NFS Ch6 protein

A "limiting amino acid" is missing in the diet: Select one: a. gene expression will alter to compensate for it. b. it can be synthesized in the body if it is non-essential. c. no answer is correct. d. it is usually due to the deamination and burning of that amino acid. e. it can be replaced with another during protein synthesis.

b. it can be synthesized in the body if it is non-essential

Which of the following functions is performed by proteins in the body? Select one: a. Immunity b. Structure c. All of these functions are performed by proteins d. Transport e. None of these functions are performed by proteins

c. all of these

Food Allergies: Select one: a. are rare in infants. b. are worse the first time the offending food is eaten. c. are triggered by incompletely digested proteins. d. no answer is correct. e. cause skin symptoms only.

c. are triggered by incompletely digested proteins

the basic building blocks of proteins

amino acids

Which of the following statements is true regarding an amino acid pool? Select one: a. Only dietary protein is added to the amino acid pool. b. All types of proteins are synthesized at a constant rate. c. Structural proteins have a quick rate of turnover. d. None of these statements is true regarding an amino acid pool. e. Amino acids in the pool can be metabolized for energy.

amino acids in the pool can be metabolized for energy

Which metabolic waste product increases when amino acids are converted to other metabolic intermediates? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. Pyruvate c. Carbon dioxide. d. Ammonia e. Bilirubin

ammonia

Which of the following is most likely to result from a chronic deficiency of protein and energy? Select one: a. Marasmus b. PKU c. No answer is correct d. Gallstones e. Increased resistance to infection

marasmus

Adverse reactions including flushing, headache, rapid heartbeat, chest pain and weakness have been reported after the consumption of: Select one: a. isoflavones. b. no answer is correct. c. phenylalanine. d. dipotassium phosphate. e. monosodium glutamate.

monosodium glutamate

Which of the following terms can be used to describe a protein? Select one: a. No answer is correct b. Branched amino acid chain c. Polypeptide d. Monopeptide e. Polysaccharide

polypeptide

_______________ are at increased risk of not getting adequate vitamin B12 in their diet. Select one: a. Lacto-ovo vegetarians b. Adolescent males (pre-puberty) c. Pregnant and lactating women d. Trained athletes e. Vegan vegetarians

vegan vegetarians

Protein-energy malnutrition is characterized by: Select one: a. increased susceptibility to food allergies. b. wasting and increased susceptibility to infection. c. hyperglycemia. d. no answer is correct. e. excessive urinary output.

wasting and increased susceptibility to infection

The primary source of protein for most of the world's population is: Select one: a. grains and vegetables. b. no answer is correct. c. fruits. d. meat. e. dairy.

grains and vegetable

All of the following components are always associated with an amino acid EXCEPT: Select one: a. a side chain (functional group). b. an amino group. c. an acid group. d. a phosphate group. e. no answer is correct.

a phosphate group

How are protein needs met through complementation? Select one: a. Combining two plant proteins, rice and beans, will provide the essential amino acids needed. b. Any plant proteins can be combined to provide the essential amino acids needed. c. The body must produce the amino acids to complement the protein needed. d. A protein of animal origin must complement the plant source of protein. e. No answer is correct.

a. combining two plant proteins, rice and beans, will provide the essential AA needed

Vegan vegetarians may not get enough of which nutrient(s)? Select one: a. None of these nutrients could be low b. Vitamin B12 c. Calcium and vitamin D d. All these nutrients could be low e. Iron and zinc

all of these

Which of the following is TRUE of protein needs in athletes? Select one: a. None of these statements is correct. b. All of these statements are correct. c. Strength and endurance athletes may require 50-100 percent more protein than the RDA. d. It is unlikely that protein requirements in excess of the AMDR would be required. e. Protein supplements are not typically necessary as long as kcal needs are met.

all of these

Which structure(s) is/are involved in protein translation? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. Ribosome and tRNA c. Mitochondria d. Nucleus and nucleosome e. Plasma membrane and trans-Golgi.

b. ribosome and tRNA

Which nutrient(s) found in animal protein foods is not found in plant protein foods? Select one: a. Phytochemicals b. Saturated fat c. B vitamins d. All of these nutrients are found in plant protein foods e. None of these nutrients are found in plant protein foods

b. saturated fats

To estimate protein requirements, you must know a person's: Select one: a. body weight. b. all of these would be required. c. urinary ammonia output. d. no answer is correct. e. height.

body weight

What is a benefit of a vegetarian diet? Select one: a. It is high in calories. b. No answer is correct. c. It is low in saturated fat. d. It is low in fiber. e. It is high in iron and zinc.

c. it is low in saturated fats

Excessive intake of animal protein foods could cause: Select one: a. increased waste production overworking the liver. b. a diet to be too low in energy. c. no answer is correct. d. an increased risk of heart disease. e. excessive bone mineralization, causing brittleness.

d. an increased risk of heart disease

The enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. rearrange the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. c. are needed to denature proteins. d. break large polypeptides into smaller peptides. e. are needed to make nonessential amino acids.

d. break large polypeptides into smaller peptides

Which of the following statements is true about protein digestion? Select one: a. Denaturation of protein takes place in the small intestine. b. No answer is correct. c. Hydrochloric acid is used to convert peptides into amino acids. d. Most protein digestion takes place in the small intestine. e. Much dietary protein is lost in the feces.

d. most protein digestion takes place in the small intestine

Heating a protein causes: Select one: a. transamination. b. deamination. c. none of these. d. denaturation. e. all of these.

denaturation

A chemical score is calculated by comparing the amount of the limiting amino acid in the test protein with the amount of that amino acid in a reference protein such as: Select one: a. soy protein. b. human muscle protein. c. no answer is correct. d. wheat protein. e. egg protein.

egg protein

Isoflavones are chemically similar to the hormone: Select one: a. melatonin. b. testosterone. c. estrogen. d. cortisol. e. insulin.

estrogen

Which group has the highest protein requirement (per unit of body weight)? Select one: a. Elderly men b. no answer is correct. c. Adults who exercise regularly d. Infants e. Adult women

infants

A limiting amino acid: Select one: a. is present in short supply relative to the body's need. b. no answer is correct. c. is used to synthesize non-protein molecules that contain nitrogen. d. does not supply the element nitrogen. e. cannot be used by the body during protein synthesis.

is present in short supply relative to the body's need

The amino acid pool refers to amino acids: Select one: a. which the body is not able to make and must be supplied by the diet. b. which are soluble in bodily fluids. c. present in body tissues and fluids and that are available for protein synthesis or to generate ATP. d. which are used by the body for building muscle tissue. e. no answer is correct.

present in body tissues and fluids and that are available for protein synthesis or to generate ATP

A complete dietary protein: Select one: a. has been hydrolyzed so that digestion is not necessary. b. provides essential amino acids in the proportion needed to support protein synthesis. c. has a low biological value. d. no answer is correct. e. contains the element sulfu

provide essential AA in the proportion needed to support protein synthesis

Where does chemical digestion of protein begin? Select one: a. Small intestine b. Stomach c. Mouth d. Duodenum e. Large intestine

stomach

Which of the following is a TRUE statement? Select one: a. All of these statements are true. b. Most Americans do not consume enough protein. c. None of these statements is true. d. Protein requirements decrease during injury and illness. e. The amount of protein used by the body is estimated by calculating nitrogen losses.

the amount of protein used by the body is estimated by calculating nitrogen losses

The process of ___________ involves copying the DNA code from the gene to a molecule of mRNA. Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. translation. c. transcription. d. nuclear shuttling. e. transamination.

transcription

The waste product resulting from the deamination of a protein is: Select one: a. CO2. b. ketone bodies. c. no answer is correct. d. lactate. e. urea.

urea

Protein complementation is most important for people who are: Select one: a. consumers of both plant and animal foods. b. lacto-ovo vegetarians. c. recovering from surgery. d. vegan vegetarians. e. no answer is correct.

vegan