Network+ (Common Cable Types and Connectors)

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RJ Connector

'Registered Jack.' Refers to the connector itself

UPC

Ultra Polished Connector or Ultra Physical Contact - Core strands are cut perfectly straight causing reflections back into the core which produces a loss of signal called 'return loss.' These connectors are typically blue

Category 5 (CAT5)

100Mbps, 100m distance

Category 6a (CAT6a)

10Gbps, up to 100m

Category 6 (CAT6)

10Gbps, up to 55m

Category 3 (CAT3)

10Mbps, 100m distance

Category 5e (CAT5e)

1Gbps, up to 100m

DB25 Connector

25-pin physical connection, used for RS/232 Serial Ports (usually male cable) and Parallel Printer (usually female) ports.

DB9 Connector

9-pin physical connection, most often used with RS/232 Serial ports on computers and routers. (Technically it should be 'DE-25' Connector, with the E indicating a size of 9 pins, but DB9 is the popular designation).

RJ11

A traditional analog "phone cable" and uses only the 2 center pair of wires on the 6-pin cable. Also known as '6P4C', Six Position, Four Connected

APC

Angle Polished Connector or Angled Physical Contact - Core strands are cut at a precise 8-degree angle, which causes reflections to bounce into the side cladding or sheath, minimizing signal loss

What are the benefits of Copper?

Cheaper and more flexible

FC

Ferrule Connector or Fiber Channel

Media Converter

How to convert from fiber to copper, fiber to coax, etc.

What are the benefits of fiber optic cabling?

Immunity to EMI and RFI, increased distance (up to 40km), faster data transmission

Multimode

Larger core, multiple strands/signals, shorter distance and multiple propagation modes

PVC

Less expensive cabling that is commonly use, sheathed in PolyVinyl-Chloride, which emits toxic gases when burned. Sometimes banned by fire codes

MTRJ

Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack (RJ of Fiber)

Plenum

More expensive than PVC, it is a fire retardant form of cabling that is suited for Plenum spaces in buildings (where air circulates)

What are the downsides to fiber optic cabling?

More expensive, more difficult to install, easy to damage due to lack of flexibility and harder to troubleshoot

Single Mode

One strand of glass fiber, one signal, very long distance, typically in a yellow jacket

OTDR

Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer, used to test and characterize fiber optic ables

'D'B

Refers to the shape of the connector itself

D'B'

Size designator indicating 25 pins

ST

Straight tip fiber connector

What are the downsides of Copper cabling?

Subject to EMI and RFI and has a limited distance (usually 100m maximum)

SC

Subscriber, Square, or Standard connector

Crossover Cable (X designation)

TX and RX lines are crossed along te cable, sometimes required to connect two network devices (such as switches) to each other

Cable Crimpers

Used to crimp connectors onto copper cables (Coaxial, Twisted Pair)

Cable Certifier

Used to perform advanced tests on twisted pair cables to confirm performance as Category 6, CAT5, etc.

Punch down tool

Used to punch twisted pair cables onto 66 blocks, patch panels or outlets

Wire Strippers

Used to strip the outer insulation from cables

RJ48C

Uses 8 pins, 4 wire pairs and primarily used in ISDN/DS1 demarc connections, with the signal carried on pins 1, 2, 4, and 5

RJ45

Uses 8-pin connectors with four (4) wire pairs. Signal is carried on pins 1, 2, 3, and 6.

RJ12

Uses all six (6) wires

RJ14

Uses four wires, although only four may be installed to begin with

Rollover Cable

Wire order is exactly reversed on the opposite end

Shielded

Wire pairs that have insulation from EMI

Unshielded

Wire pairs that have no insulation from EMI

Straight-through cable

Wires are mapped to the same pins on both ends


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