Neural Tissue Guided Reading 2
The structural classification of a neuron is based upon ________. A) the size of the dendrites B) the number of axons C) the number of processes that project from the cell body D) the type of chemical neurotransmitter it secretes E) the overall size of the cell
The number of processes tha project from the cell body
Because a neuron loses its centrioles during differentiation, ________. A) it is rendered incapable of dividing B) it cannot grow as quickly as neurons that retain their centrioles C) it loses its normal ability to produce a myelin sheath D) it is probably located in the PNS
It is rendered incapable of dividing
If the CNS were susceptible to a drug that should not affect it, this might indicate damage to which of the following cells? A) microglia B) Schwann cells C) satellite cells D) astrocytes
Astrocytes
Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands are regulated by the ________. A) somatic nervous system B) parasympathetic division C) sympathetic division D) central nervous system E) autonomic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
The portion of a neuron that carries information in the form of a nerve impulse (action potential) is called the ________. A) soma B) Nissl body C) axon D) dendrite E) myelin
Axon
The area in a multipolar neuron that connects the cell body to the initial segment of the axon is called the ________. A) neurofibril B) Nissl body C) axoplasm D) initial segment E) axon hillock
Axon hillock
Movement of nutrients, waste products, and organelles between the cell body and the synaptic terminals is a process called ________. A) axonal transport B) axoplasmic transport C) osmosis D) diffusion E) neuroskeletal contraction
Axoplasmic transport
The central nervous system (CNS) includes the ________. A) brain only B) spinal cord only C) nerves only D) brain and spinal cord E) nerves and muscles
brain and spinal cord
Functions of the nervous system include which of the following? A) seat of higher functions, such as intelligence, memory, learning, and emotions B) receives sensory input; coordinates sensory input and motor output C) regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activities D) integrating and processing data E) All of the answers are correct.
All of the answers are correct
The anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system are (the) ________. A) central and peripheral nervous systems B) dorsal and ventral nervous systems C) appendicular and axial nervous systems D) autonomic and somatic nervous systems E) None of the answers are correct.
Central and peripheral
Muscle cells, gland cells, and specialized cells that respond to neural stimuli are called ________. A) receptors B) reflexes C) effectors D) axons E) dendrites
Effectors
Which of the following are most closely involved with somatic sensory neurons? A) visceral sensory neurons B) bipolar neurons C) interoceptors D) proprioceptors E) exteroceptors
Exteroceptors
In the process known as Wallerian degeneration ________. A) the axon proximal to the injury deteriorates B) macrophages phagocytize the debris of damaged axons C) Schwann cells completely degenerate D) no trace is left of the path of the original axon that was damaged E) All of the answers are correct.
Macrophages phagocytize the dermis of damaged axons
A biopsy of infected or injured tissue from the CNS will most likely show an elevated number of ________. A) ependymal cells- line central cavities of brain and spinal cord, moves CSF via cilia B) oligodendrocytes- myelin sheath C) satellite cells- surround cell body of PNS neuron. Similar to astrocytes in CNS. D) microglia- monitor health of neurons, microglia migrate to damaged or infected, special type of macrophage. E) interneurons
Microglia - monitor health of neurons ...
If the point of an extremely small probe were passed into a satellite cell, it would be located in which region of the nervous system? A) near a cell body in a ganglion of the PNS B) near the axon of a neuron in the CNS C) near the lining of the ventricles of the brain D) at a neuromuscular synapse E) None of the answers are correct.
Near a cell bendy in a ganglion of the PNS
Axons connecting the ganglion cells with the peripheral effectors are called ________. A) postganglionic fibers B) ganglionic fibers C) preganglionic fibers D) efferent fibers E) afferent fibers
Postgaglionic fibers
Functions of the peripheral nervous system include ________. A) providing sensory information to the CNS only B) making higher order decisions to interpret sensory inputs C) carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems only D) carrying information up and down the spinal cord E) providing sensory information to the CNS and carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems
Proving sensory information to the CNS and carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems
The functional classifications of neurons include ________, which carry information toward the CNS. A) sensory neurons- (afferent)- transmit from sensory receptors to CNS B) interneurons- lie between motor and sensory, shuttle signals through integration pathways C) motor neurons- efferent- carry impulses away from CNS to effector organs. D) axoplasmic neurons E) All of the answers are correct.
Sensory neurons...
Which of the following structures do not contribute to the coarse grainy appearance of the perikaryon of a neuron? A) mitochondria B) free and fixed ribosomes C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum E) All of the answers are correct.
Smooth ER
Receptors may be classified as ________. A) effectors and muscles B) somatic and visceral C) glands and muscles D) voluntary and involuntary E) subconscious and conscious
Somatic and visceral
Injured neurons can fully recover their functional capabilities if ________. A) the oxygen and nutrient supplies are restored within a period of a few minutes B) the cause of the damage is removed within a period of weeks C) the cells can divide enough times to replace those that are lost D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers are correct.
The oxygen an nutrient supplies are restored within a period of a few minutes
Involuntary cardiac muscle fibers of the heart are innervated by ________. A) sensoriganglionic fibers B) preganglionic fibers C) somatic motor fibers D) visceral motor fibers E) All of the answers are correct.
Visceral motor fibers