Neuromuscular Control
The nuclei that make up the basal ganglia include the ...
1. Caudate nucleus. 2. Putamen. 3. Globus pallidus.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS)
1. Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. 2. Adjust to optimally support body activities. 3. Operates mostly via subconscious control.
The vermis is ...
A thin structure that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum.
Anatomically, the cerebellum is divided into what three lobes?
Anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular.
Select the structures that make up the striatum.
Caudate nucleus and Putamen.
The __________ is important for error correction.
Cerebellum
Which is not a meningeal layer?
Choroid
Which of the following is not a cognitive symptom of Parkinson's disease?
Difficulty concentrating.
What are the meningeal layers?
Dura, Pia, Arachnoid.
Ipsilateral excitation of extensors and inhibition of flexors occur during the flexor withdrawal reflex.
False
The somatic nervous system has indirect connections to the target organ.
False
Name the red and black efferent neurons.
Gamma and alpha motor neuron.
What is the name of the relay point in the autonomic nervous system between the spinal cord and the target organ?
Ganglion.
Which of the following diseases are hyperkinetic diseases?
Huntington's disease.
Which of the following are caused by cerebellar damage?
Impaired error correction, impaired balance, and impaired motor learning.
__________ respond to light touch.
Merkel cells
Which of the following are not caused by cerebellar damage?
Paralysis.
Which of the following cerebellar module's deep nuclei is dentate?
Pontocerebellar
The __________ is essential for reward-based learning.
Striatum
Which of the following is a Huntington's disease's motor symptom?
Stumbling.
What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic.
All sensory information to the brain is relayed through the __________.
Thalamus
Dopamine is produced and released by which structure, most notably?
The substantia nigra.
__________ is essential for face recognition.
The temporal lobe
Which of the following is valid for the parasympathetic ganglia?
They are closer to the target organs than the sympathetic ganglia.
A patient suffering from Wernicke's aphasia has problems with speech comprehension.
True
A person suffering from Broca's aphasia has problems with speech production.
True
Alpha-motor neurons are in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
True
In the brain, white matter is on the inside while the grey matter is on the outside.
True
Merkel's cells have slow adapting receptors.
True
The gracile nucleus is medial, while the cuneate nucleus is lateral to the spinal cord.
True
The motor cortex is in the frontal lobe, while the sensory cortex is in the parietal lobe.
True
The parasympathetic division controls routine maintenance functions and is colloquially called rest and digest.
True
The strip of skin that is innervated by a sensory nerve is called dermatome.
True
The sympathetic division mobilizes the body during extreme situations such as exercise, excitement, and emergencies.
True
The knee-jerk reflex is __________.
mono-synaptic
The anterolateral system carries __________ information.
pain and temperature
A neurologist uses a two-point discrimination test to assess the function of the __________.
posterior column medial lemniscal (PCML) system
The fibers carrying pain and temperature cores at the level of __________.
spinal cord
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers are long because ...
they must travel from the ganglia all the way to their target organs.
The fissures of the cerebellum are landmarks that are used to divide it anatomically into __________ lobes.
three.
Cerebralspinal fluid (CSF) is produced in the ...
ventricles.