[NI] LESSON 3: CONCEPTS OF NURSING INFORMATICS
enhancing patient safety and quality of life
Accuracy, currency, and relevance of health information directly impact the effectiveness and safety of clinical interventions and decision-making processes.
SYSTEMS THEORY (CGR)
Complexity Theory General Systems Theory Resilience Engineering Theory
TOOLS AND STRATEGIES FOR HEALTH INFORMATION EVALUATION
Critical appraisal tools Evaluation criteria specific to nursing informatics Peer review process and evidence-based practice guidelines
CRAAP test
Currency Relevance Authority Accuracy Purpose
IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH INFORMATION EVALUATION (FEE)
Facilitating evidence-based practice Ensuring reliability and credibility of health information Enhancing patient safety and quality of care
ensuring reliability and credibility of health information
Health information evaluation is crucial for nursing informatics professionals to distinguish trustworthy and evidence-based information from misleading or inaccurate content.
HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION THEORIES (PUT)
Persuasive Technology Theory User-Centered Design Theory Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
data analytics
process of examining large sets of health data to identify patterns, trends, and insights. Example: A healthcare organization uses data analytics to identify populations at high risk for a particular disease and develop targeted prevention strategies
7-Stage Adoption Model
evaluates the maturity and implementation level of EHRs in healthcare organizations can use this model to assess the quality and effectiveness of EHR systems in their practice setting
health informatics literacy terms
refer to the essential concepts, terminologies, and skills that individuals need to understand and navigate the field of health informatics
evaluate the currency and accuracy
Health information evolves rapidly, so it is essential to evaluate the currency and accuracy of the information being evaluated. Nursing informatics professionals need to ensure that the information is up-to-date and supported by reliable data sources nursing informatics professionals can ensure that they are relying on the most current and valid information available.
limited time and resources for evaluation
Nurses often face time constraints due to their demanding schedules and multiple responsibilities. Thoroughly evaluating health information requires time and effort, which may place an additional burden on nursing informatics professionals.
consider objectivity and bias
Nursing informatics professionals must critically evaluate the objectivity and potential bias in the information being evaluated assess whether the information is free from undue influence, conflicts of interest, or commercial bias.
CHALLENGES AND ISSUES IN HEALTH INFORMATION EVALUATION (3)
Proliferation of misinformation and fake news Limited time and resources for evaluation Lack of standardization in health information evaluation criteria
KEY STEPS IN HEALTH INFORMATION EVALUATION (5)
STEP 1 Identify the information source STEP 2 Assess the authority of the source STEP 3 Evaluate the currency and accuracy STEP 4 consider the objectivity and bias STEP 5 Analyze the relevance and applicability to nursing informatics
NURSING THEORIES (SAT)
Self Care Theory Adaptation Model of Nursing Technology Competency Theory
INFORMATION SCIENCE THEORIES (STS)
Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication Theory of Cognitive Load Social Cognitive Theory
DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION THEORY (SID)
Social Network Theory Implementation Science Theory Diffusion of Innovation Theory
lack of standardization in health information evaluation criteria
There is a lack of standardization in health information evaluation criteria across different sources and platforms. Criteria for determining the authority, accuracy, objectivity, and relevance of health information may vary, making it challenging for nursing informatics professionals to have consistent evaluation processes.
evidence-based practice
a cornerstone of nursing informatics, and health information evaluation plays a vital role in this process. Nurses must be able to assess the quality and relevance of research studies, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines to inform their decision-making and practices.
electronic health record (EHR)
a digital version of a patient's medical history, including diagnoses, treatment plans, lab results, and medications provides a comprehensive and longitudinal view of a patient's health information Example: A nurse reviewing a patient's EHR can access information about past medical conditions, allergies, and medications, allowing them to make well-informed clinical decisions
health information evaluation
a fundamental process in the field of nursing informatics because it equips professionals with the ability to discern trustworthy sources of information and make informed decisions based on credible evidence.
personal health record (PHR)
a health record that is managed and controlled by the individual patient, allowing them to access and update their health information. Health informatics literacy includes understanding the benefits and potential risks of PHRs, as well as the importance of privacy and data security. Example: An individual maintains a PHR app on their smartphone, enabling them to track their medications, allergies, and health conditions, and share the information with healthcare providers as needed
clinical informatics
a specialized field that integrates healthcare, information technology, and data science to improve health outcomes and enhance clinical decision-making. Health informatics literacy includes understanding the roles and responsibilities of clinical informaticians and the application of informatics principles to healthcare practice. Example: A clinical informatician works with healthcare teams to design and implement clinical decision support systems that provide evidencebased guidelines to clinicians at the point of care.
interoperability
ability of different healthcare systems and devices to exchange and interpret data accurately Example: A laboratory system can seamlessly integrate test results into an electronic health record system, allowing a healthcare provider to access the information without manual data entry
health data standards
agreed-upon formats and structures that ensure consistent and meaningful recording, exchange, and interpretation of health information. Health informatics literacy includes knowledge of standards like HL7, DICOM, or CDA, and their role in promoting interoperability and data integration. Example: Health records from multiple healthcare facilities can be exchanged seamlessly using standardized formats like HL7's Clinical Document Architecture (CDA), enabling comprehensive information sharing for better coordinated care
picture archiving communication systems
allow healthcare providers to store and access medical imaging scans digitally, improving efficiency and accessibility for diagnostic purposes
health information evaluation
an essential skill for nursing informatics professionals, as it enables them to critically evaluate, assess, and utilize health information effectively
health literacy
an individual's ability to access, understand, and use health information to make informed decisions about their health. Health informatics literacy encompasses the recognition of health literacy as a crucial aspect of effective health communication and the design of user-friendly health IT systems. Example: A healthcare provider presents medical information to a patient in plain language, avoiding jargon, and using visual aids to facilitate better comprehension and shared decision-making
adaptation model of nursing
by Sister Callista Roy focuses on individuals' adaptive responses to environmental stimuli and highlights the role of nursing in promoting and facilitating adaptation can be applied to the integration of technology into nursing practice. Importance in Practice: Utilizing the adaptation model of nursing helps nurses assess and understand how individuals, including both nurses and patients, adapt to using technology. It enables nurses to provide support, education, and interventions to promote successful technology adoption and utilization
health informatics literacy terms
contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the field, offering insights into data analysis, information governance, workflow optimization, and standardization, among other aspects of health informatics
telehealth
delivery of healthcare services remotely using digital communication tools such as video conferencing or mobile applications Example: A patient living in a remote area consults with a specialist via video conference, allowing them to receive expert medical advice without needing to travel long distances.
identify the information source
determine the origin of the information and differentiate between reputable sources and less reliable ones. This step involves assessing whether the source is reputable, evidence-based, and aligns with nursing informatics principles
HIMSS Healthcare Information & Management Systems Society
developed a 7-stage adoption model
self care theory
developed by Dorothea Orem, emphasizes individuals' ability to perform self-care activities to promote health and well-being can be applied to the use of health IT tools to support patient self-monitoring and self-management. Importance in Practice: Integrating self-care theory into nursing informatics helps nurses empower patients to utilize health IT resources for self-monitoring, education, and promoting active engagement in their care
usability and user experience (UX)
ease of use and overall satisfaction users experience when interacting with health IT systems or digital health tools. Health informatics literacy includes awareness of usability principles and the importance of designing systems that optimize user experience. Example: A user-friendly digital health app with intuitive navigation and clear instructions enables patients to easily access and understand their health data, fostering a positive user experience.
user centered design theory
emphasizes involving end-users in the design and development process to create technology that meets their specific needs and goals. promotes constant user feedback and iterative design. Importance in Practice: Applying user-centered design theory can lead to the development of health IT systems that align with nurses' workflows, improve efficiency, and enhance satisfaction, ultimately resulting in better patient care outcomes.
technology competency theory
emphasizes the importance of nurses acquiring and maintaining competence in using health IT. encompasses knowledge, critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and technical skills required for using technology in nursing practice Importance in Practice: Technology Competency Theory highlights the need for nurses to possess digital literacy skills and competency in health IT, ensuring their ability to utilize technology effectively and provide safe and competent care.
health information technology
encompasses the hardware and software systems used to manage, store, and exchange health information. Example: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS)
assess the authority of the source
evaluate the authority and expertise of the authors or organizations presenting the information This step involves checking the credentials, qualifications, and affiliations of the authors or organizations to determine their credibility.
implementation science theory
examines the factors that influence the successful adoption and integration of innovations into practice considers organizational, individual, and contextual factors and provides strategies for effective implementation. Importance in Practice: Understanding implementation science theory assists nurses in planning and executing successful health IT implementations. It guides the identification of barriers, facilitators, and strategies for implementation, ultimately promoting the successful adoption of health IT tools
social network theory
examines the influence of social relationships and networks on the diffusion of innovations emphasizes the importance of communication, social interactions, and opinion leaders within a social system. Importance in Practice: Knowledge of social network theory can assist nurses in leveraging social relationships and influential individuals to facilitate the adoption and diffusion of health IT initiatives, allowing for a more widespread implementation and acceptance.
diffusion of innovation theory
explores how ideas, innovations, or new technologies are adopted and spread within a social system identifies various adopter groups and factors influencing the adoption process. Importance in Practice: Understanding this theory enables nurses to effectively implement and integrate new technologies or innovations into practice, identifying early and late adopters, and addressing barriers to acceptance and adoption.
social cognitive theory
explores how individuals learn and acquire new behaviors through observation, imitation, and the influence of social factors can be applied to understanding how healthcare professionals adopt and utilize health IT tools based on observational learning and social influences. Importance in Practice: Social cognitive theory highlights the importance of modeling and social support in health IT adoption and proficiency, helping nurses facilitate learning and encourage the effective use of technology among their peers
theory of cognitive load
explores how the human cognitive system processes and manages information helps design interfaces and systems that minimize cognitive load, enhance usability, and improve information processing for healthcare providers. Importance in Practice: Understanding cognitive load theory can aid in the development of user-friendly health IT interfaces, reducing mental strain on nurses and promoting efficient information retrieval and decision-making
technology acceptance model (TAM)
explores the factors influencing an individual's intention to use a new technology. considers perceived usefulness and ease of use as key determinants of acceptance. Importance in Practice: Knowledge of HCI theories like TAM helps nurses design and implement user-friendly health IT systems, consider usability factors, and promote technology acceptance among healthcare providers
identifying the source of information
first step in health information evaluation
complexity theory
focuses on the understanding of complex adaptive systems and how they function emphasizes the interconnectedness, dynamics, and emergence of behaviors in complex systems such as healthcare organizations. Importance in Practice: Applying complexity theory allows nurses to recognize and adapt to the dynamic nature of healthcare systems, enabling responsive and flexible approaches to care delivery and system improvement
persuasive technology theory
focuses on understanding how technology can be designed to influence human attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors explores the use of technology to motivate and encourage individuals to adopt positive health behaviors. Importance in Practice: Applying persuasive technology theory helps nurses design health IT interventions that promote patient engagement, behavior change, and self-management. It supports the utilization of persuasive strategies to enhance health outcomes and patient empowerment.
resilience engineering theory
focuses on understanding how to design and operate systems that can effectively adapt to unexpected events and failures emphasizes the importance of identifying and managing risks, building redundancy, and promoting adaptive capacity within healthcare systems. Importance in Practice: Applying resilience engineering theory helps nurses and healthcare organizations proactively identify and mitigate potential risks in health IT systems, enhancing system reliability and patient safety
health informatics literacy terms
form the foundation of health informatics literacy, enabling healthcare professionals and individuals to effectively navigate and leverage health IT systems for improved healthcare delivery
CRAAP test
helps nursing informatics professionals systematically assess the reliability and credibility of information sources. can evaluate the currency of the information by examining the publication date and verifying if recent updates or revisions have been made can also assess the authority of the source by exploring the qualifications and expertise of the authors assist nursing informatics professionals in conducting thorough evaluations of health information to make informed decisions.
health information evaluation
plays a crucial role in facilitating evidence-based practice
shannon-weaver model of communication
highlights the process of information transmission and provides a framework for understanding communication in healthcare settings emphasizes the importance of effective information exchange and the potential barriers that can impact communication. Importance in Practice: Understanding communication theories helps nurses utilize technology and information systems to improve communication with patients and healthcare teams, leading to better care coordination and patient outcomes
clinical decision support system (CDSS)
interactive computer systems that provide healthcare professionals with evidence-based recommendations and alerts to support clinical decision-making. Example: A CDSS alerts a physician when prescribing a medication that may have potential interactions with the patient's existing medications, helping to prevent adverse drug events.
clinical workflow analysis
involves studying and optimizing the sequence of clinical tasks and interactions within a healthcare setting. Health informatics literacy encompasses an understanding of workflow analysis techniques and their application to improve efficiency and patient outcomes. Example: A healthcare facility undertakes a workflow analysis to streamline the process of medication administration, identifying bottlenecks and implementing technology-based solutions to reduce errors and enhance medication safety
telemedicine
involves the delivery of healthcare services remotely using telecommunication technologies, enabling patients and healthcare providers to connect virtually Health informatics literacy includes understanding the advantages, limitations, and regulations associated with telemedicine. Example: A patient consults with a healthcare specialist through a video call, reducing the need for travel and improving access to care, especially in remote or underserved areas
health information governance
involves the development and implementation of policies, procedures, and standards to ensure the quality, accessibility, and security of health information. Health informatics literacy includes knowledge of health information governance principles and practices. Example: An organization establishes a committee to oversee health information governance, ensuring compliance with privacy regulations, managing data stewardship, and promoting data quality initiatives
analyze the relevance and applicability to nursing informatics
nursing informatics professionals need to analyze the relevance and applicability of the information to their specific practice setting and nursing informatics domain consider whether the information aligns with nursing informatics principles, standards, and best practices.
proliferation of misinformation and fake news
one significant challenge in health information evaluation Social media platforms and online sources can disseminate misleading or inaccurate health information, potentially misleading both healthcare professionals and the general public
health information system
overall infrastructure and processes used to manage health information within an organization. Health informatics literacy involves understanding the components of a HIS, such as electronic medical records, health information management systems, and decision support tools. Example: A hospital implements an HIS that integrates various systems like EHR, laboratory information system, and pharmacy system for seamless information flow and efficient patient management
health information exchange (HIE)
refers to the electronic sharing of health-related information among different healthcare organizations enables the secure exchange of patient data, promoting coordinated care and reducing redundancy or errors. Example: An emergency room physician accesses a patient's medical records from a different healthcare facility through a health information exchange to gather critical information that can guide their treatment decisions.
evidence-based practice guidelines
serve as valuable resources for nursing informatics professionals these guidelines are developed through rigorous research synthesis, consensus, and expert review. allows nursing informatics professionals to access recommendations and best practices, ensuring that their decision-making is informed by the latest research and effective interventions.
peer review process
significant mechanism for ensuring the credibility and quality of health information
artificial intelligence in healthcare
simulation of human intelligence in machines to perform tasks and make decisions. In healthcare, AI can assist in diagnosis, treatment planning, and personalized medicine. Health informatics literacy involves understanding the potential benefits, limitations, and ethical considerations of AI in healthcare. Example: AI algorithms analyze medical images to detect early signs of diseases like cancer or help predict patient outcomes based on clinical data patterns
clinical terminology
standardized systems and vocabularies used to encode and exchange clinical information accurately. Health informatics literacy includes knowledge of clinical terminologies such as SNOMED CT, LOINC, and ICD-10, and their role in improving interoperability and data exchange. Example: A clinician uses the SNOMED CT coding system to document a patient's diagnosis consistently, ensuring accurate communication of clinical information across different healthcare systems
data governance
the management and protection of data assets, including policies, processes, and procedures for data collection, storage, sharing, and usage. Health informatics literacy includes knowledge of data governance frameworks to ensure data quality, privacy, and compliance. Example: An organization establishes guidelines and protocols on data access, data sharing agreements, and data retention to ensure ethical and secure handling of patient health information.
evaluation criteria specific to nursing informatics
to assess health information more comprehensively may focus on the unique aspects of nursing informatics, such as data interoperability, electronic health records (EHRs), nursing terminology standards, or ethical considerations in informatics practice
peer reviewed articles
undergo rigorous evaluation by experts in the field before publication, ensuring that they meet scholarly standards and adhere to scientific methodology. to access high-quality research and evidence-based information nurses can be confident in the reliability of the information they utilize for decisions in their practice
health information privacy and security
understanding the legal and ethical principles that safeguard patient privacy and secure health information. includes knowledge of laws like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and best practices for ensuring data confidentiality. Example: A healthcare professional properly secures patient information within an electronic health record system, using strong passwords, encryption, and access controls to protect patient privacy.
critical appraisal tools
valuable aids in evaluating the quality and relevance of health information provide structured frameworks and criteria for assessing different aspects of information, such as currency, authority, accuracy, and objectivity
general systems theory
views organizations and healthcare systems as complex entities made up of interrelated components emphasizes the importance of understanding the interactions and relationships within a system to bring about effective change. Importance in Practice: Applying systems theory helps nurses analyze the various components and relationships within healthcare systems, guiding them in making informed decisions to improve workflow, patient safety, and quality of care