Neuromuscular Control

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The nuclei that make up the basal ganglia include the ...

1. Caudate nucleus. 2. Putamen. 3. Globus pallidus.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS)

1. Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. 2. Adjust to optimally support body activities. 3. Operates mostly via subconscious control.

The vermis is ...

A thin structure that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum.

Anatomically, the cerebellum is divided into what three lobes?

Anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular.

Select the structures that make up the striatum.

Caudate nucleus and Putamen.

The __________ is important for error correction.

Cerebellum

Which is not a meningeal layer?

Choroid

Which of the following is not a cognitive symptom of Parkinson's disease?

Difficulty concentrating.

What are the meningeal layers?

Dura, Pia, Arachnoid.

Ipsilateral excitation of extensors and inhibition of flexors occur during the flexor withdrawal reflex.

False

The somatic nervous system has indirect connections to the target organ.

False

Name the red and black efferent neurons.

Gamma and alpha motor neuron.

What is the name of the relay point in the autonomic nervous system between the spinal cord and the target organ?

Ganglion.

Which of the following diseases are hyperkinetic diseases?

Huntington's disease.

Which of the following are caused by cerebellar damage?

Impaired error correction, impaired balance, and impaired motor learning.

__________ respond to light touch.

Merkel cells

Which of the following are not caused by cerebellar damage?

Paralysis.

Which of the following cerebellar module's deep nuclei is dentate?

Pontocerebellar

The __________ is essential for reward-based learning.

Striatum

Which of the following is a Huntington's disease's motor symptom?

Stumbling.

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic.

All sensory information to the brain is relayed through the __________.

Thalamus

Dopamine is produced and released by which structure, most notably?

The substantia nigra.

__________ is essential for face recognition.

The temporal lobe

Which of the following is valid for the parasympathetic ganglia?

They are closer to the target organs than the sympathetic ganglia.

A patient suffering from Wernicke's aphasia has problems with speech comprehension.

True

A person suffering from Broca's aphasia has problems with speech production.

True

Alpha-motor neurons are in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

True

In the brain, white matter is on the inside while the grey matter is on the outside.

True

Merkel's cells have slow adapting receptors.

True

The gracile nucleus is medial, while the cuneate nucleus is lateral to the spinal cord.

True

The motor cortex is in the frontal lobe, while the sensory cortex is in the parietal lobe.

True

The parasympathetic division controls routine maintenance functions and is colloquially called rest and digest.

True

The strip of skin that is innervated by a sensory nerve is called dermatome.

True

The sympathetic division mobilizes the body during extreme situations such as exercise, excitement, and emergencies.

True

The knee-jerk reflex is __________.

mono-synaptic

The anterolateral system carries __________ information.

pain and temperature

A neurologist uses a two-point discrimination test to assess the function of the __________.

posterior column medial lemniscal (PCML) system

The fibers carrying pain and temperature cores at the level of __________.

spinal cord

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers are long because ...

they must travel from the ganglia all the way to their target organs.

The fissures of the cerebellum are landmarks that are used to divide it anatomically into __________ lobes.

three.

Cerebralspinal fluid (CSF) is produced in the ...

ventricles.


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