NFA 201: Unit 2 SmartBook- Nutrition Information Fact or Fiction?

You see an article in a peer-reviewed journal that contains a listing of all of the authors' affiliations. This is considered a(n) _____.

disclosure

If neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of each participant's group assignment, it is considered a _____ study.

double-blind

A researcher is interested in investigating whether calcium can be absorbed as well in children with dairy allergies. To test this scientific question, the researcher should conduct a(n) _____.

experiment

Physicians _____ if they select a product based on financial gain rather than effectiveness of treatment.

face a great deal of risk

Consumers need to critically evaluate nutrition claims in popular media because _____.

freedom of speech allows people to provide information that is not true

Population studies _____ establish cause and effect relationships between two variables.

generally cannot

The difference between a double-blind study and a single-blind study is that _____.

in a double-blind study, researchers do not know who is in each group

Both single-blind and double-blind studies are types of _____.

intervention studies

Researchers often conduct experiments using _____, which are inexpensive to house in laboratories and whose food and other living conditions can be carefully controlled.

mice and rats

In a double-blind research study, _____ are aware of who is in the control/treatment groups.

neither the participants nor the researchers

After a scientific question is tested once using the scientific method, _____.

other researchers may conduct additional studies to examine the original scientific question

The expert critical analysis of a research article before it is published is known as _____.

peer review

To understand differences in chronic disease rates and causes of death across various populations, a researcher may conduct a(n) _____.

population study

In a research study, members of the treatment group _____.

receive the treatment that is being evaluated

Peer-reviewed journals usually require disclosure of researchers' affiliations and funding sources, which can allow others to judge whether _____ may have influenced the researchers.

research bias

There is a risk of _____ when a funding source could potentially gain from a particular study outcome.

research bias

Consumers __ nutrition information found in popular media such as magazines and the Internet, especially when scientific-sounding terms like "enzymatic therapy" are included.

should be skeptical of

A study in which only the researchers are aware of each participant's group assignment is known as a _____ study.

single-blind

When conducting population studies, researchers often use _____ to collect information about health- and food-related practices.

surveys

When an athlete is paid to endorse a company's product, the information in the commercial is likely to be biased in favor of the product. Such an advertisement is known as a _____.

testimonial

When people report positive or negative reactions to a treatment even though they received the placebo, this is known as _____.

the placebo effect

Which of the following are not likely to consistently be reliable sources of scientific-based nutrition information?

-Best-selling books -Infomercials -Popular magazines

Select reasons why two researchers can investigate the same question but end up with conflicting results.

-Subjects in the two studies may have different lifestyle and dietary habits -The study designs may be different -The results may be analyzed in different ways

_____ is a personal endorsement of a product for which people are usually paid for its use in an advertisement.

A testimonial

Results from a population study show that as a population's intake of herbal supplements increases, percent body fat also increases across the population. Which statement correctly describes the conclusion that can be drawn from these results?

Cause and effect between herbal supplement use and percent body fat cannot be established

Which of the following are common red flags of nutrition misinformation?

-Promises of quick and easy health remedies -Claims that sound too good to be true -Scare tactics

Select the outcomes that can occur to physicians who do not act ethically or in the best interest of their patients.

-They can lose current patients -They can lose potential patients -They can be sued for malpractice

_____ can refer to when individuals in the control group attribute health benefits to a therapy they unknowingly did not receive.

The placebo effect

A(n) _____ is a report of personal experiences.

anecdote

When researchers write an article about their study and submit it to a scientific journal, it undergoes peer review, which means that _____.

other researchers with appropriate knowledge will judge the scientific merit of the article

A _____ is provided to the control group so that it can be compared to the response of the treatment being investigated.

placebo

In an experiment, a fake treatment such as a sham pill, injection, or medical procedure is called a(n) _____.

placebo

When searching for accurate nutrition information, watching television commercials, home shopping network programs, or infomercials _____.

would not be the most reliable sources

Choose reasons why scientists will often conduct experiments using small mammals, such as rats or mice, before conducting similar research in humans.

Ethical concerns & Safety issues

The _____ enforces U.S. consumer protection laws and investigates complaints about health claims used in advertising.

Federal Trade Commission

Since the ____ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom of the press and speech, people can provide false nutrition information without repercussions.

First

Rank the following steps of the scientific method in order, beginning with the first step.

Observe, Develop a question, Test the question, Analyze the findings, Form conclusions, Share the results

What is an important consideration when making dietary recommendations?

Research on the same topic can often lead to conflicting results, so dietary recommendations should be based on the totality of the evidence.

An experiment is _____.

a way of testing a scientific question

A participant or animal who does not receive the treatment being studied is a member of the _____ group.

control

Choose the scenarios in which the funding source's reasons for wanting to fund scientific research may relate to research basis.

-A pharmaceutical company wants to fund a study investigating only the positive effects of their weight loss supplement -A pharmaceutical company wants to fund a study investigating only the positive effects of their weight loss supplement -A food industry does not want to fund a study investigating a specific food's relationship to chronic disease

Which of the following are responsibilities of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)?

-Enforcing consumer protection laws -Investigating complaints about false or misleading health claims in advertising