Nervous System IV
an intermediolateral gray horn may be found in spinal cord levels
T1-l2
Spinal nerves from spinal cord levels _____ through ______ remain segmental in nature. This means that the _______ (pleural of ramus) remain separate. Dorsal rami are shown in yellow and move toward the back. The ______ _______ do not form a plexus
T2 T12 ventral rami ventral rami
In the gray matter, there are ______ _____ _______ (containing sensory association neurons) and ________ _____ _______ contains motor neurons
dorsal gray horns ventral gray horns
The ______ _______ passes posteriorly and branches extensively to innervate the muscles and sin of the back. The ______ _______ passes outward to innervate the lateral and anterior aspects of the body wall
dorsal ramus ventral ramus
Each spinal serve immediately divides into a _____ ______ and a ______ _______ as they exit the interventrebral as they exit the intervertebral canal
dorsal ramus and ventral ramus
In the lumbar plexus L1-L4, what are the nerves
femoral nerves, obturator nerve
The ________ ________ is an extension of pia mater coming off the end of the spinal cord and anchoring the cord to the coccyx
film terminale
The spinal cord begins at the ______ (inferior opening into the skull) as a continuum of the medulla oblongata
foramen magnum
A ____ ______ links the two sides of the gray matter and contains the central canal of the spinal cord
gray commisure
What type of matter in the spinal cord is located internally in an H-Shaped or butterfly configuration
gray matter
Spinal nerves exit the final cord at each vertebral level via the
intervertebral foramen
The spinal cord ends between the _____ and ________ lumbar vertebrae
1st and second (L1/2)
There are __________ segments (pairs) of the spinal cord, each of which gives rise a pair of spinal cerves
31
There is one pair of spinal nerves per spinal cord level which equal how many pairs of spinal nerves
31
What are the 31 segments of the spinal cord
8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
The cervical enlargement is what letters/numbers and gives rise to the brachial plexus that supplies the upper limb
C5-T1
_____ ______ a virus follows the path of a dermatome. The virus lies dormant in the spinal nerve ganglion and may be induced by stress/ low immune system. A series of blisters appears along the path of the dermatome
Herpes Zoster
The lumbar enlargement is what leters/numbers and forms the lumbosacral plexus that supplies the lower limb
L1-S4
Theses funiculi (anterior posterior and lateral) contain columns of fibers called _________ or _________ tracts
ascending or descending
What tract of the spinal cord takes sensory information to the brain for interoperation, and sensation is relayed to the brain by first, second, and third order neurons
ascending: sensory
What are the two tracts of the spinal cord
ascending:sensory descending: motor
The spinal nerves that supply regions below L2 extend downward through the dural sheath as the _______ _______ (horse's tail
cauda equina
A gray commissure links two sides of the gray matter and contains the _______ _____ of the spinal cord
central canal
There are 3 main plexuses of the spinal cord--eachd designed to bring multiple spinal cord levels into a single nerve. In each case, the dorsal rami remain segmental
cervical plexus (C1-C4) Brachial plexus ( C5-T1) Lumbosacral plexus (L1-S4)
In the spinal cord, there are two enlargements a ________ enlargement that gibes rise to the _______ _______ plexus supplying the upper limb, and a _______ _______ that forms the lumbosacral plexus supplying the lower limb.
cervical(C5-T1) brachial lumbar enlargement(L1-S4)
The spinal cord terminates at tapering end called the _____ _______ at what
conus medullaris L1/L2
The peripheral nervous system is made up of
cranial and spinal nerves
the what nerves in the peripheral nervous system arise from the brain
cranial nerves
Each spinal nerve( the right and left spinal nerves from each spinal cord level) innervates( supplies) a typical body segment of ________ with motor and sensory innervation. The body can be mapped into a series of dermatomes---each one supplied by a specific spinal nerve from a specific spinal cord level
dermatome
Together the dorsal and ventral rams on one side will innervate a C-shaped band of skin called a ___________
dermatome
The what tract of the spinal cord is responsible for taking motor information down to the spinal cord, and includes an upper and lower motor neuron to send the motor command to the effector muscles (voluntary muscles)
descending: motor
Each spinal nerve is formed by a _____ root and _______ root.
dorsal and ventral
What type of gray matter contains sensory association neurons
dorsal gray horns
Sensory and motor fibers cross in the ______, so the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body and vice versa
medulla
The spinal cord has the same 3 ______ as the brain (dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater)
meninges
The ventral root carries _____ _______ from the CNS out to the peripheral aspects of the body. Therefore, it is an outgoing route- referred to as ________
motor fibers efferent
In the brachial plexus in C5- T1, what are the nerves
musculocutaneous axillary radial median ulnar
In other regions above T2 and below T12, the ventral rami may branch and anastomose with each other to form a _______(or web) This allows information from multiple spinal cord levels to enter a single nerve. The _____ ______ gets innervation from spinal cord levels ____ _____ _____
plexus phrenic nerve C3 C4 C5
The spinal cord periphery is composed of white matter and is divided into funiculi
posterior anterior and lateral
In the sacral plexus L4-S4, what are the nerves
pudendal nerve And the sciatic nerve composed of common fibular nerve and tibial nerve
The dorsal root carries _______ ________ from the periphery back to the spinal cord and is the therefore an incoming route, or afferent pathway
sensory fibers
the what nerves in the peripheral nervous system arise from the spinal cord. They originate from the spinal cord and serves as the connection from the CNS to the periphery
spinal nerves
The neuron cell body for this fiber is located in a swelling on the dorsal root- the _______ _______ (spinal/sensory) ganglion. Remember, if there are neuron cell bodies present in the PNS- it must be a ganglion
spinal/sensory
The functions of the spinal cord is it conduct impulses _____/_____ and a center for
up/down reflexes
What type of gray matter contains motor neurons
ventral gray horns
Regardless of whether the ______ ______ forms a plexus or not. The _____ _____ are never involved in a plexus formation and always remain segmental
ventral rami dorsal rami
The ______ _________ passes anterolaterally and gives off superficial branches _______ _______, and ______ _______ that will innervate the muscles and skin of the lateral and anterior aspects of the body wall
ventral ramus lateral cutaneous anterior cutaneous