NHM ch 5

T/F Coconut oil contains mostly saturated fatty acids

true

What blood lipid is linked most directly to heart disease?

LDL cholesterol

A desirable blood lipid profile would include a(n) _____.

LDL cholesterol of <100 mg/dL

What happens to the bile that is reabsorbed by the small intestine?

The bile is recycled via the liver to the gallbladder.

Looking at the information he gathered, what should be notice about the foods and cholesterol? a. Foods that have no trans fats typically have higher levels of cholesterol. b. Cholesterol is only found in animal-based foods. c. Plant-based cholesterols are actually more dangerous than animal-based cholesterols. d. High cholesterol foods also have higher protein contents. e. The higher the cholesterol, the higher the total calories.

b. Cholesterol is only found in animal-based foods.

Even though eggs are a significant source of cholesterol, why might eggs still be a good choice for him? a. A whole egg has more total fat than a serving of peanut butter. b. Eggs are a good source of protein. c. Eggs are very high in calories. d. Eggs have more saturated fat than even the "lite" cheese. e. Eggs have the lowest trans fat content of all protein sources.

b. Eggs are a good source of protein.

When a fatty acid is described as being saturated, it means that it _____.

contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms

Given everything presented in the video and the manner in which was presented, what would be the best way to use coconut oil?

d. Incorporating it in moderation into recipes you enjoy eating, only if you have no allergies

Lipids are a large group of substances that are _____________ in water. Many types of lipids with different structures and properties exist both in the body and in food.

insoluble

olive oil type of fat?

monounsaturated fat

The position of the double bond closest to the methyl (CH3) end of a fatty acid is described by a(n) _____ number.

omega

What members of the lipid family are soluble in both water and fat?

phospholipids

type of lipid Lipids that are manufactured by the body and can act as emulsifiers in food

phospholipids

Which fatty acid contains its first double bond on the sixth omega carbon? Check all that apply. Polyunsaturated fatty acid Omega-12 fatty acids Omega-6 fatty acid Omega-3 fatty acid

polyunsaturated omega 3

corn oil type of fat?

polyunsaturated fat

The traditional Mediterranean diet emphasizes all of the following foods EXCEPT:

red meats

butter type of fat?

saturated fat

Dietary ___________ and/or ____________ can increase blood LDL concentrations.

saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids

Which of the following fish should be avoided because of high mercury content?

swordfish and tilefish

Omega 3 fatty acids: Are synthesized in the liver Are a form of saturated fatty acids Contain a double bond at the sixth omega carbon Help to regulate inflammatory processes

Help to regulate inflammatory processes

Choose all of the essential fatty acids. Check all that apply. Omega-6 fatty acid Omega-9 fatty acid Omega-12 fatty acids Omega-3 fatty acid

Omega 6 and omega 3

T/F A conditionally essential nutrient is one that is never supplied by the body in sufficient quantities and must always be supplemented in the diet.

false

T/F Both the narrator of the video and the text in the video state that, "Coconut oil has been shown to increase calories burned over 24 hours by as much as 5%." True or false? This statement is supported by research cited in the video and/or in the video's description.

false

T/F Cod, grouper, and tuna have the highest concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids of any seafood.

false

T/F Eggs and tofu are considered to be very lean food options with respect to fat content.

false

type of fat Known as alpha-linolenic acid

omega 3

type of fat Known to exert strong anti-inflammatory properties in the human body

omega 3

type of fat? Consumed in smaller quantities in the human diet

omega 3

type of fat? Includes the acids DHA and EPA

omega 3

type of fat? Higher ratio in avocado and soyabean oil

omega 6

type of fat? Known as linoleic acid

omega 6

butter chemical structure?

B

Saturated fats have a __________ potential for spoiling when exposed to oxygen or heated and unsaturated fats have a _________ potential for spoiling when exposed to oxygen or heated due to their chemical structure.

low high

type of fat? Main food sources include green leafy vegetables and some fatty fish

omega 3

Which fatty acid contains its first double bond on the third omega carbon? Check all that apply. Omega-3 fatty acid Omega-6 fatty acid Omega-15 fatty acid Polyunsaturated fatty acid

omega 3 omega 15

type of fat Main food sources include vegetable and safflower oil

omega 6

type of fat? Generally consumed in excess in the human diet

omega 6

type of lipid Lipids that have both a hydrophobic end and a hydrophilic end

phospholipids

type of lipid Lipids that are not essential in the diet but are used in the structure of every cell membrane

sterols

The use of trans fatty acids in a food product indicates _____.

the presence of hydrogenated fats

When food is consumed, any excess energy is stored in the _____.

adipose cells

corn oil chemical structure?

A

olive oil chemical structure?

C

What is the primary role of triglycerides?

They provide the cells with energy.

What are key factors to look for when deciphering credible sources from non-credible sources? a. Creator's full name and qualifications b. Citations to back all statements presented c. Exact recommendations on how to use the information presented d. Recommendations to consult with a health care professional e. All of the above

all of the above

Which of the foods has the highest unsaturated fat content per serving? a. eggs b. deli roast beef c. peanut butter d. pepperoni e. salmon

c. peanut butter

Which lipoprotein picks up cholesterol from your arteries and other places in the body and returns it back to the liver for further metabolism? a.phospholipid b.LDL (low-density lipoprotein) c.HDL (high-density lipoprotein) d.chylomicron e.VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein)

c.HDL (high-density lipoprotein)

What is the relationship between fat content and calories in Tom's food selections? a. Calorie content increases as total fat content decreases. b. Calorie content is unrelated to total fat content. c. Calorie content increases as fat content increases for animal but not plant proteins. d. Calorie content is related to saturated but not unsaturated fat content. e. Calorie content increases as fat content increases, regardless of the protein source

e. Calorie content increases as fat content increases, regardless of the protein source

Which food is lowest in saturated fat? a. eggs b. lite Havarti cheese c. peanut butter d. pepperoni e. salmon

e. salmon

Which of the foods has the lowest unsaturated fat content per serving? a. eggs b. deli roast beef c. peanut butter d. pepperoni e. salmon

e. salmon

Which of the foods would have the highest omega-3 polyunsaturated fat content per serving? a. eggs b. lite Havarti cheese c. peanut butter d. pepperoni e. salmon

e. salmon

Which lipoprotein transports dietary fat to the cells in your body? a.HDL (high-density lipoprotein) b.VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) c.LDL (low-density lipoprotein) d.phospholipid e.chylomicron

e.chylomicron

The video is just under 3 minutes in length. The narrator spends the first minute speaking about his company, products and services, and the last 30 seconds doing the same. That information consumes 50 percent of the video. What type of video would you consider this?

promotional

type of lipid Lipids made up of rigid carbon rings with no fatty acid tails

sterols

type of lipid Lipids synthesized in the liver and used to make several important hormones

sterols

He defines the role of fat with this statement: "All fat is essentially stored energy for your body to use later on." Given what you know about fat, is this statement true or false?

true

T/F Avocados and olives naturally contain unsaturated fats and do not contribute to heart disease.

true

The function of bile in fat digestion is to:

emulsify fats into smaller particles

He follows that up by saying, "And the faster your body does this, the less likely you are to store what you've consumed as fat." True or false? This is an accurate statement.

false

T/F Fatty acids contain between 5 to 25 odd numbers of carbons.

false

T/F Lipoproteins are dangerous clusters of lipids associated with blocking the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

false

T/F Phospholipids act by keeping fats and water-soluble nutrients separated in the blood and body fluids.

false

T/F Replacing unsaturated fats with saturated fats reduces LDL cholesterol and lowers the risk of heart disease.

false

T/F Two adipokines, resistin and adiponectin, work together to help the body avoid obesity.

false

Fatty acids vary in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of _______.

double bonds

If a fat source is counted towards an individual's discretionary calories, what does this mean?

This fat source is high in saturated fat and its intake should be limited.

The participants who replaced saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats had a significantly lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and respiratory disease, compared with those who maintained high intakes of saturated fat. a. True b. False

a. True

Hu and colleagues reported the results of a study in which 126,233 participants were asked about their diet, lifestyle, and health at 2-4 year intervals for up to 32 years. The design of this research study would be classified as a(n): a. epidemiological cohort study b. epidemiological cross-sectional study c. human intervention trial d. case control study

a. epidemiological cohort study

High intakes of which types of fats were associated with the highest chance of premature death during the study period? a. saturated b. trans c. polyunsaturated d. monosaturated

b. trans

Which food is highest in saturated fat? a. eggs b. lite Havarti cheese c. peanut butter d. pepperoni e. salmon

d. pepperoni

Which lipoprotein carries cholesterol to the cells in your body, but can get stuck in arteries while traveling in the blood, depositing cholesterol that eventually leads to plaque formation? a.VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) b.HDL (high-density lipoprotein) c.chylomicron d.LDL (low-density lipoprotein) e.phospholipid

d.LDL (low-density lipoprotein)

type of lipid Lipids that comprise about 95% of the fat you eat

triglycerides

type of lipid Lipids that contain a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid tails

triglycerides

T/F A saturated fatty acid carries the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.

true

T/F Endogenous cholesterol is produced in the body.

true

T/F Food products made with solid fats often provide lot of energy, but supply few essential nutrients.

true

T/F In terms of nutrition, the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important forms of polyunsaturated fats.

true

T/F Most digestion of fat takes place in the small intestine.

true

True or False? The gentleman in the video states, "Metabolism is essentially your body taking what you've eaten, breaking it down and converting it to energy." This a correct, yet simplified explanation of metabolism.

true