Networking Chapter 5

Borrowed bits

The bits you add, when you add bits to a classful mask. The number of these bits you use determines how many subnets are created and the number of usable hosts per subnet.

Classful Mask

The default subnet masks associated with the address classes A, B, C. Dotted decimal PrefixNotation Class 1st-octet Classful Mask Classful Mask A 1-126 255.0.0.0 /9 B 128-191 255.255.0.0 /16 C 192-223 255.255.255.0 /24

Block Size

The increment you will be counting by in that octet. calculated by subtracting the subnet mask value in the interesting octet from 256.

Unicast

The majority of network traffic. This traffic travels from a single device to a single destination device.

Interesting Octet

The octet containing the last 1 in the subnet mask.

Automatic Private IP Addressing

169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 . These addresses are not routable. Usually the result of a DHCP server going down.

CIDR meaning

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

Prefix Notation / Slash Notation

Represents the subnet mask such as /6 /16 /24. Where the /# represents the represents the amount of network Bits being used in the subnet mask. Example. Class B 255.255.0.0 is a /16 Prefix Notation. Where /16 represents 16 bits being used as network bits. 11111111.11111111.00000000.0000000 - if you count the 1's they equal 16.

Default Gateway

Routes traffic from the sender's subnet toward the destination subnet.

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Shortens a classful subnet mask by removing 1s from the classful mask and as a result it allows contiguous classful networks to be aggregated Sometimes called route aggregation. Use: an ISP could take some very similar addresses and essentially summarize them into a single network address forming a single route advertisement to be sent.

Mutlicast

Allows a single hos to send traffic to multiple, yet specific, destinations.

DHCP

Allows for the automatic assignment of IP addressing information within a particular, manually, set range of addresses. Does not required static configuration of MAC addresses.

Octet

An 8-bit portion of a 32 bit IPv4 address.

Bootstrap Protocol

An early option for performing automatic assignment of IP addresses. This is a method of assigning IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway information to disk-less workstations. A device would send out a broadcast and if the server received the request , it would send out a responding IP address. Required Statically configured database of MAC addresses.

APIPA

Automatic Private IP Addressing

DHCP meaning

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Private IP Addresses

Host that are assigned within a non public network address and require NAT in order to connect with a WAN. Allows a large number of devices to use a single public network IP address.

Broadcast

Travels from a single source to all destination on a network.

Dotted-decimal notation

an address written from Binary into decimals numbers separated by periods. For example. 192.168.1.1 is derived from the binary notation 11000000.10101000.00000001.0000001.

Link-local IP address

is a non-routable IP address usable only on a local subnet (Ex. APIPA)

Zeroconf (Zero Configuration)

is a t technology supported on most modern operating systems and performs three basic functions. Assigning link - local IP addresses - APIPA Resolving computer names to IP addresses - mDNS - Multicast Domain Name Service Locating network services.- such as: SLP (Service Location Protocol) SSDP - Microsoft's (Simple Service Discovery Prot) DNS-SD Apple's (DNS-based Service Discovery)

Anycast

you can assign a single IPv6 address to multiple devices and the router uses the on-to-nearest communication flow.