/heavy; hard to manage. He was burdened down with cumbersome parcels.【根】cumb1.= lie down, "躺"; 2.= barrier, 躺的"东西,障碍"

comely

[ˈkʌmli:] ADJ. /清秀，美丽，漂亮；有吸引力的/attractive; agreeable. I would rather have a poor and comely wife than a rich and homely one.

couple

[ˈkʌpl] V. /连合，结合 /join; unite. The Flying Karamazovs couple expert juggling and amateur joking in their nightclub act.【记】couple夫妻结合

covenant

[ˈkʌvənənt] N. /契约，盟约/agreement. We must comply with the terms of the covenant.【根】ven = come, "来,走"【记】(co共同+ven来,走+ant→共同走来,协议)

covert

[ˈkʌvət, ˈkəʊvət, kəʊˈvɜ:t] ADJ. / 隐蔽的，偷偷摸摸的 /secret; hidden; implied. Investigations of the Central Intelligence Agency and other secret service networks reveal that such covert operations can get out of control.【根】cover = cover, "盖子"

covetous

[ˈkʌvɪtəs] ADJ. /贪婪的，妄羡的/avaricious; eagerly desirous of. The child was covetous by nature and wanted to take the toys belonging to his classmates. covet, V.

cozen

[ˈkʌzən] V. /欺骗，瞒 /cheat; hoodwink; swindle. He was the kind of individual who would cozen his friends in a cheap card game but remain eminently ethical in all business dealings.

cipher

[ˈsaɪfə] N. /密码/secret code. Lacking his code book, the spy was unable to decode the message sent to him in cipher.

cynosure

[ˈsaɪnəˌʃʊə, ˈsɪnə-] N. / 目标 /the object of general attention. As soon as the movie star entered the room, she became the cynosure of all eyes.【根】cyn = dog, "狗"（cynos [ = cyn]+ure→形状像狗的小熊星座）

celibate

[ˈseləbɪt] ADJ. /未婚的，独身的/unmarried; abstaining from sexual intercourse. The perennial bachelor vowed to remain celibate. celibacy, N.【根】celib = single,"单个"

celebrated

[ˈseləˌbreɪtɪd] ADJ. /名人的/famous ; well-known. Thanks to their race to break Roger Maris's home-run record, SammySosa and Mark McGwire are two of America's most celebrated baseball players. celebrity, N.【根】celebr = honor,"荣誉"

censor

[ˈsensə] N. /审查/overseer of morals; person who reads to eliminate inappropriate remarks. Soldiers dislike having their mail read by a censor but understand the need for this precaution. also V.【根】cens = judge,"判断"【记】(cens判断+or人→判断之人→审查员)

centigrade

[ˈsentiɡreid] ADJ. /华氏/measure of temperature used widely in Europe. On the centigrade thermometer, the freezing point of water is zero degrees.【根】cent = hundred,"一百"；grad = step/grade, "步,级"【记】(centi百+grade级,度→adj.&n.摄氏温度计 [的];百分度 [的])

censure

[ˈsenʃə] V. /责怪；批评/blame; criticize. The senator was censured for behavior inappropriate to a member of Congress. also N.【根】cens = judge,"判断"【记】(cens判断+ure表名词→判断审查 [别人]→责难)

cerebral

[ˈserəbrəl, səˈri:-] ADJ. /脑的；智力的/pertaining to the brain or intellect. The content of philosophical works is cerebral in nature and requires much thought.【根】cerebr = brain "大脑"

cession

[ˈseʃən] N. /给与；割让/yielding to another; ceding. The cession of Alaska to the United States is discussed in this chapter.

cynical

[ˈsinikəl] ADJ. / 愤世嫉俗的 /skeptical or distrustful of human motives. Cynical from birth, Sidney was suspicious whenever anyone gave him a gift "with no strings attached." cynic, N.

civil

[ˈsivl] ADJ. /民事的；国民的/having to do with citizens or the state; courteous and polite. Although Internal Revenue Service agents are civil servants, they are not always civil to suspected tax cheats.【根】civ = citizen, "公民"

certitude

[ˈsə:titju:d] N. /确实/certainty. Though there was no certitude of his getting the job, Lou thought he had a good chance of doing so.【根】cert = sure/separate, "搞清,区别"【记】(cert搞清,区别+itude状态→确定状态)

circumscribe

[ˈsɜ:kəmˌskraɪb] V. /限制/limit; confine. Although I do not wish to circumscribe your activities, I must insist that you complete this assignment before you start anything else.【根】circ = ring/circle, "圆,环";scrib = write, "写"

circumspect

[ˈsɜ:kəmˌspekt] ADJ. /慎重；周到/prudent; cautious. Investigating before acting, she tried always to be circumspect.【根】circ = ring/circle, "圆,环";spect = look/see, "看"

cistern

[ˈsɪstən] N. /水塔；水库/reservoir or water tank. The farmers were able to withstand the dry season by using rainwater they had stored in an underground cistern.【根】cist = box "盒子"【记】（cist盒子+ern→水箱）

citadel

[ˈsɪtədəl, -ˌdel] N. /大本营/fortress. The citadel overlooked the city like a protecting angel.

checkered

[ˈtʃekəd] ADJ. /多变的；像国际象棋棋盘一样的方格/marked bychanges in fortune. During his checkered career he had lived in palatial mansions and in dreary boardinghouses.

chary

[ˈtʃeəri:] ADJ. /谨慎；吝啬/cautious; sparing or restrained about giving. A prudent, thrifty, New Englander, DeWitt was as chary of investing money in junk bonds as he was chary of paying people unnecessary compliments.

chasten

[ˈtʃeɪsən] V. /磨练/discipline; punish in order to correct. Whom God loves, God chastens.

chalice

[ˈtʃælɪs] N. /圣餐杯/goblet; consecrated cup. In a small room adjoining the cathedral, many ornately decorated chalices made by the most famous European goldsmiths were on display.

champion

[ˈtʃæmpjən] V. /拥护/support militantly. Martin Luther King, Jr., won the Nobel Peace Prize because he championed the oppressed in their struggle for equality.

chortle

[ˈtʃɔ:tl] V. /得意的笑/chuckle with delight. When she heard that her rival had just been jailed for embezzlement, she chortled with joy. She was not a nice lady.

churlish

[ˈtʃɜ:lɪʃ] ADJ. /粗鲁的/boorish; rude. Dismayed by his churlish mapners at the party, the girls vowed never to invite him again.

chisel

[ˈtʃɪzəl] N. /凿子/wedge like tool for cutting. With his hammer and chisel, the sculptor chipped away at the block of marble.

abrogate

[ˈæbrəˌgeɪt] ADJ. /废除/abolish. He intended to abrogate the decree issued by his predecessor.【根】rog = ask, "要求,问【记】（ar+rog+ate→一再要求→废除）

abstract

[ˈæbstrækt] ADJ. /抽象的/theoretical; not concrete ; nonrepresenta¬tional. To him, hunger was an abstract concept; he had never missed a meal.【根】tract = draw, "拉,拖,抽"【记】(abs离开+tract拉→从实质中被拉开抽出→抽象的)

abstinence

[ˈæbstənəns] N. /节制（饮食）/restraint from eating or drinking. The doctor recommend ed total abstinence from salted foods. abstain,V.【根】tin=hold,"拿住【记】（abs离开+tin+ence→不在拿住→戒除）

absolute

[ˈæbsəlju:t] ADJ. /完全的，肯定的/complete; totally unlimited; certain. Although the King of Siam was an absolute monarch , he did not want to behead his unfaithful wife without absolute evidence of her infidelity .【根】solu = loosen, "溶解,解决,松开"【记】(ab相反,不+solu溶解,解决,松开+te→绝不松开的→绝对的)

abject

[ˈæbˌdʒekt, æbˈdʒekt] ADJ. /穷困潦倒，卑微/wretched; lacking pride. On the streets of New York the homeless live in abject poverty, huddling in doorways to find shelter from the wind.【根】ject = throw/st, "投掷,扔"【记】(ab离开+ject抛→抛掉→可怜的)

addle

[ˈædl] V. /使变疯，腐坏/muddle; drive crazy; become rotten. This idiotic plan is confusing enough to addle anyone. addled, ADJ.【记】爱a到d底d了le 就会发疯

adverse

[ˈædvə:s] ADJ. /讨厌的，敌意的/unfavorable; hostile. The recession had a highly adverse effect on Father's investment portfolio : he lost so much money that he could no longer afford the butler and the upstairs maid. adversity, N.【根】vers= turn, "转"

advocate

[ˈædvəkeit] V. /辩护/urge; plead for. The abolitionists advocated freedom for the slaves. also N.【根】voc,vok = call voice,"叫喊，声音"【记】（ad增强+voc+ate→增强声音→拥护）

advocacy

[ˈædvəkəsi:] N. /支持，辩护/support; active pleading on something's behalf. No threats could dissuade Bishop Desmond Tutu from his advocacy of the human rights of black South Africans.【根】voc,vok = call voice,"叫喊，声音"【记】（ad增强+voc+acy→增强声音→拥护）

adamant

[ˈædəmənt, -ˌmænt] ADJ. /坚硬，不动摇/hard; inflexible. Bronson played the part of a revenge-driven man, adamant in his determination to punish the criminals who destroyed his family. adamancy, N.【根】dama = conpuer, "征服"【记】(a不+dama+ [a]nt→不可征服的);爱a大da米m的蚂蚁ant,意志坚定不动摇

adage

[ˈædɪdʒ] N. /格言，谚语/wise saying; proverb. There is much truth in the old adage about fools and their money.【记】格言就是爱a的d爱a歌ge

agitate

[ˈædʒiteit] V. /激怒，打扰/stir up; disturb. Her fiery remarks agitated the already angry mob.【根】ag = do, act,,"做，代理做"【记】（ag+itate表动作→反复作→鼓动）

adjunct

[ˈædʒʌŋkt] N. /无用的附加物/something added on or attached (generally nonessential or inferior). Although I don't absolutely need a second computer, I plan to buy a laptop to serve as an adjunct to my desktop model.【根】junct = join, "结合,连接"【记】（ad增加+junct→加上连接→附属物；助手）

affluence

[ˈæflu:əns, əˈflu:-] N. /富足，财富/abundance; wealth. Foreigners are amazed by the affluence and luxury of the American way of life.【根】flu = flow, "流动" 【记】（af一再+flu流+ence表名词→一再流入→富裕)

affable

[ˈæfəbəl] ADJ. /平易近人的/easily approachable; warmly friendly. Accustomed to cold, aloof supervisors, Nicholas was amazed at how affable his new employer was.【根】fabl = speak, "讲,说"【记】（af接近+fable→接近说话→和蔼的）

aphorism

[ˈæfəˌrɪzəm] N. /格言，警句，谚语/pithy maxim. An aphorism differs from an adage in that it is more philosophical or scientific. "The proper study of mankind is man" is an aphorism. "There's no smoke without a fire" is an adage. aphoristic, ADJ.【根】phor = bring, "带来"【记】（a+phor+ism→带来 [思想，智慧]→格言）

acme

[ˈækmɪ] N. /顶点/top; pinnacle. His success in this role marked the acme of his career as an actor.【根】acu = sour/sharp, "尖,酸,锐利"【记】（acumen的变体）

acrid

[ˈækrɪd] ADJ. /尖锐；尖酸/sharp; bitterly pungent. The acrid odor of burnt gunpowder filled the room after the pistol had been fired.【根】acrid= sour, sharp,,"尖，酸，锐利"

axiom

[ˈæksi:əm] N. /公理，自明的道理/self-evident truth requiring no proof. Before a student can begin to think along the lines of Euclidean geometry, he must accept certain principles or axioms.【根】axi = worthy "有价值"

actuate

[ˈæktʃu:ˌeɪt] V. / 推动，促使/motivate. I fail to understand what actuated you to reply to this letter so nastily .

aquiline

[ˈækwəˌlaɪn, -lɪn] ADJ. /弯曲的，钩状的/curved, hooked. He can be recognized by his aquiline nose, curved like the beak of the eagle.【记】(aqu水+i+line→线条像水一样→弯曲的)

accolade

[ˈækəˌleɪd, -ˌlɑ:d] N. /出名的大奖/award of merit. In Hollywood, an "Oscar" is the highest accolade.【记】爱a吃c醋c 和o辣la的de也能获大奖

alimony

[ˈæliməni] N. /（离婚后的）生活费，抚养费/payment by a husband to his divorced wife (or vice versa). Mrs. Jones was awarded $200 monthly alimony by the court when she was divorced from her husband.【根】al = nourish 营养

allegory

[ˈæliɡəri] N. /寓言/story in which characters are used as symbols; fable. Pilgrim's Progress is an allegory of the temptations and victories of man's soul. allegorical, ADJ.【根】leg1.= law, "法律"; 2.= speak,read, "讲,读,说"

alchemy

[ˈælkəmi:] N. /炼金术士/medieval chemistry. The changing of baser metals into gold was the goal of the students of alchemy. alchemist, N.【根】chem = chemistry

alloy

[ˈælɔi] N. /合金/a mixture as of metals. Alloys of gold are used more frequently than the pure metal.【根】loy = tie,bind, "捆绑,联合,约束"【记】(al = ad+loy结合→n.合金 v.使成合金, 减低成色)

allocate

[ˈæləkeit] V. /分配，制定/assign. Even though the Red Cross had allocated a large sum for the relief of the sufferers of the disaster, many people perished.【根】loc = place, "地方"【记】（al一再+locate→不断送给地方→分配 [东西]）

alcove

[ˈælˌkəʊv] N. /小隔间，壁橱/nook; small, recessed section of a room. Though their apartment lacked a full-scale dining room, an alcove adjacent to the living room made an adequate breakfast nook for the young couple.【记】躲在壁橱里暗a恋l是多么可恶cove的

ambience

[ˈæmbi:əns, ɑ:ŋˈbjɑ:ŋs] N. /环境/environment; atmosphere. She went to the restaurant not for the food but for the ambience.【记】（ambi两个+ences→两个之间的→ 环境）

ambulatory

[ˈæmbjulətəri] ADJ. /可移动的，不固定/able to walk; not bedridden. Juan was a highly ambulatory patient; not only did he refuse to be confined to bed, but he insisted on riding his skateboard up and down the halls.【根】ambul = walk, "行走,走路"【记】（ambul+a+tory→走的东西→救护车）

amble

[ˈæmbəl] N. /漫步，缓行/moving at an easy pace. When she first mounted the horse, she was afraid to urge the animal to go faster than a gentle amble. also V.【根】ambul = walk, "行走,走路"【记】(amble= ambul变异)

amphitheater

[ˈæmfəˌθi:ətə] N. /椭圆形的剧院，斗兽场/oval building with tiers of seats. The spectators in the amphitheater cheered the gladiators.【记】(amphi两个,两种+theater剧场→两个用的剧场→ )

amulet

[ˈæmjəlɪt] N. /护身符/charm; talisman. Around her neck she wore the amulet that the witch doctor had given her.【记】护身符就是一块a桃木mu，它能让let你通行

amnesty

[ˈæmnɪsti:] N. /原谅/pardon. When his first child was born, the king granted amnesty to all in prison.【根】mnes，mnem = remember,"记忆"【记】（a不+mnes+ty表名词→不再记 [恨]赦免）

amputate

[ˈæmpjʊˌteɪt] V. /截肢，切除/cut off part of body; prune. When the doctors had to amputate the young man's leg to prevent the spread of cancer, he did not let the loss of a limb keep him from participating in sports.

ample

[ˈæmpl] ADJ. /丰富的，富足的/abundant. Bond had ample opportunity to escape. Why did he let us catch him?【根】ampl1.= take/procure, "拿,获得,拿走后 [变空]"; 2.= large, "大"【记】(ampl大+e→adj.充分的,富裕的;宽敞的,宽大的)

amplify

[ˈæmplifai] V. /放大/broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make stronger. Charlie Brown tried to amplify his remarks, but he was drowned out by jeers from the audience. Lucy was smarter: she used a loudspeaker to amplify her voice.【根】ampl1.= take/procure, "拿,获得,拿走后 [变空]"; 2.= large, "大"【记】(ampl大+ify表动词→扩大)

amorous

[ˈæmərəs] ADJ. /爱情的/moved by sexual love; loving. "Love them and leave them" was the motto of the amorous Don Juan.【根】amor = love, "爱,情爱"【记】(amor爱,情爱+ous......的→adj.容易动情的,情爱的)

amicable

[ˈæmɪkəbəl] ADJ. /温和的，友好礼貌的/politely friendly; not quarrelsome. Beth's sister Jo is the hot-tempered tomboy who has a hard time maintaining amicable relations with those around her. Jo's quarrel with her friend Laurie finally reaches an amicable settlement, but not because Jo turns amiable overnight.【根】am = love, "爱,情爱"【记】(am爱,情爱+ic+able能......的→能爱 [你]的→友好的)

amity

[ˈæmɪti:] N. /友谊/friendship. Student exchange programs such as the Experiment in International Living were established to promote international amity.【根】am = love, "爱,情爱"【记】（am+ity状态→爱的状态→和睦）

anecdote

[ˈænikdəut] N. /奇闻轶事/short account of an amusing or interesting event. Rather than make concrete proposals for welfare reform, President Reagan told anecdotes about poor people who became wealthy despite their impoverished backgrounds.【根】dote = give, "给予"【记】(anec未出版+dote给予→说出来未出版的故事)

ancestry

[ˈænsistri] N. /祖先/family descent. David can trace his ancestry as far back as the seventeenth century, when one of his ancestors was a court trumpeter somewhere in Germany. ancestral, ADJ.【根】cess = go, "行走,前进"【记】（an = ante+cest = cess+or→走在前面的人→祖先）

ancillary

[ˈænsəˌleri:] ADJ. /辅助的/serving as an aid or accessory; auxiliary. In an ancillary capacity, Doctor Watson was helpful; however, Holmes could not trust the good doctor to solve a perplexing case on his own. also N.

antidote

[ˈæntɪˌdəʊt] N. /解药/medicine to counteract a poison or disease. When Marge's child accidentally swallowed some cleaning fluid, the local poison control hotline instructed Marge how to administer the antidote.【根】dote = give, "给予"【记】(anti反+dote [ = don]→给出反 [毒]→解毒药；另一种说法dote = dote药剂）

antiquated

[ˈæntɪˌkweɪtɪd] ADJ. /过时的，陈旧的/old-fashioned; obsolete. Philip had grown so accustomed to editing his papers on word processors that he thought typewriters were too antiquated for him to use.【根】Antiq= old, "古老"【记】（antique+ated）

anarchy

[ˈænəki:] N. /无政府主义/absence of governing body; state of disorder. The assassination of the leaders led to a period of anarchy.【根】archy = ruler/rule/chief,,"统治者,统治,主要的"【记】（an无＋archy）

anarchist

[ˈænəkist] N. /无政府主义者/person who seeks to overturn the established government; advocate of abolishing authority. Denying she was an anarchist, Katya maintained she wished only to make changes in our government, not to destroy it entirely. anarchy, N.【根】arch, archy = ruler, rule, chief,,"统治者，统治，主要的",【记】（an无+arch+ist→）

annals

[ˈænəlz] N. /记录，历史/records; history. In the annals of this period, we find no mention of democratic movements.【根】ann = year, "年,一年"【记】(ann年,一年+al状态+s→一年状态的综合→纪年表,年鉴,年报)

animus

[ˈænəməs] N. /敌意/hostile feeling or intent. The animus of the speaker became obvious to all when he began to indulge in sarcastic and insulting remarks.【根】anim = life/spirit,,"生命,精神"等【记】(anim恨+us→n.憎恨)

annotate

[ˈænəʊˌteɪt] V. /评论，注释/ comment; make explanatory notes. In the appendix to the novel, the editor sought to annotate many of the author's more esoteric references.【根】Not = know, "知道，注意"【记】（an给予+not+ate→给予注意→注解）

animated

[ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd] ADJ. /活跃的，有生气的/lively; spirited. Jim Carrey's facial expressions are highly animated: when he played Ace Ventura, he looked practically rubber-faced.【根】anim = life/spirit,,"生命,精神"等【记】（anim+ated→使有生命）

anthropoid

[ˈænθrəˌpɔɪd] ADJ. /类人的/manlike. The gorilla is the strongest of the anthropoid animals. also N.【根】anthrop = man,human, "人，人类"

anthem

[ˈænθəm] N. /圣歌，赞美诗/song of praise or patriotism. Let us no wall join in singing the national anthem.【记】anthem希腊文anthos = flower chrysanthemum N.菊花（chrys黄色anthem花+um）

aptitude

[ˈæptitju:d] N. /能力，才能/fitness; talent. The counselor gave him an aptitude test before advising him about the career he should follow.【根】apt = fit/ability, "适应,能力"【记】（apt+itude 状态→有能力的状态）

apogee

[ˈæpədʒi:] N. /顶点/highest point. When the moon in its orbit is farthest away from the earth, it is at its apogee.【记】(apo远离+gee地)

aperture

[ˈæpətʃə] N. /洞，穴，孔/opening; hole. She discovered a small aperture in the wall, through which the insects had entered the room.【根】aper＝open

garbled

[ˈɡɑ:bld] ADJ. /混淆/mixed up; jumbled; distorted. A favorite party game involves passing a whispered message fromone person to another until, by the time it reaches the last player, the message is totally garbled.

apposite

[ˈæpəzɪt] ADJ. /合适的/appropriate; fitting. He was always able to find the apposite phrase, the correct expression for every occasion.【根】posit1.= put, "放"; 2. 引申为"职位"【记】（ap加强动作+posite→放到（合适的位置）→适当的）

apathy

[ˈæpəθi:] N. /漠不关心/lack of caring; indifference. A firm believer in democratic government, she could not understand the apathy of people who never bothered to vote. apathetic, ADJ.【根】path = feeling,suffering,illness, "感情,痛苦,病"【记】（a 无+pathy→无感情）

arrogance

[ˈærə gəns] N. /傲慢，骄傲/pride; haughtiness. Convinced that Emma thought she was better than anyone else in the class, Ed rebuked her for her arrogance.【根】rog = ask, "要求,问"【记】(ar一再+rog要求,问+ance表名词→一再要的→arrogance傲慢)

arable

[ˈærəbəl] ADJ. /可耕种的/fit for growing crops. The first settlers wrote home glowing reports of the New World, praising its vast acres of arable land ready for the plow.【根】ar = plow （犁地）

arid

[ˈærɪd] ADJ. /荒芜的/dry; barren. The cactus has adapted to survive in an arid environment.

aspirant

[ˈæspərənt, əˈspaɪər-] N. /有志者；有抱负的人/seeker after position or status. Although I am an aspirant for public office, I am not willing to accept the dictates of the party bosses. also ADJ.【根】spir = breathe, "呼吸,精神"【记】（a加强+spir+ant→看到渴望的东西就加强呼吸的人→有志者）

astral

[ˈæstrəl] ADJ. /关于星的/relating to the stars. She was amazed at the number of astral bodies the new telescope revealed.【根】aster = star, "星星"【记】(astr = aster星星+al......的→adj.星的,星状的)

asteroid

[ˈæstəˌrɔɪd] N. /小行星/small planet. Asteroids have become commonplace to the readers of interstellar travel stories in science fiction magazines.【根】aster = star, "星星"【记】(aster星星+oid像......的→像星星的)

asinine

[ˈæsəˌnaɪn] ADJ. /愚蠢/stupid. Your asinine remarks prove that you have not given this problem any serious consideration.【根】asin = ass "驴"

assay

[ˈæsˌeɪ, æˈseɪ] V. /分析；化验/analyze; evaluate. When they assayed the ore, they found that they had discovered a very rich vein. also N.【记】(as一再+say说→一再说<分析>→分析)

atlas

[ˈætləs] N. /地图集/a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables. Embarrassed at being unable to distinguish Slovenia from Slovakia, George W. finally consulted an atlas.【记】（希腊神话人物Atlas"阿特拉斯"－擎天神）

*atrophy

[ˈætrəfi:] N. /萎缩，变得没用/wasting away. Polio victims need physiotherapy to prevent the atrophy of affected limbs. also V.【根】trophy = nutrition, "营养"【记】(a非+trophy)

atavism

[ˈætəvizəm] N. /反祖；隔代遗传/resemblance to remote ancestors rather than to parents; deformity returning after passage of two or more generations. The doctors ascribed the child's deformity to an atavism.【记】（at在，avi飞－在飞的时候－有一种说法：人的祖先是鸟）

*avarice

[ˈævərɪs] N. /贪婪，贪财/greediness for wealth. King Midas is a perfect example of avarice, for he was so greedy that he wished everything he touched would turn to gold.【根】avar = desire/bird, "渴望,鸟"【记】(avar渴望,鸟+ice状态→渴望状态→贪心)

avalanche

[ˈævəˌlæntʃ] N. /雪崩/great mass of falling snow and ice. The park ranger warned the skiers to stay on the main trails, where they would be in no danger of being buried beneath a sudden avalanche.

avid

[ˈævɪd] ADJ. /贪婪/greedy; eager for. He was avid for learning and read everything he could get. avidity, N.【根】av,avi = desire/bird, "渴望,鸟"

angular

[ˈæŋgjələ] ADJ. /有尖角的，瘦骨嶙峋的/sharp-cornered; stiff in manner. Mr. Spock's features, though angular, were curiously attractive, in a Vulcan way.【根】Angl,angul = angle 角

anchor

[ˈæŋkə] V. /固定；锚/secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place. We set the post in concrete to anchor it in place. anchorage, N.【记】anchor岸靠 →靠岸靠锚

anguish

[ˈæŋɡwiʃ] N. /极度痛苦/acute pain; extreme suffering. Visiting the site of the explosion, the governor wept to see the anguish of the victims and their families.【根】ang = strangle 勒死，窒息【根】angu = distress，"苦恼"

aggregate

[ˈæɡriɡit] V. /收集，聚集/gather; accumulate. Before the Wall Street scandals, dealers in so-called junk bonds managed to aggregate great wealth in short periods of time. aggregation, N.【根】greg = group, "群体"【记】（ag增加+greg+ate→增加团体→聚集）

ashen

[ˈæʃən] ADJ. /灰色/ash-colored. Her face was ashen with fear.【记】（ash灰+en一样的颜色→灰色的）

azure

[ˈæʒə] ADJ. /天蓝/sky blue. Azure skies are indicative of good weather.

arbitrary

[ˈɑ:bitrəri] ADJ. /反复无常；残暴；随机的/capricious; randomly chosen; tyrannical. Tom's arbitrary dismissal angered him; his boss had no reason to fire him. He threw an arbitrary assortment of clothes into his suitcase and headed off, not caring where he went.【根】arbit = judge, "判断"

arbiter

[ˈɑ:bɪtə] N. /仲裁者/a person with power to decide a dispute; judge. As an arbiter in labor disputes, she has won the confidence of the workers and the employers.【根】arbit = judge, "判断"

arbitrator

[ˈɑ:bɪˌtreɪtə] N. /仲裁者/judge. Because the negotiating teams had been unable to reach a contract settlement, an outside arbitrator was called upon to mediate the dispute between union and management. arbitration, N.-【根】arbit = judge, "判断"

arduous

[ˈɑ:dənt] ADJ. /努力；奋发/hard; strenuous. Her arduous efforts had sapped her energy.【根】ardu=ardu = difficult, "困难"

ardent

[ˈɑ:dənt] ADJ. /激烈的；热心肠的；有激情的/intense; passionate; zealous. Katya's ardor was contagious ; soon all her fellow demonstrators were busily making posters and handing out flyers, inspired by her ardent enthusiasm for the cause. ardor, N.【根】ard = to burn,"燃烧"

aftermath

[ˈɑ:ftəmæθ] N. /后果，结果/consequences; outcome; upshot. People around the world wondered what the aftermath of China's violent suppression of the student protests would be.【记】（after在...后+math数学→在数学计算后→后果、结果）

archives

[ˈɑ:kaivz] N. /档案；档案馆/public records; place where public records are kept. These documents should be part of the archives so that historians may be able to evaluate them in the future.【根】arch1.= bow, "弓"; 2.= ruler/rule/chief,,"统治者,统治,主要的"【记】(arch统治者,统治,主要的+ive物, 东西+s复数→统治的东西→统治者的文件→档案)

archetype

[ˈɑ:kɪˌtaɪp] N. /原形/prototype; primitive pattern. The Brooklyn Bridge was the archetype of the many spans that now connect Manhattan with Long Island and New Jersey.【根】archaeo = old,,"古"【记】（archa古代的，原始的+type－原形）

arsenal

[ˈɑ:sənəl] N. /军火库/storage place for military equipment. People are forbidden to smoke in the arsenal for fear that a stray spark might setoff the munitions stored there.

artless

[ˈɑ:tlɪs] ADJ. /坦诚；直率/without guile; open and honest. Sophisticated and cynical, Jack could not believe Jill was as artless and naive as she appeared to be.【根】art = skill, joint, trick,,"技巧,关节,诡计"【记】(art技巧,关节,诡计+less无→无诡计的)

artifice

[ˈɑ:təfɪs] N. /技巧；欺骗/deception; trickery. The Trojan War proved to the Greeks that cunning and artifice were often more effective than military might.【根】art = skill, joint, trick,,"技巧,关节,诡计"

artifact

[ˈɑ:təˌfækt] N. /人造物品/object made by human beings, either handmade or mass-produced. Archaeologists debated the significance of the artifacts discovered in the ruins of Asia Minor but came to no conclusion about the culture they represented.【根】art = skill, joint, trick,,"技巧,关节,诡计"【记】（arti+fact做出的东西，事实→人造物→工艺品）

artisan

[ˈɑ:tɪzən, -sən] N. /工匠/manually skilled worker; craftsman, as opposed to artist. A noted artisan, Arturo was known for the fine craftsmanship of his inlaid cabinets.【根】art = skill, joint, trick,,"技巧,关节,诡计"

audit

[ˈɔ:dit] N. /核算，稽核/examination of accounts. When the bank examiners arrived to hold their annual audit, they discovered the embezzlements of the chief cashier. Also V.【根】audit = hear, "听"

auditory

[ˈɔ:ditəri] ADJ. /听觉的/pertaining to the sense of hearing. Audrey suffered from auditory hallucinations: she thought Elvis was speaking to her from the Great Beyond.【根】audit = hear, "听"【记】(audit+ory)

augury

[ˈɔ:gjəri:] N. /占卜；预言/omen; prophecy. He interpreted the departure of the birds as an augury of evil. augur, V.【根】au = avi = bird鸟

aureole

[ˈɔ:riəl] N. /日冕/sun's corona; halo. Many medieval paintings depict saintly characters with aureoles around their heads.【根】aur 1 = gold,"金"2 = ear, "耳朵"，【记】（aureole太阳长金耳朵了）

autopsy

[ˈɔ:ˌtɔpsi:,ˈɔ:təp-] N. /验尸/examination of a dead body; post-mortem. The medical examiner ordered an autopsy to determine the cause of death. also V.-

earthy

[ˈə:θi] ADJ. /粗糙的；未加工的/unrefined; coarse. His earthy remarks often embarrassed the women in his audience.

aerie

[ˈɛəri] N. /猛禽的窝/nest of a large bird of prey (eagle, hawk). The mother eagle swoop ed down on the unwitting rabbit and bore it off to her aerie high in the Rocky Mountains.

irksome

[ˈɜ:ksəm] ADJ. /令人厌恶的；冗长乏味的/annoying; tedious. He foundworking on the assembly line irksome because of the monotonyof the operation he had to perform. irk, V.

gamely

[ˈɡeimli] ADV. /勇敢的，有精神的/bravely; with spirit. Because he hadfought gamely against a much superior boxer, the crowd gave him a standing ovation when he left the arena.

glacial

[ˈɡleisjəl] ADJ. /冰河的，冰川的/like a glacier; extremely cold. Never awarm person, when offended John could seem positively glacial.

graphic

[ˈɡræfik] ADJ. /图像的；图画的/pertaining to the art of delineating; vividly described. I was particularly impressed by thegraphic presentation of the storm.【根】graph ,gram= write, "写,图"

grandeur

[ˈɡrændʒə] N. /庄严，伟大，威严/impressiveness; stateliness; majesty. No matter how often he hiked through the mountains, David never failed to be struck by the grandeur of the Sierra Nevada range.【根】gran=dgrand, "大的"

gravity

[ˈɡræviti] N. /重力；严重，庄严，严肃 /seriousness. We could tell we were in serious trouble from the gravity of the principal'sexpression. (secondary meaning) grave, ADJ.【根】grav1.= heavy, "重"; 2.= ,"悲伤"

galleon

[ˈɡæliən] N. /大帆船/large sailing ship. The Spaniards pinned their hopes on the galleon, the large warship; the British, on thesmaller and faster pinnace.

galaxy

[ˈɡæləksi] N. /星系；一群显赫的人；一系列重要的人或物/large, isolatedsystem of stars, such as the Milky Way; any collection of brilliant personalities. Science fiction stories speculate about the possibleexistence of life in other galaxies. The deaths of such famous actors as John Candy and George Burns tells us that the galaxyof Hollywood superstars israpidly disappearing.【根】galax = milk, "乳"

gambit

[ˈɡæmbit] N. /弃子抢先/opening in chess in which a piece issacrificed. The player was afraid to accept his opponent's gambit because he feared a trap which as yet he could not see.

denouement

[ˌdeɪnu:ˈmɑ:ŋ] N. /结局；结果/outcome; final development of the plot of a play. The play was childishly written; the denouement was obvious to sophisticated theatergoers as early as the middle of the first act.

decomposition

[ˌdi:k ɔmpəˈzɪʃən] N. /瓦解；腐烂/decay. Despite the body's advanced state of decomposition, the police were able to identify the murdered man.

denotation

[ˌdi:nəuˈteiʃən] N. /指示；根据名字区别/meaning; distinguishing byname. A dictionary will always give us the denotation of a word; frequently, it will also give us the connotations. denote, V.【根】not = known, "知道,注意,注释"

disengage

[ˌdisinˈɡeidʒ] V. /脱离；分离/uncouple; separate; disconnect. A standard movie routine involves the hero's desperate attempt to disengage a railroad car from a moving train.

dissertation

[ˌdisəˈteiʃən] N. /论文（博士生）/formal essay. In order to earn a graduate degree from many of our universities, a candidate is frequently required to prepare a dissertation on some scholarly subject.

doctrinaire

[ˌdɔktrəˈneə] ADJ. /教条的；顽固的/unable to compromise about points of doctrine; dogmatic; unyielding. Weng had hoped that the student-led democracy movement might bring about change in China, but the repressive response of the doctrinaire hard-liners crushed his dreams of democracy.【根】doc = to teach, "教"

domineer

[ˌdɔmiˈniə] V. /暴力压制/rule over tyrannically. Students prefer teachers who guide, not ones who domineer.

dermatologist

[ˌdə:məˈtɔlədʒist] N. /皮肤病专家/one who studies the skin and its diseases. I advise you to consult a dermatologist about your acne.【根】dermat = skin, "皮肤"

disembark

[ˌdɪsemˈbɑ:k] V. /登陆；靠岸/go ashore; unload cargo from a ship. Before the passengers could disembark, they had to pick up their passports from the ship's purser.

disenfranchise

[ˌdɪsenˈfrænˌtʃaɪz] V. /剥夺（公民权）/deprive of a civil right. The imposition of the poll tax effectively disenfranchised poor Southern blacks, who lost their right to vote.

discomposure

[ˌdɪskəmˈpəʊʒə] N. /心乱；不安/agitation; loss of poise. Perpetually poised, Agent 007 never exhibited a moment's discomposure.

disconcert

[ˌdɪskənˈsɜ:t] V. /迷惑；扰乱；使难堪/confuse; upset; embarrass. The lawyer was disconcerted by the evidence produced by her adversary.

disputatious

[ˌdɪspjəˈteɪʃəs] ADJ. /好辩的/argumentative; fond of arguing. Convinced he knew more than his lawyers, Alan was a disputatious client, ready to argue about the best way to conduct the case. disputant, N.【根】put = think, "认为,思考"

dissolution

[ˌdɪsəˈlu:ʃən] N. /解散；终止；解体/breaking of a union; decay; termination. Which caused King Lear more suffering: the dissolution of his kingdom into warring factions, or the dissolution of his aged, failing body?【根】solut = loosen, "溶解,解决,松开"

disingenuous

[ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒenju:əs] ADJ. /不诚恳的/lacking genuine candor; insincere. Now that we know the mayor and his wife are engaged in a bitter divorce fight, we find their earlier remarks regretting their lack of time together remarkably disingenuous.

disinter

[ˌdɪsɪnˈtɜ:] V. /挖出，出土/dig up; unearth. They disinterred the body and held an autopsy.【根】terr1.= earth, "土地"; 2.= frighten,可怕,恐惧; 3.= frighten, "恐,怕"

generality

[ˌdʒenəˈrælɪti:] N. /一般性/vague statement. This report is filled with generalities; be more specific in your statements.【根】gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生，产生"

genealogy

[ˌdʒi:niˈælədʒi] N. /家谱/record of descent; lineage. He was proud ofhis genealogyand constantly referred to the achievements of his ancestors.【根】gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生，产生"

jurisprudence

[ˌdʒʊərɪsˈpru:dns] N. /法学/science of law. He was more a student of jurisprudence than a practitioner of the law.【根】juris= swear/law, "发誓,法律;正确,正直"

justification

[ˌdʒʌstifiˈkeiʃən] N. /有理，正当；辩护；释罪/good or just reason; defense; excuse. The jury found him guilty of the more serious charge because theycould see no possible justification for his actions,【根】just=right, "正，直"

egotistical

[ˌegəˈtɪstɪkl] ADJ. /极度自我中心；自以为是，逞能/excessively self-centered; self-important; conceited. Typical egotisticalremark: "But enough of this chit-chat about you and your littleproblems. Let's talk about what's really important: Me!"【根】ego = I, "我,自己"

atheistic

[ˌeiθiˈistik] ADJ. /无神论/denying the existence of God. His atheistic remarks shocked the religious worshippers.【根】the（a） = god "神"【记】（a无+the神+ist人+ic）

eccentricity

[ˌeksenˈtrɪsɪti:] N. /怪僻，古怪；特性/oddity; idiosyncrasy. Some of his friends tried to account for his rudeness to strangers as the eccentricity of genius.【根】centr = center, "中心"

expertise

[ˌekspəˈti:z] N. /专业知识，技能/specialized knowledge; expert skill. Although she was knowledgeable in a number of fields, she washired for her particular expertise in computer programming.

extradition

[ˌekstrəˈdiʃən] N. /引渡/surrender of prisoner by onestate to another. The lawyers opposed the extradition of their client on th e grounds that for more than five years he had been amodel citizen.【根】dit = give, "给予"

exegesis

[ˌeksəˈdʒi:sɪs] N. /解释，注解，通译/explanation; interpretation, especially of a biblical text. The minister based her sermon on her exegesis of a difficult passage from the book of Job. exegetical, ADJ.

embryonic

[ˌembri:ˈɔnɪk] ADJ. /胚胎的；未开发的，原始的/undeveloped; rudimentary. The CEO reminisced about the good old days when the computer industry was still in its embryonic state and start-up companies were founded in family garages.

entomology

[ˌentəˈmɔlədʒi:] N. /昆虫学/study of insects. Kent found entomology the most annoying part of his biology course; studying insects bugged him.【根】entom = insect, "昆虫"

episodic

[ˌepəˈsɔdik] ADJ. /插曲式的/loosely connected; divided into incidents. Though he tried to follow the plot of Gravity's Rainbow, John found the novel too episodic; he enjoyed individual passages, but had trouble following the work as a whole.

espionage

[ˌespiəˈnɑ:ʒ] N. /间谍行为/Spying. In order to maintain its power, thegovernment developed a system of espionagethat penetrated every household.

esoteric

[ˌesəˈterɪk] ADJ. /难以理解的，深奥的/hard to understand; known onlyto the chosen few. The New Yorker short stories often include esoteric allusions to obscure people and events: the implicationis, if you are in the in-crowd, you'll get the reference; if you comefrom Cleveland, you won't.

etymology

[ˌetəˈmɔlədʒi:] N. /语源学/study of word parts. A knowledge of etymologycan help you on many English tests: if youknow what the roots and prefixes mean, you can determine themeanings of unfamiliar words.【根】etymo = true, "真的"

evanescent

[ˌevəˈnesənt] ADJ. /消散的；凋零的/fleeting; vanishing. Brandon's satisfaction in his new job was evanescent, for he immediatelybegan to notice its many drawbacks. evanescence, N.【根】van1."前卫,先锋"; 2.= empty, "空"

apolitical

[ˌeɪpəˈlɪtɪkəl] ADJ. /不问政治的/having an aversion or lack of concern for political affairs. It was hard to remain apolitical during the Vietnam War; even people who generally ignored public issues felt they had to take political stands.

figurine

[ˌfɪgjəˈri:n] N. /小雕像/small ornamental statuette. In The Maltese Falcon, Sam Spade was hired to trace the missing figurineof a black bird.【根】Figur= shape形成，Figure形状

fundamental

[ˌfʌndəˈmentəl] V. /基本的，基础的/basic; primary; essential. The committee discussed all sorts of side issues without ever getting down to addressing thefundamental problem.

hydrophobia

[ˌhaidrəuˈfəubjə] N. /恐水症；狂犬病/rabies; fear of water. A dog that bites a human being must be observed for symptoms ofhydrophobia.【根】hydr,hydro=water, "水"；phobia = dislike, "厌恶"

hypercritical

[ˌhaɪpəˈkrɪtɪkəl] ADJ. /及其夸张/excessively exacting. You are hypercritical in your demands for perfection; we all make mistakes.

hypochondriac

[ˌhaɪpəˈkɔndri:ˌæk] N. /无病呻吟；忧郁症/person unduly worriedabout his health; worrier without cause about illness. The doctor prescribed chocolate pills for his patient who was a hypochondriac.

hypothetical

[ˌhaɪpəˈθetɪkəl] ADJ. /基于假设的，设想的，假想的/based on assumptions or hypotheses; supposed. Suppose you areaccepted by Harvard, Stanford, and Brown. Which one would youchoose to attend? Remember, this is only a hypotheticalsituation. hypothesis, N.

heterogeneous

[ˌhetərəˈdʒi:ni:əs, -ˈdʒi:njəs] ADJ. /异类，异种；不纯/dissimilar; mixed. This year's entering class is a remarkably heterogeneous body: itincludes students from forty different states and twenty-six foreigncountries, some the children of billionaires, others the offspring ofwelfare families. heterogenity, N.

homogeneous

[ˌhɔməˈdʒi:njəs] ADJ. /同类的/of the same kind. Because the student body at Elite Prep was so homogeneous, Sara and James decided to send their daughter to a school that offered greater cultural diversity. homogenize, V.

hypocritical

[ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkəl] ADJ. /伪善；欺骗/pretending to be virtuous; deceiving. Believing Eddie to be interested only in his ownadvancement, Greg resented his hypocritical posing as a friend. hypocrisy, N.

histrionic

[ˌhɪstri:ˈɔnɪk] ADJ. /戏剧性的/theatrical. He was proud of his histrionic ability and wanted to play the role of Hamlet, histrionics, N.

equilibrium

[ˌi:kwəˈlɪbri:əm, ˌekwə-] N. /平衡/balance. After the divorce, he needed some time to regain his equilibrium.【根】equi = equal/even, "相等,平均"

equanimity

[ˌi:kwəˈnɪmɪti:, ˌekwə-] N. /镇定/calmness of temperament; composure. Even the inevitable strains of caring for an ailing mother did not disturb Bea's equanimity.【根】equ = equal/even, "相等,平均"

ichthyology

[ˌikθiˈɔlədʒi] N. /鱼类学/study of fish. Jacques Cousteau'sprograms about sea life have advanced the cause ofichthyology.【根】ichthy,ichthyo=fish, "鱼"

indissoluble

[ˌindiˈsɔljubl] ADJ. /不能分解的；永久的/permanent. The indissolublebonds of marriage are all too often being dissolved.

inefficacious

[ˌinefiˈkeiʃəs] ADJ. /无能的，无效的/not effective; unable to producea desired result. All Lois's coaxing and urging was inefficacious: Clark still refused to join her and Superman fordinner. inefficacy, N.

inconsistency

[ˌinkənˈsistənsi] N. /不一致的，自相矛盾的/state of being self-contradictory; lack of uniformity or steadiness. How arelawyers different from agricultural inspectors? While lawyers check inconsistencies in witnesses' statements, agriculturalinspectors check inconsistencies in Grade A eggs. inconsistent, ADJ.

insalubrious

[ˌinsəˈlju:briəs] ADJ. /有害的/unwholesome; not healthful. The mosquito-ridden swamp was an insalubrious place, abreeding ground for malarial contagion.

irretrievable

[ˌiriˈtri:vəbl] ADJ. /不能复原的；不能挽回的/impossible to recover or regain; irreparable. The left fielder tried to retrieve the ball, but it flew over the fence, bounced off a wall, and fell into the sewer: it was irretrievable.

kleptomaniac

[ˌkleptəuˈmeiniæk] N. /偷窃狂；盗窃癖/person who has a compulsivedesire to steal. They discovered that the wealthy customer was a kleptomaniac when they caught her stealingsome cheap trinkets.

claustrophobia

[ˌklɔ:strəˈfəʊbi:ə] N. /幽闭恐怖症/fear of being locked in. His fellow classmates laughed at his claustrophobia and often threatened to lock him in his room.

credibility

[ˌkredəˈbɪlɪti:] N. /可信性 /believability. Because the candidate had made some pretty unbelievable promises, we began to question the credibility of everything she said.

calorific

[ˌkæləˈrifik] ADJ. /产热的/heat-producing. Coal is much more calorific than green wood.【根】calori，cale = heat, "热"

categorical

[ˌkætɪˈgɔ:rɪkəl, -ˈgɔr-] ADJ. /无条件；直截了当/without exceptions; unqualified; absolute. Though the captain claimed he was never, never sick at sea, he finally had to qualify his categorical denial: he was "hardly ever" sick at sea.

cavalcade

[ˌkævəlˈkeɪd, ˈkævəlˌkeɪd] N. /队伍，骑马队伍/procession; parade. As described by Chaucer, the cavalcade of Canterbury pilgrims was a motley group.【根】caval = horse,"马"【记】（caval+cade）

cavalier

[ˌkævəˈlɪə] ADJ. /随便；傲慢/offhand or casual; haughty. The disguised prince resented the cavalier way in which the palace guards treated him. How dared they handle a member of the royal family so unceremoniously!【根】caval = horse,"马"【记】（caval+ier→骑马的人，傲慢的）

cardiologist

[ˌkɑ:di'ɔlədʒist] N. /心脏病专家/doctor specializing in the heart. When the pediatrician noticed Philip had a slight heart murmur, she referred him to a cardiologist for further tests.【根】card1.= heart, "心脏,一致"; 2.= paper, "纸片"

cornucopia

[ˌkɔ:nəˈkəʊpi:ə, -njə-] N. / 象征丰饶的羊角，丰产的象征 /horn overflowing with fruit and grain; symbol of abundance. The encyclopedia salesman claimed the new edition was a veritable cornucopia of information, an inexhaustible source of knowledge for the entire family.【根】corn = horn, "角"【记】(corn角+u+cop丰富+ia 物→ 丰富的角→丰饶角)

choreography

[ˌkɔ:ri:ˈɔgrəfi:, ˌkəʊr-] N. /舞蹈术；舞蹈记谱/art of representing dances in written symbols; arrangement of dances. Merce Cunningham has begun to use a computer in designing choreography. A software program allows him to compose arrangements of possible moves and immediately view them onscreen.【根】chor = dance,sing, "歌,舞"【记】(chor歌,舞+eo+graph写 [设计]+y→.设计舞蹈动作→舞蹈,舞蹈编排)

correlation

[ˌkɔ:rəˈleɪʃən, ˌkɔr-] N. / 相互关系 /mutual relationship. He sought to determine the correlation that existed between ability in algebra and ability to interpret reading exercises. correlate, V., N.

coronation

[ˌkɔ:rəˈneɪʃən, ˌkɔr-] N. /加冕礼/ceremony of crowning a queen or king When the witches told Macbeth he would be king, they failed to warn him he would lose his crown soon after his coronation.

complementary

[ˌkɔmpləˈmentəri:, -tri:] ADJ. /补足的，完善的/serving to complete something. John and Lisa's skills are complementary. he's good at following a daily routine, while she's great at improvising and handling emergencies. Together they make a great team.【根】ple = full/fill, "满,填满"

comprehensive

[ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv] ADJ. /全面的/thorough; inclusive. This book provides a comprehensive review of verbal and math skills for the SAT.【根】prehens = catch, "抓住"【记】(com全部+prehens抓住+ive......的→全部抓住的→总括性的,综合的)

commandeer

[ˌkɔmənˈdɪə] V. /征用，招募/to draft for military purposes; to take for public use. The policeman commandeered the first car that approached and ordered the driver to go to the nearest hospital.【根】mand = order,"命令"

condescend

[ˌkɔndɪˈsend] V. / 谦逊，屈尊 /act conscious of descending to a lower level; patronize. Though Jill had been a star softball player in college, when she played a pickup game at the park she never condescended to her less experienced teammates. condescension, N.【根】scend = climb, "爬,攀"【记】(con全部+descend下来,下降→全部向下→屈尊)

confidant

[ˌkɔnfiˈdænt] N. /知已/trusted friend. He had no confidants with whom he could discuss his problems at home.【根】fid = trust/faith, "信任,相信,信念"【记】(con全部+fid相信+ant→能吐露心声的人→知己)

conflagration

[ˌkɔnfləˈgreɪʃən] N. /大火 /great fire. In the conflagration that followed the 1906 earthquake, much of San Francisco was destroyed.【根】flagr = blaze, "火焰"【记】(con全部+flagr火焰+ation表名词→全部是火→大火灾)

confrontation

[ˌkɔnfrʌnˈteɪʃən] N. / 面对 /act of facing someone or something; encounter, often hostile. Morris hoped to avoid any confrontations with his ex-wife, but he kept on running into her at the health club. How would you like to confront someone who can bench press 200 pounds? confront, v., confrontational, ADJ.【根】front = forehead,"前额"【记】（con互相，共同+front+ation→互相面对→对抗,面对）

consequential

[ˌkɔnsɪˈkwenʃəl] ADJ. /结果的/pompous; important; self-important. Convinced of his own importance, the actor strutted about the dressing room with a consequential air.【根】Secut,sequ=follow, "跟随"【记】（con共同+sequ+ential→随之而来的全部东西→后果）

contravene

[ˌkɔntrəˈvi:n] V. / 违反 /contradict; oppose; infringe on or transgress. Mr. Barrett did not expect his frail daughter Elizabeth to contravene his will by eloping with Robert Browning.【根】ven = come, "来,走"【记】（contra+ven+e→反着来→违反）

connoisseur

[ˌkɔnəˈsɜ:, -ˈsʊə] N. /鉴赏家，内行 /person competent to act as a judge of art, etc.; a lover of an art. She had developed into a connoisseur of fine china.

connotation

[ˌkɔnəˈteɪʃən] N. /含蓄，内涵 /suggested or implied meaning of an expression. Foreigners frequently are unaware of the connotations of the words they use.【根】Not = know, "知道，注意"

conscientious

[ˌkɔnʃiˈenʃəs] ADJ. /尽责的/scrupulous; careful. A conscientious editor, she checked every definition for its accuracy.【根】sci = know, "知道"【记】（con全部+sci+entious多...的→知道关心多→有责任心的）

cosmopolitan

[ˌkɔzməˈpɔlitən] ADJ. /世界性的，全球的/sophisticated. Her years in the capitol had transformed her into a cosmopolitan young woman highly aware of international affairs.【根】cosm = world, "世界,宇宙" polic,polis,polit = state,city,"国家，城市"【记】（cosm+o+polit+an）

coalition

[ˌkəuəˈliʃən] N. /伙伴；同盟，集合/partnership; league; union. The Rainbow Coalition united people of all races in a common cause.

*coalesce

[ˌkəʊəˈles] V. /接合/combine; fuse. The brooks coalesce into one large river. When minor political parties coalesce, their coalescence may create a major coalition.

ceremonious

[ˌserəˈməʊni:əs] ADJ. /隆重的/marked by formality. Ordinary dress would be inappropriate at so ceremonious an affair.

cerebration

[ˌserɪˈbreɪʃɵn] N. /思考/thought. Mathematics problems sometimes require much cerebration.【根】cerebr = brain "大脑"

circumlocution

[ˌsɜ:kəmləʊˈkju:ʃən] N. /婉转曲折的表达/indirect or round about expression. He was afraid to call a spade a spade and resorted to circumlocutions to avoid direct reference to his subject.【根】circ = ring/circle, "圆,环"

circumvent

[ˌsɜ:kəmˈvent] V. /智取；包围/outwit; baffle. In order to circumvent the enemy, we will make two preliminary attacks in other sections before starting our major campaign.【根】circ = ring/circle, "圆,环"

abnegation

[ˌæbnɪˈgeɪʃən] N. /拒绝，批判，自我牺牲（克制）/repudiation; self-sacrifice. No act of abnegation was more pronounced than his refusal of any rewards for his discovery.【根】neg = deny, "否认,不用;没有"【记】(abnegate [v.放弃]+ion表名词→n.拒绝;克己,自制)

aboriginal

[ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənəl] ADJ., N. /原来的，土著的/being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native. Her studies of the primitive art forms of the aboriginal Indians were widely reported in the scientific journals. aborigines, N.【根】orig = rise/begin, "升起,开始"【记】（ab从+origin起源+al→从起源来→原始的）

admonition

[ˌædməˈnɪʃən] N. /警告/warning. After the student protesters repeatedly rejected Chairman Deng's admonitions, the government issued an ultimatum: either the students would end the demonstration at once or the soldiers would fire on the crowd.【根】mon, monit= warn, "警告"

adventitious

[ˌædvenˈtɪʃəs, -vən-] ADJ. /偶然/accidental; casual. He found this adventitious meeting with his friend extremely fortunate.

affirmation

[ˌæfəˈmeɪʃən] N. /正面肯定，确认/positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath. Despite Tom's affirmations of innocence, Aunt Polly still suspected he had eaten the pie.【根】firm = firm,"坚定"【记】（ar一再+firm+ation→一再坚定地说→确认）

affidavit

[ˌæfɪˈdeɪvɪt] N. /宣誓书/written statement made under oath. The court refused to accept his statement unless he presented it in the form of an affidavit.【根】fid = trust/faith, "信任,相信,信念"【记】（af一再+fid+avit表名词→一再发誓相信→宣誓书）

acrophobia

[ˌækrəuˈfəubjə] N. /恐高症/fear of heights. A born salesman, he could convince someone with a bad case of acrophobia to sign up for a life membership in a sky-diving club.【根】phobia = dislike, "厌恶"【记】(acro高+phobia [n.恐惧症]→n. [医]恐高症)

acrimonious

[ˌækrəˈməʊni:əs] ADJ. /挖苦的，尖酸的（语言，行为） /bitter in words or manner. The candidate attacked his opponent in highly acrimonious terms. acrimony, N.【根】acri= sour, sharp,,"尖，酸，锐利"

actuarial

[ˌæktjuˈɛəriəl] ADJ. /保险精算的，精算/calculating; pertaining to insurance statistics. According to recent actuarial tables, life expectancy is greater today than it was a century ago.

acquiesce

[ˌækwi:ˈes] V. /默许/assent; agree without protesting. Although she appeared to acquiesce to her employer's suggestions, I could tell she had reservations about the changes he wanted made. acquiescence, N.; acquiescent, ADJ.【根】qui = still, "静"【记】(ac给予+qui静+esce→给予 [对方]静的回答)

academic

[ˌækəˈdemik] ADJ. /学术的/related to a school; not practical or directly useful. The dean's talk about reforming the college admissions system was only an academic discussion: we knew little, if anything, would change.

alimentary

[ˌæliˈmentəri] ADJ. /营养的/supplying nourishment. The alimentary canal in our bodies is so named because digestion of foods occurs there. When asked for the name of the digestive tract, Sherlock Holmes replied, "Alimentary, my dear Watson."【根】al = nourish 营养

altruistic

[ˌæltruˈistik] ADJ. /无私的，关心他人的/unselfishly generous; concerned for others. In providing tutorial assistance and college scholarships for hundreds of economically disadvantaged youths, Eugene Lang performed a truly altruistic deed. altruism, N.【根】altru = alter=other/to change,,"其他的,改变状态" (altru+istic利他的)【根】tru = true,"相信，真实"【记】(al一再+tru相信→一再相信他人+istic→无私的)

ambidextrous

[ˌæmbɪˈdekstrəs] ADJ. /双手都灵巧/capable of using either hand with equal ease. A switch-hitter in baseball should be naturally ambidextrous.【根】dexter = right, "右边"【记】（ambi两个+dextrous→两只手都和右手一样灵巧）

antediluvian

[ˌæntɪdəˈlu:vi:ən] ADJ. /远古，上古，及其久远/antiquated; extremely ancient. Looking at his great-aunt's antique furniture, which must have been cluttering up her attic since the time of Noah's flood, the young heir exclaimed, "Heavens! How positively antediluvian!"【根】luv = wash, "洗,冲"【记】(ante前+ di分开+luv洗,冲+ian→<圣经>上说的)大洪水以前的）

antiseptic

[ˌæntɪˈseptɪk] N. /抗菌物/substance that prevents infection. It is advisable to apply an antiseptic to any wound, no matter how slight or insignificant. also ADJ.【记】（anti+septic adj.脓毒性的，腐败性的→抗菌物）

analgesic

[ˌænəlˈdʒi:zɪk, -sɪk] ADJ. /止痛的/causing insensitivity to pain. The analgesic qualities of this lotion will provide temporary relief.【根】alg = pain, "痛"【记】（an无+alg+esic药物→无痛药物→止痛药）

animosity

[ˌænəˈmɔsɪti:] N. /仇恨/active enmity. He incurred the animosity of the ruling class because he advocated limitations of their power.【根】anim = life/spirit,,"生命,精神"等【记】（anim+osity多的状态→生命太多→由爱变恨→仇恨）

anonymity

[ˌænəˈnɪmɪti:] N. /匿名/state of being nameless; anonymousness. The donor of the gift asked the college not to mention him byname; the dean readily agreed to respect his anonymity.【根】onym = nam, "名字"【记】(an无+onym名字+ity表名词→n.无名,匿名)

anesthetic

[ˌænɪsˈθetɪk] N. /麻醉药/substance that removes sensation with or without loss of consciousness. His monotonous voice acted like an anesthetic; his audience was soon asleep. anesthesia, N.【根】esthet = feeling, "感觉"【记】(an无+esthet感觉+ic某种药→n.麻醉剂)

anthropocentric

[ˌænθrəpəuˈsentrik] ADJ. /人类中心说/regarding human beings as the center of the universe. Without considering any evidence that might challenge his anthropocentric view point, Hector categorically maintained that dolphins could not be as intelligent as men. anthropocentrism, N.【根】anthrop = man,human, "人，人类"

anthropomorphic

[ˌænθrəpəˈmɔ:fik] ADJ. /人形的/having human form or characteristics. Primitive religions often have deities with anthropomorphic characteristics. anthropomorphism, N.【根】anthrop = man,human, "人，人类"

application

[ˌæpliˈkeiʃən] N. /勤奋的付出/diligent attention. Pleased with how well Tom had whitewashed the fence, Aunt Polly praised him for his application to the task. apply, V. (secondary meaning)【根】plic, pli, ply=fold , "重叠，折叠"【记】（ap一再+plic+ation→一再重复做的→勤奋的付出）

apprehend

[ˌæpriˈhend] V. /逮捕；惧怕；领会/arrest (a criminal); dread; perceive. The police will apprehend the culprit and convict him before long.【根】prehend = catch, "抓住"【记】（ap+prehend→ [被]抓住→逮捕）

approbation

[ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən] N. /同意，批准/approval. She looked for some sign of approbation from her parents, hoping her good grades would please them.【根】prob1.= test, "测试,证明"; 2. 正直【记】（ap一再+prob+ation→一再证明 [可行]→批准）

apropos

[ˌæprəˈpəu] PREP. /关于/with reference to; regarding. I find your remarks apropos of the present situation timely and pertinent. also ADJ. and ADV.

apprehension

[ˌæprɪˈhenʃən] N. /害怕/fear. His nervous glances at the passersby on the deserted street revealed his apprehension.

appellation

[ˌæpəˈleɪʃən] N. /名字，标题/name; title. Macbeth was startled when the witches greeted him with an incorrect appellation. Why did they call him Thane of Cawdor, he wondered, when the holder of that title still lived?【根】Pel,puls=drive, push, ,"驱动，推"

apparatus

[ˌæpəˈreitəs] N. / 器械，设备 /equipment. Firefighters use specialized apparatus to fight fires.【根】par1.= bring birth, "生产,生出小孩"; 2.= come in sight, "看见;出现"; 3.= get ready, "准备;安置";4.= equal, "平等"【记】（ap+par+atus表名词→准备好用的东西→设备）

apparition

[ˌæpəˈrɪʃən] N. /鬼，幽灵/ghost; phantom. On the castle battlements, an apparition materialized and spoke to Hamlet, warning him of his uncle's treachery. In Ghostbusters, hordes of apparitions materialized, only to be dematerialized by the specialized apparatus wielded by Bill Murray.【根】par1.= bring birth, "生产,生出小孩"; 2.= come in sight, "看见;出现"; 3.= get ready, "准备;安置";4.= equal, "平等"【记】(ap+par+i+tion一再出现的→幽灵)

aromatic

[ˌærəˈmætɪk] ADJ. /芬芳的/fragrant. Medieval sailing vessels brought aromatic herbs from China to Europe.【根】armo = spice,"香料" aroma N. 芳香

aristocracy

[ˌærɪˈstɔkrəsi:] N. / 贵族/hereditary nobility; privileged class. Americans have mixed feelings about hereditary aristocracy. we say all men are created equal, but we describe particularly outstanding people as natural aristocrats.【根】cracy = rule, "统治或政体"；【记】（aristo贵族+cracy统治）

astronomical

[ˌæstrəˈnɔmɪkəl] ADJ. /巨大，广阔, 天文学的；/enormously large or extensive. The government seems willing to spend astronomical sums on weapons development.【根】astro,aster = star, "星星"【记】(astro+nomical<nomy>表学科)

ascertain

[ˌæsəˈtein] V. /确认，确证/find out for certain. Please ascertain her present address.【根】cert = sure/separate, "搞清,区别"【记】(as一再+certain [adj.肯定的]→一再搞清)

asymmetric

[ˌæsɪˈmetrɪk] ADJ. /不对称/not identical on both sides of a dividing central line. Because one eyebrow was set markedly higher than the other, William's face had a particularly asymmetric appearance.【根】meter,metr,meas,mens = measure, "计量，测量等"【记】（a不+sym共同+metr测量+y→两过测量不一样→不对称）

avocation

[ˌævəʊˈkeɪʃən] N. /副业，业余爱好/secondary or minor occupation. His hobby proved to be so fascinating and profitable that gradually he abandoned his regular occupation and concentrated on his a vocation.【根】voc = call/voice, "出声,叫喊,看"【记】(a不+vocation职业→不是职业,副业)

arboretum

[ˌɑ:bəˈri:təm] N. /植物园/place where different tree varieties are exhibited. Walking along the tree-lined paths of the arboretum, Rita noted poplars, firs, and some particularly fine sycamores.【根】arbor = tree （树）

archaeology

[ˌɑ:kiˈɔlədʒi] N. /考古学/study of artifacts and relics of early mankind. The professor of archaeology headed an expedition to the Gobi Desert in search of ancient ruins.【根】archaeo = old,,"古"【记】（archa古代的，原始的+e+ology表学科－考古学）

archipelago

[ˌɑ:kəˈpeləˌgəʊ] N. /群岛/group of closely located islands. When Gauguin looked at the map and saw the archipelagoes in the South Seas, he longed to visit them.【根】arch1.= bow, "弓"; 2.= ruler/rule/chief,,"统治者,统治,主要的"【记】（archi+pelago海，群岛）

altercation

[ˌɔ:ltəˈkeɪʃən] N. /大声争吵，激烈争论/noisy quarrel; heated dispute. In that hot tempered household, no meal ever came to a peaceful conclusion; the inevitable altercation might even end in blows.【根】alter = other/to change,,"其他的,改变状态"

entrepreneur

[ˌɔntrəprəˈnə:] N. /商人，企业家，承包人/businessman; contractor. Opponents of our present tax program argue that it discourages entrepreneurs from trying new fields of business activity.

entourage

[ˌɔntʊˈrɑ:ʒ] N. /随从，随行人员/group of attendants; retinue.Surrounded by the members of his entourage, the mayor hurried into city hall, shouting a brusque "No comment!" to the reporters lining the steps.

autocratic

[ˌɔːtəˈkrætɪk ɔtəˈkrætɪk ] ADJ. /独裁/having absolute, unchecked power; dictatorial. Someone accustomed to exercising authority may become autocratic if his or her power is unchecked. Dictators by definition are autocrats. Bosses who dictate behavior as well as letters can be autocrats too.

idiosyncrasy

[ˌɪdi:əʊˈsɪŋkrəsi:] N. /特性，特质；古怪的，离心的/individual trait, usually odd in nature; eccentricity. One of Richard Nixon's little idiosyncrasies was his liking for ketchup on cottage cheese. One of Hannibal Lecter's little idiosyncrasies was his liking forhuman flesh. idiosyncratic, ADJ.【根】idio = peculiar,private, "特殊的,个人的,自己的"

implication

[ˌɪmpliˈkeiʃən] N. /含义；暗示/something hinted at or suggested. When Miss Watson said she hadn't seen her purse since the last time Jim was in the house, the implication was that she suspected Jim had taken it. imply,V.【根】plic1.= fold, "重叠,重复"; 2. 折; 3. 弯

impropriety

[ˌɪmprəˈpraɪɪti:] N. /不合适，不恰当/improperness; unsuitableness. Because of theimpropriety of the punk rocker's slashed T-shirt and jeans, the management refused to admit him to the hotel's very formal dining room.

importune

[ˌɪmpɔ:ˈtu:n, -ˈtju:n, ɪmˈpɔ:tʃən] V. /强求；不停的求/beg persistently. Democratic and Republican phone solicitors importuned her for contributions so frequently that she decided to give nothing toeither party.

imperceptible

[ˌɪmpəˈseptəbəl] ADJ. /察觉不到的/unnoticeable; undetectable. Fortunately, the stain on the blouse was imperceptibleafter the blouse had gone through the wash.

imperturbable

[ˌɪmpəˈtɜ:bəbəl] ADJ. /沉着冷静；平静/calm; placid; composed. In the midst of the battle, the Duke of Wellington remained imperturbable and in full command of the situation despite thehysteria and panic all around him. imperturbability, N.【根】turb = stir, "搅动,混乱"

impecunious

[ˌɪmpɪˈkju:ni:əs] ADJ. /身无分文的/without money. Though Scrooge claimed he was too impecunious to give alms, he easily couldhave afforded to be charitable.

immobility

[ˌɪməʊˈbɪlɪtɪ] N. /无法移动，不可移动的/state of being immovable. Modern armies cannot afford the luxury of immobility, as they are vulnerable to attack while standing still.

indentation

[ˌɪndenˈteɪʃən] N. /槽；小开口/notch; deep recess. You can tell one tree from another by examining their leaves and noting thedifferences in the indentations along the edges of the leaves. indent,V.

indignation

[ˌɪndiɡˈneiʃən] N. /义愤；愤慨/anger at an injustice. He felt indignation at the ill-treatment of helpless animals.【根】dign = worthy/noble, "值得,高贵"

indefatigable

[ˌɪndɪˈfætɪgəbəl] ADJ. /疲倦/tireless. Although the effort of taking out the garbage tired Wayne out for the entire morning when it came to partying, he was indefatigable.

indiscretion

[ˌɪndɪˈskreʃən] N. /轻率；莽撞/lack of tactfulness or sound judgment. Terrified that the least indiscretion could jeopardize his political career, the novice politician never uttered an unguarded word. indiscreet,ADJ.

indiscriminate

[ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnɪt] ADJ. /随意的；不分青红皂白的/choosing at random; confused. She disapproved ofher son's indiscriminate television viewing and decided to restricthim to educational programs.

indisputable

[ˌɪndɪˈspju:təbəl] ADJ. /没有争论余地；非常清楚的/too certain to be disputed. In the face of these indisputable statements, I withdraw my complaint.

indeterminate

[ˌɪndɪˈtɜ:mənɪt] ADJ. /不确定/uncertain; not clearly fixed; indefinite. That interest rates shall rise appears certain; when they will doso, however, remains indeterminate.

infinitesimal

[ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtesəməl] ADJ. /微小的/very small. In the twentieth century, physicists have made their greatest discoveries about the characteristics of infinitesimal objects likethe atom and its parts.

innuendo

[ˌɪnju:ˈendəʊ] N. /暗示，旁侧敲击；暗讽；讽刺，冷嘲热讽/hint; insinuation. I can defend myself against direct accusations; innuendos and oblique attacks on my character are what trouble me.

incrustation

[ˌɪnkrʌˈsteɪʃən] N. /驻扎/hard coating or crust. In dry dock, we scraped off the incrustation of dirt and barnacles that covered the hull of the ship.

incorporeal

[ˌɪnkɔ:ˈpɔ:ri:əl, -ˈpəʊr-] ADJ. /非物质的，无形的；无实体的/lacking a material body; insubstantial. WhileCasper the friendly ghost is an incorporeal being, neverthelesshe and his fellow ghosts make quite an impact on the physical world.【根】corpor = body, "身体,团体"

incontrovertible

[ˌɪnkɔntrəˈvə:tibl] ADJ. /无疑的，无可争议的/indisputable; not opento question. Unless you find the evidence against my client absolutely incontrovertible, you must declare her not guiltyof this charge.【根】vert = turn, "转"

incompatible

[ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl] ADJ. /不和谐；不兼容/inharmonious. The married couple argued incessantly and finally decided to separate because they wereincompatible. incompatibility, N.

incandescent

[ˌɪnkənˈdesənt] ADJ. /白炽的/strikingly bright; shining with intenseheat. If you leave on an incandescent light bulb, it quickly growstoo hot to touch.【根】cand = white/glow, "白,发光"

incoherent

[ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪərənt] ADJ. /缺乏逻辑的，不聪明的；陈腐的 /unintelligible; muddled; illogical. The excited fan blushed and stammered, her words becoming almost incoherent in the thrill of meeting her favorite rock star face to face. incoherence, N.

incapacitate

[ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪˌteɪt] V. /使其无能力/disable. During the winter, many people were incapacitated by respiratory ailments.【根】cap1.= take/hold/seize,,"拿,抓,握住"; 2.= head, "头"

insubstantial

[ˌɪnsəbˈstænʃəl] ADJ. /无实体的，虚无的；脆弱的，不坚固的/lacking substance; insignificant; frail. His hopes for a career in acting proved insubstantial; no one would cast him, even in an insubstantial role.

insurmountable

[ˌɪnsəˈmaʊntəbəl] ADJ. / 不能克服的，不能超越的 /overwhelming; unbeatable; insuperable. Facedby almost insurmountable obstacles, the members of the underground maintained their courage and will to resist.【根】mount = ascend, "登上,山,安装"

insurrection

[ˌɪnsəˈrekʃən] N. /谋反的，造反的/rebellion; uprising. In retrospect, given how badly the British treated the American colonists, the eventual insurrection seems inevitable.

insubordination

[ˌɪnsəˌbɔ:dɪˈneɪʃn] N. /反抗，不屈/disobedience; rebelliousness. At the slightest hint of insubordination from the sailors of the Bounty, Captain Bligh had them flogged; finally, they mutinied.

incidental

[ˌɪnsɪˈdentl] ADJ. /不重要的；少数的/not essential; minor. The scholarship covered his major expenses at college and some of his incidental expenses as well.【根】cid1.= fall, "落下,降临"; 2. 引申为偶然发生

intuition

[ˌɪntjuˈiʃən] N. /直觉/immediate insight; power of knowing withoutreasoning. Even though Tony denied that anything was wrong, Tina trusted her intuition that something wasbothering him. intuitive, ADJ.

introspective

[ˌɪntrəʊˈspektɪv] ADJ. /内省的；反省的/looking within oneself. Though young Francis of Assisi led a wild and worldly life, even then he had introspective moments during which he examined his soul.

intermittent

[ˌɪntəˈmitənt] ADJ. /间歇的；断断续续的/periodic; on and off. The outdoor wedding reception had to be moved indoors to avoid the intermittent showers that fell on and off all afternoon.【根】termin = limit, "界限;末端"

intervene

[ˌɪntəˈvi:n] V. /干预；干涉 /come between. When two close friends get into a fight, be careful if you try to intervene; theymay join forces to gang up on you.【根】ven = come, "来,走"

invocation

[ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən] N. /祈祷/prayer for help; calling upon as a reference or support. The service of Morning Prayer openswith an invocation during which we ask God to hear our prayers.【根】voc= call/voice, "出声,叫喊,看"

inarticulate

[ˌɪnɑ:ˈtɪkjəlɪt] ADJ. /不善于表达的；口齿不清的/speechless; producingindistinct speech. He became inarticulate with rage and utteredsounds without meaning.

inadvertently

[ˌɪnədˈvɜ:təntlɪ] ADV. / 不经意的/unintentionally; by oversight; carelessly. Judy's great fear was that she might inadvertently omit a question on the exam and mismark herwhole answer sheet.

innovation

[ˌɪnəuˈveiʃən] N. /发明；变革 /change; introduction of somethingnew. Although Richard liked to keep up with all the latest technological innovations, he didn't always abandon tried andtrue techniques in favor of something new. innovate, V.【根】nov = new, "新的"

ineffectual

[ˌɪnɪˈfektʃu:əl] ADJ. /无效的，弱的/not effective; weak. Because the candidate failed to get across his message to the public, hiscampaign was ineffectual.

iridescent

[ˌɪrɪˈdesənt] ADJ. /虹彩的/exhibiting rainbowlike colors. She admiredthe iridescent hues of the oil that floated on the surface of the water.

irremediable

[ˌɪrɪˈmi:di:əbəl] ADJ. /不能挽回的；不能治愈的/incurable; uncorrectable. The error she made was irremediable; she could see no way to repair it.

irrepressible

[ˌɪrɪˈpresəbəl] ADJ. /压不住的，抑制不住的/unable to be restrained or held back. My friend Kitty's curiosity was irrepressible: she pokedher nose into everybody's business and just laughed when Iwarned her that curiosity killed the cat.

irreproachable

[ˌɪrɪˈprəʊtʃəbəl] ADJ. /无可指责的；没有缺点的/blameless; impeccable. Homer's conduct at the office party was irreproachable; even Marge didn't have anything bad to sayabout how he behaved.

drone

] [drəʊn] N. /闲人；雄蜂/idle person; male bee. Content to let his wife support him, the would-be writer was in reality nothing but a drone.

inebriated

] [iˈni:brieitid] ADJ. /醉的/habitually intoxicated; drunk. Abe was inebriated more often than he was sober. Because of his inebriety, he was discharged from his job as a bus driver.

indignity

] [ɪnˈdɪgnɪti:] N. /侮辱/offensive or insulting treatment. Although he seemed to accept cheerfully the indignities heaped upon him, hewas inwardly very angry.【根】dign = worthy/noble, "值得,高贵"

insuperable

] [ɪnˈsu:pərəbəl] ADJ. /不可战胜的，不能克服的/insurmountable; unbeatable. Though the odds against their survival seemed insuperable, the Apollo 13 astronauts reached earth safely.

inanimate

] [ɪnˈænəmɪt] ADJ. /了无生气的，死气沉沉的/lifeless. She was asked to identify the still and inanimate body.【根】anim = life/spirit,,"生命,精神"等

kernel

] [ˈkɜ:nəl] N. /核心的/central or vital part; whole seed (as of corn). "Watson, buried within this tissue of lies there is a kernel of truth; when I find it, the mystery will be solved."

knotty

] [ˈnɔti:] ADJ. /复杂的，错综的；精细的/intricate; difficult; tangled. What to Watson had been a knotty problem, to SherlockHolmes was simplicity itself.

infantile

] [ˈɪnfənˌtaɪl, -tɪl] ADJ. /婴儿的，幼稚的/childish. When will he outgrow suchinfantile behavior?

devotee

] [ˌdevəˈti:, -ˈteɪ] N. /热心的追随者/enthusiastic follower. A devotee of the opera, he bought season tickets every year.

fic1.=

face, "脸,面"; 2.= do,make,"做,制作"

verge

n.边，边缘； 界限； 范围； 起始点 vi.接近，逼近； 处于边沿或边缘

cater

to V. /迎合/supply something desired (whether good or bad). The chef was happy to cater to the tastes of his highly sophisticated clientele. Critics condemned the movie industry for catering to the public's ever-increasing appetite for violence.

enigmatic

ˌenɪgˈmætɪk] ADJ. /朦胧的；谜一样的/obscure; puzzling. Many havesought to fathom the enigmatic smile of the Mona Lisa.