NR599- Nursing Informatics

Alarm Fatigue

Multiple false alarms by smart technology that cause workers to ignore or respond slowly to them.

Clinical Decision Support System (DSS)

Organizes and analyzes information to help decision makers formulate decisions when they are unsure of their decision's possible outcomes. After gathering relevant and useful information, develops "what if" models to analyze the options of choices and alternatives.

Data:

Raw facts that lack meaning

Information Literacy

Recognizing when information is needed and having the ability to locate, evaluate, and effectively use the needed information. An intellectual framework for finding, understanding, evaluating, and using information.

Reproducibility (Reproducible information)

Refers to the ability to produce the same information again.

Utility:

Refers to the ability to provide the right information at the right time to the right person for the right purpose.

Transparency: (Transparent information)

Allows users to apply their intellect to accomplish their tasks while the tools housing the information disappear into the background.

There are multiple benefits associated with ST adoption and use that include improved communication, data-reuse, and improved processes and patient outcomes.

What are the benefits of ST:

1. Clinical documentation systems 2. Pharmacy information systems 3. Laboratory information systems 4. Radiology information systems

What are the four types of systems most commonly found in healthcare organizations that encompass patient care information system (PCIS)?

What is the foundation of the art of nursing?

Wisdom

Informatics competencies

__________________________ are essential in a healthcare delivery system that is not only heavily dependent upon Health Information Technology (HIT), but attempting to use it as a means to transform healthcare delivery.

Standardized terminologies (STs)

________________________________ are structured, controlled languages developed to represent concepts in a given domain in a clear, unambiguous fashion.

Computer Science

Branch of engineering (application of science) that studies the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implantation and application in computer systems. The study of storage/memory, conversion and transformation, and transfer or transmission of information in machines- that is, computers- through both algorithms and practical implementation problems. Algorithms are detailed, unambiguous action sequences in the design, efficiency, and application of computer systems, whereas practical implementation problems deal with the software and hardware.

Data set:

Collections of interrelated data

Reliable Information:

Comes from reliable or clean data gathered from authoritative and credible sources.

Electronic health records (EHR/ EMR):

Computer-based data warehouses or repositories of information regarding the health status of a client, which are replacing the former paper-based medical records; they are the systematic documentation of a client's health status and health care in a secured digital format, meaning that they can be processed, stored, transmitted, and accessed by authorized interdisciplinary professionals for the purpose of supporting efficient, high-quality health care across the client's healthcare continuum.

Complete information

Contains all of the necessary essential data. If the healthcare provider needs to contact the only relative lister for the patient and his or her contact information is listed but the approval for that person to be a contact is missing, this information is considered incomplete.

Standard terminologies (ST)

Contribute to the development of knowledge because they ensure that all professionals share the same understanding or meaning of a given concept, to clarify communication, facilitate research, and provide structure for decision support tools and EHRs. These support knowledge acquisition, dissemination, generation, and processing. These are structured, controlled languages developed to represent concepts in a given domain in a clear, unambiguous fashion that conveys the exact same meaning for data, information, and knowledge across settings, regions, and even different countries. These are key to the development of an EHR in order to represent, communicate, exchange, reuse, and report data, information, and knowledge, including Meaningful Use criteria.

Characteristics of valuable, quality information

Accessibility, security, timeliness, accuracy, relevancy, completeness, flexibility, reliability, objectivity, utility, transparency, verifiability, and reproducibility. These are all characteristics of what?

Standard Nursing Terminology (ST)s:

A body of terms used in nursing that is in some ways approved by an appropriate authority or by general consent.

Clinical decision support system (CDS/CDSS):

A computer-based program designed to assist clinicians in making clinical decisions by filtering or integrating vast amounts of information and providing suggestions for clinical intervention.

Clinical decision support (CDS)

A computer-based program designed to assist clinicians in making clinical decisions by filtering or integrating vast amounts of information and providing suggestions for clinical intervention. May also be called (CDSS)

Nursing informatics competencies

A set of essential skills related to informatics deemed appropriate for various levels of nursing practice.

Nursing informatics (NI) Traditional definition:

A specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice.

Health Information Technology (HIT):

Hardware, software, integrated technologies or related licenses, intellectual property, upgrades, or packaged solutions sold as services that are designed for or support the use by healthcare entities or patients for the electronic creation, maintenance, access, or exchange of health information.

Cognitive Science

Interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligent, and behavior from an information processing perspective.

Relevant information

Is a subjective descriptor, in that the user must have information that is relevant or applicable to his or her needs. If a healthcare provider is trying to decide whether a patient needs insulin and only the patient's CT scan information is available, this information is not relevant for that current needs. However, if one needed information about the CT scan, it would be relevant.

Objective information:

Is as close to the truth as one can get; it is not subjective or tainted by his or her own perspective.

What are the differences between wisdom and knowledge:

Knowledge abounds with others' thoughts and information, whereas wisdom is focused on one's own mind and the synthesis of experience, insight, understanding, and knowledge.

Wisdom

Knowledge applied in a practical way or translated into actions; the use of knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight so as to exercise sound judgment in practical matters. Sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense, resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (deep, thorough learning) or enlightenment (education that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge). This is the ability to apply valuable and viable knowledge, experience, understanding, and insight while being prudent and sensible. It is focused on our own minds; it is the synthesis of our experience, insight, understanding, and knowledge. This is the appropriate use of knowledge to solve human problems. It is knowing when and how to apply knowledge.

Verifiable information:

Means that one can check to verify or prove that the information is correct.

Flexible information

Means that the information can be used for a variety of purposes. Information concerning the inventory of supplies on a nursing unit, for example, can be used by nurses who need to know if an item is available for use for a patient. The nurse manager accesses this information to help decide which supplies need to be ordered, to determine which items are use most frequently, and to do an economic assessment of any waste.

Accuracy (Accurate information)

Means that there are no errors in the data information

The Foundation of Knowledge Model

Model proposing that humans are organic information systems constantly acquiring, processing, generating, and disseminating information or knowledge in both their professional and personal lives. The organizing framework of this text.

Meaningful Use

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 specifies three main components of this: 1. The use of a certified electronic health record (EHR) in a meaningful manner, such as e-prescribing 2. The use of a certified EHR technology for electronic exchange of health information to improve quality of health care. 3. The use of certified EHR technology to submit clinical quality and other measures.

Health Literacy

The acquisition (learning or developing of a skill, habit, or quality) of knowledge that promotes the ability to understand and to manage one's health

Information Science

The application and usage of knowledge-- focus on why and how technology can be put to best use to serve the information flow within an organization. Healthcare organizations are affected by and rely on the evolution of this science to enhance the recording and processing of routine and intimate information while facilitating human-to-human and human-to-systems communications, delivery of healthcare products, dissemination of information, and enhancement of the organization's business transactions.

Knowledge

The awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision; abounds with others' thoughts and information. Information that is synthesized so that relationships are identified and formalized. Understanding that comes through a process of interaction or experience with the world around us. Information that has judgment applied to it or meaning extracted from it. Processed information that helps to clarify or explain some portion of our environment or world that we can use as a basis for action or upon which we can act. Internal process of thinking or cognition. External process of testing, senses, observation, and interacting.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

The field that deals with the conception, development, and implementation of informations tools based on intelligent technologies. This filed attempts to capture the complex processes of human thought and intelligence. Experts in cognitive science model human thinking using artificial networks provided by computers refer to this as ____________________

Human-technology interface:

The hardware and software through which the user interacts with any technology (e.,g., computers, patient monitors, telephone).

Timely information

The information is available when it is needed for the right purpose and at the right time Knowing who won the lottery last week does not help one to know if the person won it today.

a. Knowledge generation

The nurse asks the patient and family questions about their ethnicity and culture in order to understand the patient's response to the new diagnosis of Diabetes. The nurse is using this information in which manner? a. Knowledge generation c. knowledge dissemination

B, C, D b. Nursing c. Computer d. Information

The nurse contributes to nursing informatics by using an EHR and clinical database. Nursing informatics includes which science? a. Medical b. Nursing c. Computer d. Information e. Healthcare

Security (Secure information)

The right user refers to an authorized user who has the right to obtain the data and information he or she is seeking. It is a major challenge because unauthorized users must be blocked while the authorized user is provided with open, easy access.

Information Science

The science of information, studying the application and usage of information and knowledge in organizations and the interfacings or interaction between people, organizations, and information systems. An extensive, interdisciplinary science that integrates features from cognitive science, communication science, computer science, library science, and social sciences.

Nursing informatics (book definition)

The synthesis of nursing science, information science, computer science, and cognitive science for the purpose of managing, disseminating, and enhancing healthcare data, information, knowledge, and wisdom to improve collaboration and decision making; provide high quality patient care; and advance the profession of nursing. This is the specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information management and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. This supports nurses, consumers, patients, the inter professional healthcare team, and other stakeholders in their decision making in all roles and settings to achieve desired outcomes. This support is accomplished through the use of information structures, information processes, and information technology.

TIGER Initiative

The work of the Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform team. This team of nursing leaders developed a vision for utilizing information technology to transform nursing practice.

Accessibility (Accessible information)

This is a must, the right user must be able to obtain the right information at the right time and in the right format to meet his or her needs.

Patient-centered information systems/ Patient care information system (PCIS)

This is focused on collecting data and disseminating information related to direct care. Several of these systems have become mainstream types of systems used in health care. The four types of systems most commonly found in healthcare organizations include: 1. Clinical documentation systems 2. Pharmacy information systems 3. Laboratory information systems 4. Radiology information systems

Information Science:

This science is a multidisciplinary science that encompasses aspects of computer science, cognitive science, social science, communication science, and library science to deal with obtaining, gathering, organizing, manipulating, managing, storing, retrieving, recapturing, disposing of, distributing, and broadcasting information. It studies everything that deals with information.

Cognitive Science

This science is the study of the mind and how information is processed in the mind.

Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act:

Title XIII of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which was enacted in February 2009. Under this act, healthcare organizations can qualify for financial incentives based on the level of meaningful use achieved; this Act specifically incentivizes health organizations and providers to become "meaningful users." It set the 2014 deadline for implementing EHS and provided the momentum for health information exchange (HIE).