Networks Final

About 90-100 feet (The IEE 802.11g standard provides a maximum data rate of up to 54 Mbps, but you need to be close to the access point, somewhere around 90 to 100 feet.)

What is the maximum distance with maximum data rate for 802.11g?

30 (A /27 (255.255.255.224) is 3 bits on and 5 bits off. This provides 8 subnets, each with 30 hosts. Does it matter if this mask is used with a Class A, B, or C network address? Not at all. The number of host bits would never change.)

What is the maximum number of IP addresses that can be assigned to hosts on a local subnet that uses the 255.255.255.224 subnet mask?

/30 (A point-to-point link uses only two hosts. A /30, or 255.255.255.252, mask provides two hosts per subnet.)

On a VLSM network, which mask should you use on point-to-point WAN links in order to reduce the waste of IP addresses?

8 subnets, 8,190 hosts each (A CIDR address of /19 is 255.255.224.0. This is a Class B address, so that is only 3 subnet bits, but it provides 13 host bits, or 8 subnets, each with 8,190 hosts.)

The network address of 172.16.0.0/19 provides how many subnets and hosts?

About 150 feet (The IEEE 802.11b standard provides a maximum data rate of up to only 11Mbps, and you can be around 150 feet, maybe farther, depending on conditions.)

What is the maximum distance with maximum data rate for 802.11b?

To provide a means for the receiver to govern the amount of data sent by the sender (Flow control allows the receiving device to control the transmitter so the receiving device's buffer does not overflow.)

What is the purpose of flow control?

200.10.5.64 (This is a pretty simple question A /28 is 255.255.255.240, which means that our block size is 16 in the fourth octet. 0, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, etc. The host is in the 64 subnet.)

What is the subnetwork address for a host with the IP address 200.10.5.68/28?

1, 3 and 4 (The common types of flow control are buffering, windowing, and congestion avoidance.)

Which of the following are types of flow control? 1. Buffering 2. Cut-through 3. Windowing 4. Congestion avoidance

1 (By default switches break up collision domains but are one large broadcast domain.)

How many broadcast domains are created when you segment a network with a 12-port switch?

12 (Layer 2 switching creates individual collision domains)

How many collision domains are created when you segment a network with a 12-port switch?

12 (The IEEE 802.11a standard provides up to 12 non-overlapping channels.)

How many non-overlapping channels are available with 802.11a?

3 (The IEEE 802.11b standard provides 3 non-overlapping channels.)

How many non-overlapping channels are available with 802.11b?

3 (The IEEE 802.11g standard provides 3 non-overlapping channels.)

How many non-overlapping channels are available with 802.11g?

23 (The IEEE 802.11h standard provides an addition 11 channels to the 802.11a standard's 12 non-overlapping channel for a total of 23 non-overlapping channels.)

How many non-overlapping channels are available with 802.11h?

Fiber-optic cable (Fiber-optic cable provides a more secure, long-distance cable that is not susceptible to EMI interference at high speeds.)

How to implement a network medium that is not susceptible to EMI. Which type of cabling should you use?

172.16.45.12 (A /30, regardless of the class of address, has a 252 in the fourth octet. This means we have a block size of 4 and our subnets are 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, etc. Address 14 is obviously in the 12 subnet.)

If a host on a network has the address 172.16.45.14/30, what is the subnetwork this host belongs to?

A (A /25 mask is 255.255.255.128. Used with a Class B network , the third and fourth octets are used for subnetting with a total of 9 subnet bits, 8 bits in the third octet and 1 bit in the fourth octet. Since there is only 1 bit in the fourth octet, the bit is either off or on-which is a value of 0 or 128. The host in the question is in the 0 subnet, which has a broadcast address of 127 since 128 is the next subnet.)

If an Ethernet port on a router were assigned an IP address of 172.16.112.1/25, what would be the valid subnet address of this host? A. 172.16.112.0 B. 172.16.0.0 C. 172.16.96.0 D. 172.16.255.0

Application (Both FTP and Telnet use TCP at the Transport layer; however, they both are Application layer protocols, so the Application layer is the best answer.)

If you use either Telnet or FTP, which is the highest layer you are using to transmit data?

ARP

The TCP/IP Utility name in the graphic below has been replaced by word COMMAND. Which TCP/IP utility results are shown?

192.168.10.142 (A /28 is a 255.255.255.240 mask. Let's count to the ninth subnet (we need to find the broadcast address of the eighth subnet, so we need to count to the ninth subnet). Starting at 16 (remember, the question stated that we will not use subnet zero, so we start at 16, not 0), 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96, 122, 128, 144. The eighth subnet is 128 and the next subnet is 144, so our broadcast address of the 128 subnet is 143. This makes the host range 129-142. 142 is the last valid host.)

Using the following illustration, what would be the IP address of E0 if you were using the eighth subnet? The network ID is 192.168.10.0/28 and you need to use the last available IP address in the range. The zero subnet should not be considered valid for this question.

192.168.10.30 (A /28 is a 255.255.255.240 mask. The first subnet is 16 (remember that the question stated not to use subnet zero) and the next subnet is 32, so our broadcast address is 31. This makes our host range 17-30. 30 is the last valid host.)

Using the illustration from the previous question, what would be the IP address of S0 if you were using the first subnet? The network ID is 192.168.10.0/28 and you need to use the last available IP address in the range. Again, the zero subnet should not be considered valid for this question.

2 and 3 (Bridges break up collision domains, which allow more bandwidth for users.)

What are two purposes for segmentation with a bridge? 1. To add more broadcast domains. 2. To create more collision domains. 3. To add more bandwidth for users. 4. To allow more broadcasts for users.

Breaks up broadcast domains in a layer 2 switch internetwork (VLANs break up broadcast domains at layer 2.)

What does a VLAN do?

5GHz (The IEEE 802.11a standard runs in the 5GHz RF range.)

What is the frequency range of the IEEE 802.11a standard?

2.4GHz (The IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g standards both run in the 2.4GHz RF range.)

What is the frequency range of the IEEE 802.11b standard?

2.4 GHz (The IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g standards both run in the 2.4GHz RF range.)

What is the frequency range of the IEEE 802.11g standard?

C (The primary reason the OSI model was created was so that different networks could inter-operate.)

What is the main reason the OSI model was created? A. To create a layered model larger than the DoD model. B. So application developers can change only one layer's protocols at a time. C. So different networks could communicate. D. So Cisco could use the model.

54Mbps (The IEEE 802.11a standard provides a maximum data rate of up to 54Mbps.)

What is the maximum data rate for the 802.11a standard?

11Mbps (The IEEE 802.11b standard provides a maximum data rate of up to 11Mbps.)

What is the maximum data rate for the 802.11b standard?

54Mbps (The IEEE 802.11g standard provides a maximum data rate of up to 54Mbps.)

What is the maximum data rate for the 802.11g standard?

About 65-75 feet (The IEEE 802.11a standard provides a maximum data rate of up to 54Mbps, but you need to be close to the access point, somewhere around 65 to 75 feet.)

What is the maximum distance with maximum data rate for 802.11a?

About 175 feet (The IEEE 802.11a standard's lowest data rate is 6Mbps, but it can run from a distance of about 175 feet.)

What is the maximum distance running the lowest data rate for 802.11a?

About 350 feet (The IEEE 802.11b standard provides the lowest data rate at 1Mbps, but it also has the longest distance, which is about 350 feet.)

What is the maximum distance running the lowest data rate for 802.11b?

About 300 feet (The IEEE 802.11g standard's lowest data rate is 6Mbps, but it can run from a distance of about 300 feet.)

What is the maximum distance running the lowest data rate for 802.11g?

B (You need 5 subnets, each with at least 16 hosts. The mask 255.255.255.240 provides 16 subnets with 14 hosts-this will not work. The mask 255.255.255.224 provides 8 subnets, each with 30 hosts. This is the best answer.)

You need to subnet a network that has 5 subnets, each with at least 16 hosts. Which classful subnet mask would you use? A. 255.255.255.192 B. 255.255.255.224 C. 255.255.255.240 D. 255.255.255.248

Physical layer

Where is a hub specified in the OSI model?

1 and 5 only (First, if you have two hosts directly connected, as shown in the graphic, then you need a crossover cable. A straight-through cable won't work. Second, the hosts have different masks, which puts them in different subnets. The easy solution is just to set both masks to 255.255.255.0 (/24).)

A network administrator is connecting hosts A and B directly through their Ethernet interfaces, as shown in the illustration. Ping attempts between the hosts are unsuccessful. What can be done to provide connectivity between the hosts? 1. A crossover cable should be used in place of the straight-through cable. 2. A rollover cable should be used in place of the straight-through cable. 3. The subnet masks should be set to 255.255.255.192. 4. A default gateway needs to be set on each host. 5. The subnet masks should be set to 255.255.255.0.

Decrease the window size (A receiving host can control the transmitter by using flow control (TCP uses Windowing by default). By decreasing the window size, the receiving host can slow down the transmitting host so the receiving host does not overflow its buffers.)

A receiving host has failed to receive all of the segments that it should acknowledge. What can the host do to improve the reliability of this communication session?

C (Although you can use either 100Mbps or 1Gbps Ethernet, the 100Mbps is necessary at a minimum and is the best answer to this question. You need to trunk the link from the switch to the router to make this connection work with inter-VLAN communication.)

A switch has been configured for three different VLANs: VLAN2, VLAN3, and VLAN4. A router has been added to provide communication between the VLANs. What type of interface is necessary on the router if only one connection is to be made between the router and the switch? A. 10Mbps Ethernet B. 56Kbps Serial C. 100Mbps Ethernet D. 1Gbps Ethernet

Layer 4 (A reliable Transport layer connection uses acknowledgments to make sure all data is transmitted and received reliably. A reliable connection is defined by a virtual circuit that uses acknowledgments, sequencing, and flow control, which are characteristics of the Transport layer (layer 4).)

Acknowledgments, sequencing, and flow control are characteristics of which OSI layer?

2 and 5 (Once transmitting stations on Ethernet segment hear a collision, they send an extended jam signal to ensure that all stations recognize the collision. After the jamming is complete, each sender waits a predetermined amount of time, plus a random time. After both timers expire, they are free to transmit, but they must make sure the media is clear before transmitting and that they all have equal priority.)

How does a host on an Ethernet LAN know when to transmit after a collision has occurred? 1. In a CSMA/CD collision domain, multiple stations can successfully transmit data simultaneously. 2. In a CSMA/CD collision domain, stations must wait until the media is not in use before transmitting. 3. You can improve the CSMA/CD network by adding more hubs. 4. After a collision, the station that detected the collision has first priority to resend the lost data. 5. After a collision, all stations run a random backoff algorithm. When the backoff delay period has expired, all stations have equal priority to transmit data.

128 bits

How long is an IPv6 address?

3, 2, 1, none (Routers operate at layer 3. LAN switches operate at layer 2. Ethernet hubs operate at layer 1. Word processing applications communicate to the Application layer interface, but do not operate at layer 7, so the answer would be none.)

Routers operate at layer ___. LAN switches operate at layer ___. Ethernet hubs operate at layer ___. Word processing operates at layer ___.

Transport (The Transport layer receives large data streams from the upper layers and breaks these up into smaller pieces called segments.)

Segmentation of a data stream happens at which layer of the OSI model?

Internet (The four layers of the DoD model are Application/Process, Host-to-Host, Internet, and Network Access. The Internet layer is equivalent to the Network layer of the OSI model.)

The DoD model (also called the TCP/IP stack) has four layers. Which layer of the DoD model is equivalent to the Network layer of the OSI model?

2 and 4 (You must have the same VTP domain name on all switches in order to share VLAN information between the switches. At least one of the switches must be a VTP server; the other switches should be set to VTP client.)

To configure the VLAN trunking protocol to communicate VLAN information between two switches, what two requirements must be met? 1. Each end of the trunk link must be set to the IEEE 802.1e encapsulation. 2. The VTP management domain name of both switches must be set the same. 3. All ports on both the switches must be set as access ports. 4. One of the two switches must be configured as a VTP server. 5. A rollover cable is required to connect the two switches together. 6. A router must be used to forward VTP traffic between VLANs.

127.0.0.1 (To test the local stack on your host, ping the loopback interface of 127.0.0.1.)

To test the IP stack on your local host, which IP address would you ping?

172.16.64 (A /21 is 255.255.248.0), which means we have a block size of 8 in the third octet, so we just count by 8 until we reach 66. The subnet in this question is 64.0. The next subnet is 72.0, so the broadcast address of the 64 subnet is 71.255.)

What is the subnetwork number of a host with an IP address of 172.16.66.0/21?

Host-to-Host (The four layers of the TCP/IP stack (also called the DoD model) are Application/Process, Host-to-Host, Internet, and Network Access. The Host-to-Host layer is equivalent to the Transport layer of the OSI model.)

What layer in the TCP/IP stack is equivalent to the Transport layer of the OSI model?

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to find the hardware address from a known IP address.)

What protocol is used to find the hardware address of a local device?

B (VTP is not right because it has nothing to do with trunking except that it sends VLAN information across a trunk link. 802.1Q and ISL are used to configure trunking on a port.)

What protocols are used to configure trunking on a switch? 1. VLAN Trunking Protocol 2. VLAN 3. 802.1Q 4. ISL A. 1 and 2 B. 3 and 4 C. 1 only D. 2 only

Crossover cable (To connect two switches together, you would use a RJ45 UTP crossover cable.)

What type of RJ45 UTP cable is used between switches?

By default, all VLANs are allowed on the trunk. (By default, all VLANS are allowed on the trunk link and you must remove by hand each VLAN that you don't want traversing the trunked link.)

When a new trunk link is configured on an IOS-based switch, which VLANs are allowed over the link?

C (The encapsulation method is data, segment, packet, frame, bit.)

When data is encapsulated which is the correct order? A. Data, frame, packet, segment, bit B. Segment, data, packet, frame, bit C. Data, segment, packet, frame, bit D. Data, segment, frame, packet, bit

G

Which WLAN IEEE specification allows up to 54Mbps at 2.4 GHz?

Class A (Class A addressing provides 24 bits for host addressing.)

Which class of IP address has the most host addresses available by default?

Class C (A Class C network address has only 8 bits for defining hosts: 2^8 - 2 = 254.)

Which class of IP address provides a maximum of only 254 host addresses per network ID?

Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dotlq (If you are on a 2950 switch, then the interface command is just switchport mode trunk, since the 2950 can only run the IEEE 802.1Q version. However, a 3550 can run both ISL and 802.1Q, so you must use the encapsulation command. The argument to choose 802.1Q for a trunking protocol is dot1q.)

Which command will configure a switch port to use the IEEE standard method of inserting VLAN membership information into Ethernet frames?

1 and 4 (An Ethernet frame has source and destination MAC addresses, an Ether-Type field to identify the Network layer protocol, the data, and the FCS field that holds the answer to the CRC.)

Which fields are contained within an IEEE Ethernet frame header? 1. Source and destination MAC address 2. Source and destination network address 3. Source and destination MAC address and source and destination network address 4. FCS field

3 and 4 (Not that you really to enlarge a single collision domain, but a hub (multiport repeater) will provide this for you.)

Which layer 1 devices can be used to enlarge the area covered by a single LAN segment? 1. Switch 2. NIC 3. Hub 4. Repeater 5. RJ45 transceiver

TCP (Although Telnet does use TCP and IP (TCP/IP), the question specifically asks about layer 4, and IP works at layer 3. Telnet uses TCP at layer 4.)

Which layer 4 protocol is used for a Telnet connection?

C (Proxy ARP can help machines on a subnet reach remote subnets without configuring routing or a default gateway.)

Which of the following allows a router to respond to an ARP request that is intended for a remote host? A. Gateway DP B. Reverse ARP (RARP) C. Proxy ARP D. Inverse ARP (IARP)

3, 4 and 5 (Telnet, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Trivial FTP (TFTP) are all Application layer protocols. IP is a Network layer protocol. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a Transport layer protocol.)

Which of the following are TCP/IP protocols used at the Application layer of the OSI model? 1. IP 2. TCP 3. Telnet 4. FTP 5. TFTP

2, 3 and 6 (VLANs break up broadcast domains in a switched layer 2 network, which means smaller broadcast domains. They allow configuration by logical function instead of physical location and can create some security if configured correctly.)

Which of the following are benefits of VLANs? 1. They increase the size of collision domains. 2. They allow logical grouping of users by function. 3. They can enhance network security. 4. They increase the size of broadcast domains while decreasing the number of collision domains. 5. They simplify switch administration. 6. They increase the number of broadcast domains while decreasing the size of the broadcast domains.

1, 3 and 4 (This seems like a hard question at first because it doesn't make sense. The listed answers are from the OSI model and the question asked about the TCP/IP protocol stack (DoD model). However, let's just look for what is wrong. First, the Session layer is not in the TCP/IP model; neither are the Data Link and Physical layers. This leaves us with the Transport layer (Host-to-Host in the DoD model), Internet layer (Network layer in the OSI), and Application layer (Application/Process in the DoD).

Which of the following are layers in the TCP/IP model? 1. Application 2. Session 3. Transport 4. Internet 5. Data Link 6. Physical

1 and 4 (Unlike full duplex, half-duplex Ethernet operates in a shared collision domain, and it has a lower effective throug

Which of the following are unique characteristics of half-duplex Ethernet when compared to full-duplex Ethernet? 1. Half-duplex Ethernet operates in a shared collision domain. 2. Half-duplex Ethernet operates in a private collision domain. 3. Half-duplex Ethernet has higher effective throughput. 4. Half-duplex Ethernet has lower effective throughput.

switchport mode trunk (To set a switch port to trunk mode, which allows all VLAN information to pass down the link, use the switchport mode trunk command.)

Which of the following commands sets a trunk port on a 2960 switch?

E (Routers provide packet switching, packet filtering, internetwork communication, and path selection.)

Which of the following describe router functions? A. Packet switching B. Packet filtering C. Internetwork communication D. Path selection E. All of the above

1 and 2 (A client that sends out a DHCP Discover message in order to receive an IP address sends out a broadcast at both layer 2 and layer 3. The layer 2 broadcast is all Fs in hex, or FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. The layer 3 broadcast is 255.255.255.255, which means all networks and all hosts. DHCP is connectionless, which means it uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) at the Transport layer, also called the Host-to-Host layer.

Which of the following describe the DHCP Discover message? 1. It uses FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF as a layer 2 broadcast. 2. It uses UDP as the Transport layer protocol. 3. It uses TCP as the Transport layer protocol. 4. It does not use a layer 2 destination address.

D (Class A private address range is 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255. Class B private address range is 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255, and Class C private address range is 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255.)

Which of the following is private IP address? A. 12.0.0.1 B. 168.172.19.39 C. 172.15.14.36 D. 192.168.24.43

A (256 - 192 = 64, so 64 is our block size. Just count in increments of 64 to find our subnet: 64 + 64 = 128. 128 + 64 = 192. The subnet is 128, the broadcast address is 191, and the valid host range is the numbers in between, or 129-190.)

Which of the following is the valid host range for the subnet on which the IP address 192.168.168.188 / 255.255.255.192 resides? A. 192.168.168.129-190 B. 192.168.168.129-191 C. 192.168.168.128-190 D. 192.168.168.128-192

D (Switches do not propagate VLAN information by default; you must configure the VTP domain. VLAN Trunk Protocol (VTP) is used to propagate VLAN information across a trunked link.)

Which of the following is true regarding VLANs? A. You must have at least two VLANs defined in every Cisco switched network. B. All VLANs are configured at the fastest switch and, by default, propagate this information to all other switches. C. You should not have more than 10 switches in the same VTP domain. D. VTP is used to send VLAN information to switches in a configured VTP domain.

A (All Cisco switches are VTP servers by default. No other VTP information is configured on a Cisco switch by default. You must set the VTP domain name on all switches to be the same domain name or they will not share the VTP database.)

Which of the following is true regarding VTP? A. All switches are VTP servers by default. B. All switches are VTP transparent by default. C. VTP is on by default with a domain name of Cisco on all Cisco switches. D. All switches are VTP clients by default.

2, 3 and 4 (The valid modes of a VLAN trunk on a switch are dynamic auto, dynamic desirable, trunk (on), and nonegotiate.

Which of the following modes are valid when a switch port is used as a VLAN trunk? 1. Blocking 2. Dynamic auto 3. Dynamic desirable 4. Nonegotiate 5. Access 6. Learning

1 and 3 (ISL is a Cisco-proprietary frame-tagging method. IEEE 802.1Q is the nonproprietary version of frame tagging.)

Which of the following provide inter-switch VLAN communication? 1. ISL 2. VTP 3. 802.1Q 4. 802.3Z

B (SMTP, HTTP and FTP use TCP)

Which of the following services use TCP? 1. DHCP 2. SMTP 3. HTTP 4. TFTP 5. FTP A. 1 and 2 B. 2, 3 and 5 C. 1, 2 and 4 D. 1, 3 and 4

1, 3 and 6 (DHCP, SNMP, and TFTP use UDP)

Which of the following services use UDP? 1. DHCP 2. SMTP 3. SNMP 4. FTP 5. HTTP 6. TFTP

2, 3 and 5 (Hubs cannot run full-duplex Ethernet. Full duplex must be used on a point-to-point connection between two devices capable of running full duplex. Switches and hosts can run full duplex between each other, but a hub can never run full duplex.)

Which of the following types of connections can use full duplex? 1. Hub to hub 2. Switch to switch 3. Host to host 4. Switch to hub 5. Switch to host

DNS (DNS uses TCP for zone exchanges between servers and UDP when a client is trying to resolve a hostname to an IP address.)

Which of the following uses both TCP and UDP? FTP SMTP Telnet DNS

D (Switches do not propagate VLAN information by default; you must configure the VTP domain. VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is used to propagate VLAN information across a trunk link.)

Which one of the following is true regarding VLANs? A. Two VLANs are configured by default on all Cisco switches. B. VLANs only work if you have a complete Cisco switched internetwork. No off-brand switches are allowed. C. You should not have more than 10 switches in the same VTP domain. D. VTP is used to send VLAN information to switches in a configured VTP domain.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol is a connection network service at the Transport layer, and DHCP uses this connectionless service.)

Which protocol does DHCP use at the Transport layer?

ICMP (ICMO is the protocol at the Network layer that is used to send echo requests and replies)

Which protocol does Ping use?

ICMP (ICMP is the protocol at the Network layer that is used to send messages back to an originating router.)

Which protocol is used to send a destination network unknown message back to originating hosts?

VTP (Virtual Trunk Protocol (VTP) is used to pass a VLAN database to any or all switches in the switched network. The three VTP modes are server, client, and transparent.)

Which protocol reduces administrative overhead in a switched network by allowing the configuration of a new VLAN to be distributed to all the switches in a domain?

2 and 3 (ICMP is used for diagnostics and destination unreachable messages. ICMP is encapsulated within IP datagrams, and because it is used for diagnostics, it will provide hosts with information about network problems.)

Which statements are true regarding ICMP packets? 1. ICMP guarantees datagram delivery. 2. ICMP can provide hosts with information about network problems. 3. ICMP is encapsulated within IP datagrams. 4. ICMP is encapsulated within UDP datagrams.

3 and 4 (Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used to send error messages through the network, but they do not work alone. Every segment or ICMP payload must be encapsulated within an IP datagram (or packet).)

Which statements are true regarding ICMP packets? 1. They acknowledge receipt of a TCP segment. 2. They guarantee datagram delivery. 3. They can provide hosts with information about network problems. 4. They are encapsulated within IP datagrams.

VLANs (Virtual LANs break up broadcast domains in layer 2 switched internetworks.)

Which switching technology reduces the size of a broadcast domain?

1, 2, and 5 (Full-duplex means you are using both wire pairs simultaneously to send and receive data. You must have a dedicated switch port for each node, which means you will not have collisions. Both the host network card and the switch port must be capable and set to work in full-duplex mode.)

Which three statements are true about the operation of a full-duplex Ethernet network? 1. There are no collisions in full-duplex mode. 2. A dedicated switch port is required for each full-duplex node. 3. Ethernet hub ports are preconfigured for full-duplex mode. 4. In a full-duplex environment, the host network card must check for the availability of the network media before transmitting. 5. The host network card and the switch port must be capable of operating in full-duplex mode.

2 and 4 (The mask 255.255.254.0 (/23) used with a Class A address means that there are 15 subnet bits and 9 host bits. The block size in the third octet is 2 (256-254). So this makes the subnets in the interesting octet 0, 2, 4, 6, etc., all the way to 254. The host 10.16.3.65 is the 2.0 subnet. The next subnet is 4.0, so the broadcast address for the 2.0 subnet is 3.255. The valid host addresses are 2.1 through 3.254.

Which two statements describe the IP address 10.16.3.65/23? 1. The subnet address is 10.16.3.0 255.255.254.0. 2. The lowest host address in the subnet is 10.16.2.1 255.255.254.0. 3. The last valid host address in the subnet is 10.16.2.254 255.255.254.0. 4. The broadcast address of the subnet is 10.16.3.255 255.255.254.0.

1 and 4 (The main advantage of a layered model is that it can allow application developers to change aspects of a program in just one layer of the layer model's specifications. Advantages of using the OSI layered model include, but are not limited to, the following: It divides the network communication process into smaller and simpler components, thus aiding component development, design, and troubleshooting; it allows multiple-vendor development through standardization of network components; it encourages industry standardization by defining what functions occur at each layer of the model; it allows various types of network hardware and software to communicate; and it prevents changes in one layer from affecting other layers, so it does not hamper development.)

Why does the data communication industry use the layered OSI reference model? 1. It divides the network communication process into smaller and simpler components, thus aiding component development, design, and troubleshooting. 2. It enables the equipment from different vendors to use the same electronic components, thus saving research and development funds. 3. It supports the evolution of multiple competing standards and thus provides business opportunities for equipment manufacturers. 4. It encourages industry standardization by defining what functions occur at each layer of the model.

A (Extended Service Set ID means that you have more than one access point and they all are set to the same SSID and all are connected together in the same VLAN or distribution system so users can roam.)

You are connecting your access point and it is set to root. What does Extended Service Set ID mean? A. That you have more than one access point and they are in the same SSID connected by a distribution system. B. That you have more than one access point and they are in separate SSIDs connected by a distribution system. C. That you have multiple access points, but they are placed physically in different buildings. D. That you have multiple access points, but one is a repeater access point.

5 (A 240 mask is a 4 subnet bits and provides 16 subnets, each with 14 hosts. Wee need more subnets, so let's add subnet bits. One more subnet bit would be 248 mask. This provides 5 subnet bits (32 subnets) with 3 host bits (6 hosts per subnet). This is the best answer.)

You have a network that needs 29 subnets while maximizing the number of host addresses available on each subnet. How many bits must you borrow from the host field provide the correct subnet mask? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

D (A Class B network ID with a /22 mask is 255.255.252.0, with a block size of 4 in the third octet. The network address in the question is in subnet 172.16.16.0 with a broadcast address of 172.16.19.255. Only option E even has the correct subnet mask listed, and 172.16.18.255 is a valid host.)

You have a network with a subnet of 172.16.17.0/22. Which is the valid host address? A. 172.16.17.1 255.255.255.252 B. 172.16.0.1 255.255.240.0 C. 172.16.20.1 255.255.254.0 D. 172.16.18.255 255.255.252.0

6 (A /29 (255.255.255.248), regardless of the class of address, has only 3 host bits. Six hosts is the maximum number of hosts on this LAN, including the router interface.)

You have an interface on a router with the IP address of 192.168.192.10/29. Including the router interface, how many hosts can have IP addresses on the LAN attached to the router interface?

192.168.192.15 (A /29 (255.255.255.248) has block size of 8 in the fourth octet. This means the subnets are 0, 8, 16, 24, etc. 10 is in the 8 subnet. The next subnet is 16, so 15 is the broadcast address.)

You have an interface on a router with the IP address of 192.168.192.10/29. What is the broadcast address the hosts will use on this LAN?

192.168.19.26 255.255.255.248 (A /29 is 255.255.255.248, which is a block size of 8 in the fourth octet. The subnets are 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, etc. 192.168.19.24 is the 24 subnet, and since 32 is the next subnet, the broadcast address for the 24 subnet is 31. 192.168.19.26 is the only correct answer.)

You need to configure a server that is on the subnet 192.168.19.24/29. The router has the first available host address. Which of the following should you assign to the server?

exit (Since the question never mentioned anything about a suspended session, you can assume that the Telnet session is still open, and you would just type exit to close the session.)

You telnet to a router and make your necessary changes, now you want to end the Telnet session. What command do you type in?

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is used to provide IP information to hosts on your network. DHCP can provide a lot of information, but the most common is IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS information.)

You want to implement a mechanism that automates the IP configuration, including IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS information. Which protocol will you use to accomplish this?

Switches configured with VLANs (By creating and implementing VLANs in your switched network, you can break up broadcast domains at layer 2. For hosts different VLANs to communicate, you must have a router or layer 3 switch.)

You want to improve network performance by increasing the bandwidth available to hosts and limit the size of the broadcast domains. Which of the following options will achieve this goal? A. Managed hubs B. Bridges C. Switches D. Switches configured with VLANs

3 and 4 only (The router's IP address on the E0 interface is 173.16.2.1/23, which is 255.255.254.0. This makes the third octet at block size of 2. The router's interface is in the 2.0 subnet, and the broadcast adress is 3.255 because the next subnet is 4.0. The valid host range is 2.1 through 3.254. The router is using the first valid host address in the range.

Your router has the following IP address on Ethernet0: 172.16.2.1/23. Which of the following can be valid host IDs on the LAN interface attached to the router? 1. 172.16.1.100 2. 172.16.1.198 3. 172.16.2.255 4. 172.16.3.0