Neuron chart

Nissan bodies

(Clusters of RER and free ribosomes)

Axon: Axolemma

The axolemma (lemme, husk) is a specialized portion of the plasma membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm (axoplasm) of the axon.

Axon: Axon Hillock

The axon hillock is the origin of the axon from the cell body.

Axon: Axoplasm

The axoplasm contains neurofibromas, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes. Mitochondria, and various enzymes.

Perikaryon

The cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus is called the perikaryon. The perikaryon contains organelles that provide energy and synthesize the chemical neurotransmitters that are important in cell-to-cell communication.

Neurofibrils/neurofilaments

The cytoskeleton of the perikaryon contains neurofliaments similar to the intermediate filaments in other cells. Neurofibrils are bundles of neurofilaments that extend into the dendrites and axon, providing internal support for these slender processes.

Axon: Initial Segment

The initial segment of the axon lies dismally adjacent to the axon hillock, It is where an action potential is initiated.

Telodendria

The main axon trunk ends in a series of fine extensions, or telodendria.

Telodendria: axon terminals/synaptic terminals

The telodendria of the axon end at axon terminals or synaptic terminals, where the neuron communicates with other cells.

Denddrites

Typical dendrites are highly branched, with each brnch bearingfine 0.5 to 1 um long processes called dendritic spines. CNS neurons receive most of their information primarily at the dendritic spines.