Networking Chapter 5
Borrowed bits
The bits you add, when you add bits to a classful mask. The number of these bits you use determines how many subnets are created and the number of usable hosts per subnet.
Classful Mask
The default subnet masks associated with the address classes A, B, C. Dotted decimal PrefixNotation Class 1st-octet Classful Mask Classful Mask A 1-126 255.0.0.0 /9 B 128-191 255.255.0.0 /16 C 192-223 255.255.255.0 /24
Block Size
The increment you will be counting by in that octet. calculated by subtracting the subnet mask value in the interesting octet from 256.
Unicast
The majority of network traffic. This traffic travels from a single device to a single destination device.
Interesting Octet
The octet containing the last 1 in the subnet mask.
Automatic Private IP Addressing
169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 . These addresses are not routable. Usually the result of a DHCP server going down.
CIDR meaning
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
Prefix Notation / Slash Notation
Represents the subnet mask such as /6 /16 /24. Where the /# represents the represents the amount of network Bits being used in the subnet mask. Example. Class B 255.255.0.0 is a /16 Prefix Notation. Where /16 represents 16 bits being used as network bits. 11111111.11111111.00000000.0000000 - if you count the 1's they equal 16.
Default Gateway
Routes traffic from the sender's subnet toward the destination subnet.
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Shortens a classful subnet mask by removing 1s from the classful mask and as a result it allows contiguous classful networks to be aggregated Sometimes called route aggregation. Use: an ISP could take some very similar addresses and essentially summarize them into a single network address forming a single route advertisement to be sent.
Mutlicast
Allows a single hos to send traffic to multiple, yet specific, destinations.
DHCP
Allows for the automatic assignment of IP addressing information within a particular, manually, set range of addresses. Does not required static configuration of MAC addresses.
Octet
An 8-bit portion of a 32 bit IPv4 address.
Bootstrap Protocol
An early option for performing automatic assignment of IP addresses. This is a method of assigning IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway information to disk-less workstations. A device would send out a broadcast and if the server received the request , it would send out a responding IP address. Required Statically configured database of MAC addresses.
APIPA
Automatic Private IP Addressing
DHCP meaning
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Private IP Addresses
Host that are assigned within a non public network address and require NAT in order to connect with a WAN. Allows a large number of devices to use a single public network IP address.
Broadcast
Travels from a single source to all destination on a network.
Dotted-decimal notation
an address written from Binary into decimals numbers separated by periods. For example. 192.168.1.1 is derived from the binary notation 11000000.10101000.00000001.0000001.
Link-local IP address
is a non-routable IP address usable only on a local subnet (Ex. APIPA)
Zeroconf (Zero Configuration)
is a t technology supported on most modern operating systems and performs three basic functions. Assigning link - local IP addresses - APIPA Resolving computer names to IP addresses - mDNS - Multicast Domain Name Service Locating network services.- such as: SLP (Service Location Protocol) SSDP - Microsoft's (Simple Service Discovery Prot) DNS-SD Apple's (DNS-based Service Discovery)
Anycast
you can assign a single IPv6 address to multiple devices and the router uses the on-to-nearest communication flow.
