NFS Exam 2 Ch.6 REAL ONE other one is 3

Which of the following functions is performed by proteins in the body? a Transport b Structure c Immunity d All of these functions are performed by proteins.

All of these functions are performed by proteins.

Obtaining protein from plant foods may be advantageous because plant foods: a are typically good sources of fiber. b may contain healthy poly- and mono- unsaturated fats. c may lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. d All of these statements are correct.

All of these statements are correct.

Protein denaturation can:

alter the three-dimensional shape of a protein.

The basic building blocks of proteins are:

amino acids.

Excessive intake of animal protein foods could cause:

an increased risk of heart disease.

Individuals with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU) should limit their intake of foods containing:

aspartame

Adverse reactions including flushing, headache, rapid heartbeat, chest pain and weakness have been reported after the consumption of:

monosodium glutamate.

A(n) ______________ bond links one amino acid to the next.

peptide

Protein complementation is most important for people who are:

vegan vegetarians.

Protein-energy malnutrition is characterized by:

wasting and increased susceptibility to infection.

Why is the shape of a protein important?

It determines the protein's function.

Regular soy consumption may help:

lower blood LDL cholesterol levels.

Vegetarians have a lower risk of: a diabetes. b cardiovascular disease. c high blood pressure. d All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.

Gene expression and protein synthesis involve: a messenger RNA. b transcription c translation. d All of these choices.

All of these choices.

The AMDR for protein intake is ______________% of energy intake.

10-35

Of ______________ amino acids commonly found in food proteins, ______________ are dispensible.

20; 11

In the US, most dietary protein comes from:

: animal sources.

Which statement about amino acid absorption is FALSE? a Absorption of larger polypeptides occurs commonly in healthy adults. b Groups of similar amino acids share the same transport system. c If one amino acid is supplemented, it can slow the absorption of other amino acids. d Dipeptides and tripeptides are broken down to individual amino acids before leaving the mucosal cells of the small intestine.

Absorption of larger polypeptides occurs commonly in healthy adults.

Proteins regulate which of the following body processes? a Acid-base balance b Fluid balance c Muscle contraction d All of these are correct

All of these are correct

Protein requirements are in part based on a person's: a body weight. b age. c health status. d All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.

hich of the following is TRUE of protein needs in athletes? a Strength and endurance athletes may require 50-100% more protein than the RDA. b Protein supplements are not typically necessary as long as kcal needs are met. c It is unlikely that protein requirements in excess of the AMDR would be required. d All of these statements are correct.

All of these statements are correct.

Vegan vegetarians may not get enough of which nutrient(s)? a Iron and zinc b Vitamin B 12 c Calcium and vitamin D d All these nutrients could be low

All these nutrients could be low

Which metabolic waste product increases when amino acids are converted to other metabolic intermediates?

Ammonia

What is true about the protein in the modern American diet?

Approximately 2/3 of the dietary protein comes from meat.

______________ are units of matter that cannot be further broken down by chemical means.

Atoms

Which of the following is a physical characteristic associated with Kwashiorkor?

Bloated abdomen

How are protein needs met through complementation?

Combining two plant proteins, rice and beans, will provide the essential amino acids needed.

How are protein needs determined?

Compare nitrogen consumed with the amount excreted by the body.

The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by

DNA found in the nucleus of cells.

Complete protein sources can be found in which MyPyramid food group?

Dairy

Which nutrient is found in plant protein foods but not in animal protein foods?

Fiber

What is role of genes in synthesizing protein?

Genes provide the code to synthesize proteins.

Which group has the highest protein requirement (per unit of body weight)?

Infants

What is true about protein-energy malnutrition? a It is characterized by wasting and susceptibility to infection. b It results from adequate protein but insufficient carbohydrate intake. c It results from the breakdown of body fat. d It occurs most often in breast-fed infants.

It is characterized by wasting and susceptibility to infection.

What is a benefit of a vegetarian diet?

It is low in saturated fat.

Which of the following is most likely to result from a chronic deficiency of protein and energy?

Marasmus

How does protein quality affect needs?

More plant protein is needed to supply enough of all the essential amino acids.

Which statement about dietary protein sources is FALSE? a Animal products are the most highly concentrated sources of protein. b Plant sources of protein are typically rich in fiber and phytochemicals. c Legumes provide about as much protein per ½ cup serving as a cup of milk. d Most people in the U.S. need protein supplements to meet dietary requirements.

Most people in the U.S. need protein supplements to meet dietary requirements.

Which of the following statements is true about protein digestion? a Denaturation of protein takes place in the small intestine. b Hydrochloric acid is used to convert peptides into amino acids. c Much dietary protein is lost in the feces. d Most protein digestion takes place in the small intestine.

Most protein digestion takes place in the small intestine.

Which of the following terms can be used to describe a protein?

Polypeptide

Which structure(s) is/are involved in protein translation?

Ribosome and tRNA

Which nutrient(s) found in animal protein foods is not found in plant protein foods?

Saturated fat

Which of the following is the best dietary source of isoflavones?

Soy products

Where does chemical digestion of protein begin?

Stomach NOT MOUTH

Which of the following is a TRUE statement? a Protein requirements decrease during injury and illness. b Most Americans do not consume enough protein. c The amount of protein used by the body is estimated by calculating nitrogen losses. d All of these statements are true.

The amount of protein used by the body is estimated by calculating nitrogen losses.

Why must some amino acids be consumed in the diet?

They cannot be synthesized by the body.

What is true about the functions of proteins in the body?

They transport substances throughout the body.

______________ are at increased risk of not getting adequate vitamin B12 in their diet.

Vegan vegetarians

All of the following components are always associated with an amino acid EXCEPT: a an amino group. b an acid group. c a phosphate group. d a side chain (functional group).

a phosphate group.

Hemoglobin is an example of:

a transport protein.

A measure of protein quality determined by comparing the amount of nitrogen retained in the body with the amount absorbed from the diet is called the:

biological value.

To estimate protein requirements, you must know a person's:

body weight

The enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin:

break large polypeptides into smaller peptides.

The synthesis of glucose from certain amino acids involves:

deamination.

Protein complementation is a technique which:

combines proteins from different sources so that essential amino acids requirements are met.

Protein differs from carbohydrate and lipid in that protein:

contains the element nitrogen

Heating a protein causes:

denaturation.

A chemical score is calculated by comparing the amount of the limiting amino acid in the test protein with the amount of that amino acid in a reference protein such as:

egg protein.

Amino acids in the pool can be metabolized for ____.

energy

Amino acids that cannot be made by the adult human body are termed:

essential.

Isoflavones are chemically similar to the hormone:

estrogen.

If the shape of a protein is altered due to a genetic mutation, the ______________ of the protein may be affected.

functionality

Protein quality is determined by:

how efficiently a protein in the diet can be used to make body proteins.

Positive nitrogen balance can occur:

in a rapidly growing child.

Food Allergies are triggered by _____________ __________________ _________________.

incompletely digested proteins.

An antibody:

is a type of protein that helps protect the body from foreign substances.

Food allergies can result when a protein in the diet:

is absorbed without being completely digested.

A limiting amino acid:

is present in short supply relative to the body's need.

If a "limiting amino acid" is missing in the diet:

it can be synthesized in the body if it is non-essential.

The amino acid pool refers to amino acids:

present in body tissues and fluids and that are available for protein synthesis or to generate ATP.

A complete dietary protein:

provides essential amino acids in the proportion needed to support protein synthesis.

The three-dimensional shape of a protein is determined by the:

sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

Kwashiorkor is best characterized by:

severe protein deficiency in young children.

Food allergies involve an interaction between a dietary protein and:

the immune system.

Transamination refers to:

the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a carbon-containing molecule to form a nonessential amino acid.

The process of ______________ involves copying the DNA code from the gene to a molecule of mRNA.

transcription.

The waste product resulting from the deamination of a protein is:

urea.

A pattern of food intake that eliminates all animal products is called:

vegan vegetarian.