Neutralisation

hydrochloric acid (HCI) symbol

H⁺ + Cl⁻ (same number of hydrogen ions as chloride ions)

sodium hydroxide (NaOH) symbol

Na⁺ + OH⁻ (contains sodium ions and hydroxide ions)

amines

a base found in fish which makes it smell (adding lemon neutralises amines)

neutralisation

a reaction in which an acid and a base cancel each other out

neutralisation equation

acid + base > salt + water

to neutralise an acid

add a base

to neutralise a base

add an acid

formation of water

all acids contain hydrogen ions / all soluble bases form hydroxide ions - so when an acid and a base neutralises each other water is formed

ant bites

ant injects formic acid - add a weak base (e.g. baking soda to neutralise the formic acid)

salts

different acids make different salts

neutralisation equation example

hydrochloric acid + calcium hydroxide > calcium chloride + water

hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide

when two solutions mix , the four ions also mix - the ions can combine (hydrogen ions (+) can combine with chloride (-) or hydroxide (-) → form a molecule of water (H₂O) which is neutral