NREMT - Everything you need to know.
80-90
Glucose after 8-10hr of no food
120-140
Glucose after meal
a person who voluntarily offers help or sympathy in times of trouble
Good Samaritan
90 degrees and 75 humidity
What temp and humidity are bad for the body to regulate temp
Weak pulse the into fast pulse Also no radial pulse body brings blood to core
Good indicator of internal blood loss
To extremity fractures only if the patient is stable and there is no life threat
When can I apply a splint on scene
No aed shock then 2min CPR then pulse check
aed shock then pulse check?
..., Shallow, slow or infrequent breathing
agonal respiration
Alpha1 vessels constrict and release sweat Alpha2 try's to regulate alpha1
alpha1 and Alpha2
..., Pressure on the trachea, prevents air from entering the esophagus/stomach and vomiting
cricoid pressure
Pain is less severe and poorly localized because of lack of pain receptors on the organ pain is generalized
Visceral pain
..., A breathing sound similarto the cawing of a crow; may indicate that muscles around the larynx are in spasm.
crowing
..., A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes
cyanosis
Yes but prefer to use less electrical dose If u can't it is ok
Can I aed on 1-8 year olds
breathing in
Inhalation
placenta is expelled-afterbirth
Placenta stage
carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs
Pulmonary arteries
..., Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing
intercostal muscles
Away from center of body
lateral
..., fast breathing, an abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually >20 breaths per minute
tachypnea
generalized tonic-clonic (it is sudden cry, fall, rigidity, followed by muscle jerking; shallow, irregular breathing; possible loss of bladder or bowel control; usually lasts seconds to minutes, followed by some confusion, a period of sleep (postical lethargy), and then return to full consciousness.
Grand mal
the number of the pregnancy that a woman is in
Gravida
Too much carbon dioxide
Hypercapnia
lots of eating, peeing, drinking. blurred vision, fatigue, weight loss
Hyperglycemia symptoms
the pink-tinged secretions that follow the loss of the mucous plug b/c of exposed cervical capillaries. this is a sign that labor will begin within 24-48 hours.
Bloody show
No cut but internal problem
Blunt force trauma
Increasing intracranial pressure related to the presence of lg pocket of blood (hematoma)
Brain herniation
tissue layer beneath the dermis; contains adipose tissue, a connective tissue that includes fat-storing cells and blood vessels
Hypodermis
hunger, fatigue, weakness, sweating, headache, dizziness, low bp, cold or clammy skin
Hypoglycemia symptoms
inadequate perfusion also known as shock
Hypoperfusion
Shivering Apathy and decreased muscle function Decreased level of responsiveness Decreased vital signs Death
5 Stages of hypothermia
Pneumonia Pulmonary edema
Common diseases from crackles
Aspiration Pneumonia Emphysema Chronic bronchitis
Common diseases from rhonchi
Asthma Emphysema Chronic bronchitis
Common diseases from wheezing
a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion
Hypothalamus
Significant and can lead to shock
A loss of 15% of blood volume is
acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)
AMI
a disorder of pregnancy in which the placenta prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus
Abruptio placentae
the cup-shaped hollow in the hipbone into which the head of the femur fits to form a ball-and-socket joint
Acetabulum
short term ; fight or flight response ; effects disappear quickly after it is over
Acute Stress
sudden, sever abdominal pain that is less than 24 hours in duration
Acute abdomen
sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart, sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or myocardial infarction
Acute coronary syndrome
occurs when an excessive amount of fluid collects in the spaces between the alveoli and capillaries, disturbs normal gas exchange
Acute pulmonary edema
a legal document prepared by a living, competent adult to provide guidance to the health care team if the individual should become unable to make decisions regarding his or her medical care; may also be called a living will or durable power of attorney for health care
Advanced Directive
chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries
Angina pectoris
occurring or existing before birth
Antepartum
damage may result in fatal bleeding, dissection is a condition where the inner layer of the wall of the aorta begins to tear; patient may complain of pain in the chest, abdomen or back will exhibit signs of shock
Aortic Dissection
congenital or developed weakness in wall of lower lumbar region (aorta), balloons out, anterior abdominal wall pulses, untreatable if ruptures
Aortic aneurysm
absence of breathing
Apnea
Femur and pelvis
What are two critical fractures
the absence of a heartbeat
Asystole
the most common form of CVD; a disease characterized by plaques along the inner walls of the arteries.
Atherosclerosis
located in the lower wall of the right atrium; delays impulses from the SA node to allow the atria to completely empty before the ventricles contract
Atrioventricular node
impairment of consciousness for a few min or less; usually has rhythmic movements of face or extremities
Complex partial seizure
Body heat is lost through direct physical touch of other objects
Conduction
shock caused by severe blood or fluid loss
Hypovolemic shock
deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells
Hypoxia
Pulses motor function Sensation
What is PMS
Bleeding but no pain
What is a sign of placenta previa
Congestive Heart Failure failure of the heart to pump blood away from the heart causing accumulation of fluid in the tissues and lungs
CHF
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; chronic bronchitis - bronchiole lining inflamed, excess mucus formed; emphysema - walls of alveoli break down; HYPOXIC DRIVE (not in asthma)
COPD
The heart and breathing stop suddenly and without warning
Cardiac arrest
shock that results from failure of the heart in its pumping action.
Cardiogenic shock
Is the cavity that is formed by a pressure way
Cavacation
clear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain
Cerebrospinal fluid
obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by excessive production of mucus and chronic inflammatory changes in the bronchi, resulting in a cough with expectoration for at least 3 months of the year for more than 2 consecutive years.
Chronic bronchitis
Body heat lost to surrounding air, which becomes warmer then rises and is then replaced by cool air and then repeat the cycle
Convection
the two arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle
Coronary arteries
Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound; also called whooping cough
Pertussis
milder form with loss of consciousness for a few seconds. Common in children. May disappear by late adolescence
Petit mal
Adults 20 feet children/infants more than 10 feet or 2or3 times their height
MOI falls
a type of ischemic stroke that causes a clot to travel to the brain, mostly from the left side of the heart
Embolic stroke
a burn in which all the layers of the skin are damaged. There are usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and white. Also called a third-degree burn.
Full thickness burn
Used for head trauma- Score 3-15, based on Eye opening, Verbal response and Motor response.
Glasgow coma scale
This is an assessment tool used to determine consciousness in clients. The Score of 15 reveals a fully oriented person. 3 is deep coma., Used for head trauma- Score 3-15, based on Eye opening, Verbal response and Motor response.
Glasgow scale
a hormone secreted by the pancreas
Glucagon
Water
Glucose and sodium bring what with them?
second layer of skin, holding blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles
Dermis
Storage form of glucose
Glycogen
first stage of labor; the uterine muscle contracts strongly to expel the fetus; the fetus presses on the cervix and causes it to dilate or expand
Dilation stage
swelling
Distention
less distribution of blood to areas = venous pooling, most common in general anesthesia and spinal cord injuries and septic shock (bacterial infection where toxins in blood). cause: general anesthesia and spinal cord injuries and septic shock
Distributive shock
an obligation to provide care to a patient
Duty to Act
difficult or labored respiration
Dyspnea
a toxic condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma during or immediately after pregnancy
Eclampsia
pregnancy resulting from gestation elsewhere than in the uterus
Ectopic pregnancy
a move made when there is an immediate danger to the patient.
Emergency Move
obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air, with destructive changes in their walls resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange
Emphysema
an outer layer of cells designed to provide protection
Epidermis
temporoparietal skull fracture; tear middle meningeal artery
Epidural hematoma
chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
Epilepsy
bleeding from the nose
Epistaxis
Heart attack Congenital heart failure Abnormal rhythm Beta blockers
Example of cardiogenic shock
Pulmonary edema Blood can't move forward Pericardial tamponade Tension pneumothorax Both put pressure on Herat and can't fill appropriately
Example of obstructive shock
Septic Infection that causes the vessels to dilate Neurogenic Spinal cord injury cause vessels to dilate Anaphylactic Body wide vessel dilation
Examples if distributive shock
Hemorrhagic loos whole blood Non hemmorrhgagic Fluid loss and burns
Examples of hypovelemic shock
Permission that must be obtained from every conscious, mentally competent adult before emergency treatment may be provided
Expressed Consent
When the baby is expelled from its mother's body
Expulsion stage
A posture in which the pt arches the back and extends the arms straight out parallel to the body. A sign of serious head injury
Extension posturing
..., flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device: a device that uses oxygen under pressure to deliver artifical ventilations. Its trigger is placed so that the rescuer can operate it while still using both hands to maintain a seal on the face mask. Has automatic flow restriction to prevent overdelivery of oxygen to the patient.
FROPVD
Movement Low body temp clotting less effective Medication anticlotting like aspirin Intravenous fluids Removal of bandages
Factors that may increase bleeding
convulsions brought on by a fever in infants or small children. During a febrile seizure, a child often loses consciousness and shakes, moving limbs on both sides of the body.
Febrile seizure
(Formerly known as decorticate posturing). Client flexes one or both arms on the chest and may extend the legs stiffly. Indicates nonfunctioning cortex. Lesions of cerebral hemispheres or internal structures of brain cause this posturing.
Flexion posturing
High Efficiency Particulate Air respirator; used for patients with suspected TB; worn by the EMT provider to prevent airborne transmission
HEPA Mask
muscle pain or spasm due largely to the loss of salt from the body from sweating, or inadequate intake of salt
Heat cramp
Occurs when the body's cooling mechanism have been expended Skin is normal to cool in temp Pale or Gregory in color And sweaty
Heat exhaustion
The failure of the heat-regulating ability of an individual under heat stress. Skin will be hot and red possibly not sweating
Heat stroke
stroke caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
Hemorrhagic stroke
infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid
Hepatitis B
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus, transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually)
Hepatitis C
Stomach Gallbladder Urinary bladder Ureters Internal urethra Fallopian tubes Intestines
Hollow organ in abdominal
-stomach, small intestine, colon, bladder, gallbladder
Hollow organs
2-15 min
How long does angina pain last
2-3 with CPR in-between
How many shocks can I give
Provide 2 min of CPR before ard
If patient been in cardiac arrest for more than 5 min and no CPR has been done what do you do
The consent it is presumed a patient or patient's parent or gaurdian would give if they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent who cannot be contacted when care is needed.
Implied Consent
Oversight of the patient-care aspects of an EMS system by the Medical Director.
Medical Direction
into the muscle
Intramuscular
Mentally incompetent person
Involuntary
the most common kind of stroke
Ischemic stroke
the visible bulging of the jugular vein when the Pt is in semi-fowlers position or full fowlers position. this is indicative of inadaquate blood movement through the heart and/or lungs
Jugular vein distention
Med/High velocity projectiles are from pellets or bullets. The damage caused, depends on the Trajectory and the dissipation of energy. Dissipation of energy is affected by Drag,Profile,Cavitation, & Fragmentation.
Medium and high velocity injuries
contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter
Llq
A knife or other impailed object in the body exerts damage to the immediate area of impact and it's underlying structures. The length of the object used is important
Low velocity injuries
stomach spleen left lobe of liver body of pancreas L kidney and
Luq
Significant loss of blood
Narrow pulse pressure indicates
any deficiency in the nervous system's functioning, typically exhibited as a motor, sensory, or cognitive deficit
Neurological deficit
No immediate threat to life, are carried out in such a way as to prevent injury and to avoid discomfort and pain.
Non urgent move
80-120
Normal glucose
Umbilical cord around the neck; assess by as soon s the head is out of the vagina, run index finger around the neck; if unable to stretch over the babies head, clamp cord 2" apart and cut, then deliver as normal.
Nuchal cord
mechanical obstruction or compressing that prevents blood from reaching the heart
Obstructive shock
closed off
Occluded
consists of standing orders issued by the medical director that allows EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the medical director or another physician.
Offline Direction
consists of orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an EMT-B in the field by radio or telephone.
Online Direction
Swallowed
Oral
Focused on injury Vitals Sample Then detailed exam in the back of truck
Secondary assessment for trauma minor injury
Are due to flying debris propelled by the blast They are usually lacerations fracture burns
Secondary phase injuires
Prehospital care report
PCR
(obstetrics) the number of live-born children a woman has delivered
Para
More severe pain and more localized
Parietal pain
a burn in which the first layer of skin (epidermis) is burned through and the dermis (second layer) is damaged. Burns of this type cause reddening, blistering, and a mottled appearence. (Also called second-degree burn).
Partial thickness burn
pulseless electrical activity. Heart is doing something but not pumping
Pea
Made a cut through
Penetrating truma
filling of the pericardial sac with fluid, which in turn limits the filling and function of the heart.
Pericardial tamponade
the general region between the anus and the genital organs
Perineum
Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs
Peritoneum
a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera
Peritoneum
Three major steps in secondary assessments
Physical exam, Baseline vitals, History
pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus (instead of the upper part)
Placenta previa
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
Pneumonia
Physicians orders for life sustaining treatment. May include order for DO NOT RESUSCITATE
Polst
abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria
Preeclampsia
Are due to the pressure wave of the blast. Injuries primarly effect the gas-containing organs, such as the lungs, stomach, intestines, inner ears and sinuses. Death may occur from this stage w/o any sign of external injury
Primary phase injuries
lists of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situations. Protocols are developed by the Medical Director of an EMS system
Protocols
Transport because there is lots of blood that may be lost
What should I do with someone had a spontaneous abortio.
blockage of the pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by a blood clot
Pulmonary embolism
deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Pulmonary veins
Body heat is lost to the atmosphere or nearby objects without physically touching them
Radiation
erythrocyte
Red blood cell
Indicates that a patient is breathing but is having trouble doing so. May lead to respiratory arrest.
Respiratory Distress
The reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life
Respiratory Failure
When breathing completely stops.
Respiratory arrest
Evm 456 Eye 4 Verbal 5 Motor 6
Rhyme for glasgow
Vertebrosternal = 'True ribs" -ribs 1-7 attach directly to the sternum through their costal cartilage. Vertebrochondral = "False ribs" =ribs 8-10 costal cartilage articulate indirectly with the sternumb by joing the costal cartilages of ribs above. Vertebral Ribs = "Floating ribs" ribs 11 and 12 no anterior attachment.
Ribs
the 5 rights
Right date, right patient, right drug, right dose, right route
contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter
Rlq
A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burn are, a method of estimating the extent of a burn. For an adult, each of the following surfaces represents 9% of the body surface: the head and neck, each upper extremity, the chest, the abdomen, the upper back, the lower back and buttocks, the front of each lower extremity, and the back of each lower extremity. The remaining 1% is assigned to the genital region. For an infant or child the percentages are modified so that 18% is assigned to the head, 14% to each lower extremity.
Rule of nines
Searing or tearing feeling in abdomen
Ruptured uterus sign
contains majority of liver, gallbladder, small portion of pancreas, right kidney, small intestines, and colon.
Ruq
What we are allowed to do or trained to do
Scope of Practice
after immediate life- or limb-threatening injuries/illnesses have been identified, this more thorough evaluation is performed to identify more subtle, yet still important, injuries
Secondary assessment
Sample Focused on injury Vitals
Secondary assessment for medical responsive
Rapid trauma assessment Vitals Sample
Secondary assessment for medical unresponsive
Rapid trauma assessment Vitals Sample
Secondary assessment for trauma major injury
sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from abnormal firing of nerve impulses (may or may not be associated with convulsion)
Seizure
Inadequate tissue perfusion Also know as hypoperfusion
Shock
begins in one area can move, patient aware and conscious, expreience change in taste/smell cause nausea
Simple partial seizures
located in the upper portion of the "R" atrium. Has its own rhythm. Sets the basic pace for the cardiac rate.
Sinoartrial node
Spleen liver pacreas kidneys
Soild organs
Liver Spleen Kidneys Pancreas
Solid organs in abdominal
material expelled from the lungs by coughing
Sputum
1. Compensatory Shock 2. Decompensatory Shock 3. Irreversible Stage
Stages of shock
the degree of care that a reasonably prudent person should exercise under the same or similar circumstances
Standard Care
A policy or protocol issued by a Medical Director that authorizes EMT-Bs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations.
Standing Orders
a condition in which there are continuing attacks of epilepsy without intervals of consciousness
Status epilepticus
True and shut off engine
Stop ambulance when using aed
A medical injury to brain that is not related to truma
Stroke
pertaining to below the dura mater, tumor of blood
Subdural hematoma
beneath the tongue
Sublingual
a burn that involves only the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. It is characterized by reddening of the skin and perhaps some swelling. An example is a sunburn. Also called a first-degree burn.
Superficial burn
Pressure on the vena cava by baby when mother is in supine position
Supine hypertensive syndrome
a sudden, and generally temporary, loss of consciousness and postural tone, due to inadequate flow of oxygenated blood to the brain (fainting)
Syncope
transient ischemic attack; temporary interference with the blood supply to the brain
TIA
A type of pneumothorax in which air can enter the pleural space but cannot escape via the route of entry. This leads to increased pressure in the pleural space, resulting in lung collapse. The increase in pressure also compresses the heart and vena cavae, which impairs circulation.
Tension pneumonthorax
a pneumothorax with rapid accumulation of air in the pleural space causing severely high intrapleural pressures with resultant tension on the heart and great vessels
Tension pneumothorax
Are due to being throw and then landing on the ground similar to being ejected out of a car
Tertiary phase injuries
1) dilation 2) expulsion 3) placenta
Three stages of labor
type of stroke caused by a blood clot blocking an artery in the brain
Thrombotic stroke
a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin
Thrombus
Must be given by legal guardian
Treatment of a Minor
Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most commonly affects the respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification of the system.
Tuberculosis
this type of diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune situation. The pancreas produces and releases NO insulin, so no glucose transport.
Type 1
Diabetes mellitus initially begins with INSULIN RESISTANCE, where the cells are not able to use the insulin properly and pancreas loses its ability to produce adequate quantities of insulin.
Type 2
Hypovolemic Distributive Cardiogenic Obstructive
Types of shock
Unique cause they do opposite Veins bring oxygen blood Arteries bring deoxygenated blood
Umbilical cord blood vessels
Move used if a scne factor causes a decline in patient's condition, or if the treatment of a patient requires a move.
Urgent Move
completely erratic rhythm with no identifiable waves; fatal
V-fib
Ventricular tachycardia (an increased ventricular heart rate).
V-tach
Sharp object container
Where do I put epipen when done
blood cell that functions in defending the body against infections and cancer cells; also called a leukocyte
White blood cell
1. coronal (vertical cut into front and back halves) 2. transverse (horizontal cut into upper and lower) 3. sagittal (vertical cut into left and right halves)
anatomical planes
Toward the Front
anterior
Stretcher for obese patients
bariatric stretcher
designed to surround and protect the patient, this stretcher is used to move a patient from one level to another to over rough terrain.
basket stretcher
increases HR, inotrophy (forced contraction of heart) increases electrical impulse in heart
beta 1
relaxes smooth muscle such as bronchioles and some vessels
beta 2
Both sides
bilateral
..., slow respiratory rate, usually below 10 respirations per minute
bradypnea
the part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus
brain stem
..., smallest branches of the bronchi
bronchioles
..., tested by pressing the nail tip briefly and watching for color change. A normal finding is the pink tone returns immediately when pressure is released. An abnormal finding is slow (greater than 2 seconds) return of pink tonewith respiratory or cardiovascular diseases that cause hypoxia.
capillary refill
..., the fork at the lower end of the trachea where the two mainstem bronchi branch.
carina
..., process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
cellular respiration
the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
cerebellum
large part of the brain that controls the senses and thinking
cerebrum
opposite side
contralateral
the ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
cricoid cartilage
muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down
diaphragm
Far from point of reference
distal
Toward the back/spine
dorsal
..., difficult or labored respiration
dyspnea
swelling
edema
adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster, stopping digestion, enlarging pupils, sending sugar into the bloodstream, preparing a blood clot faster
epinephrine
..., exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood
external respiration
made of canvas or rubberized or other flexible material, often with wooden slats sewn into pockets and three carrying handles on each side. can be useful in restricted areas or narrow hallways
flexible stretcher
a bed sitting position with the head of the bed raised to 45 degrees
fowler position
...Soft suction
french tip
..., indicates presence of fluid in the upper airway, need for suctioning
gurgling
Also known as shock (decreased blood flow through an organ, as in hypovolemic shock; if prolonged, it may result in permanent cellular dysfunction and death.)
hypo perfusion
away from the head or below point of reference
inferior
..., exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body
internal respiration
Same side
ipsilateral
Rapid transport (what's the number on the GCS)
less than 13
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and aveoli (gasses travel through the structers to and from the blood)
lower airway
Toward center of body
medial
...Mouth to mask Two person bag valve Fropvd One person bag valve
methods of artifical ventilation
line drawn veritcally from the middle of the armpit to the ankle
mid axillary
the line through the center of the clavical
mid clavicular
..., Mask used for a patient with TB
n-95
..., flexible airway inserted through the patients nose
nasopharyngeal
A neurotransmitter from nerve endings and a hormone from the adrenal gland. It is release in times of stress and is involved in hunger regulation, blood glucose regulation and other body processes.
noepinephrine
..., the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation
respiration
..., When breathing completely stops.
respiratory arrest
..., a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high
respiratory failure
..., Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration.
retractions
..., lower-pitched sounds like snoring or rattling, secretions in larger airways (pneumonia, bronchitis, aspiration)
rhonchi
this cot splits in tow or four sections, so it can be used where larger stretchers cannot fit.
scoop stretcher
the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees; or the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees and the knee portion is raised 15 degrees
semi fowler position
..., -curved plastic device used to establish an airway in a patient by displacing the tongue from the posterior wall of the oropharynx -used in unconscious patients who do not have a gag reflex
oropharyngeal
Palm of hand
palmar
blood pressure declines as one inhales and increases as one exhales
paradoxus pulsus
..., pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm
parietal pleura
..., An airway that is open and clear of obstructions.
patent airway
The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
perfusion
stimulates the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
Sole of foot
plantar
..., membrane surrounding the lungs
pleura
..., the small potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura
pleural space
Toward the back
posterior
Near the point of reference
proximal
..., Movement of air into and out of the lungs
pulmonary ventilation
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure no more than 25%
pulse pressure
Describing where an abdominal organ or pain is located is made easier by dividing the abdomen into four imaginary quadrants. *Right upper quadrant (RUQ) *Left upper quadrant (LUQ) *Right lower quadrant (RLQ) *Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
quadrants of the abdomen
..., abnormal crackling sound made during inspiration
rales
feet elevated 12 inches higher than head
shock position
Tachypnea Dyspnea Pale cool clammy skin ( early) Elevation of blood pressure Agitation Disorientation and confusion ( from high carbon dioxide levels) Headache
signs of mild hypoxia
Tachypnea Dyspnea Cyanosis Tachycardia may lead to dysrhythmias and eventually bradycardia Confusion Loss of coordination sleepy appearance Head bobbing Slow reaction time Altered mental status
signs of severe hypoxia
..., airway blocked, open patients airway promt transport
snoring sounds
..., a whistling sound when breathing (usually heard on inspiration) upper airway
stridor
toward the head or above point of reference
superior
... Rigid suction
tonsil tip
One side
unilateral
(Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx)FUNCTION:*Conducts air to lower airway *Protects lower airways *Warms, filters & humidifies air
upper airway
Toward the front/ belly
ventral
the 33 bones of the spinal column
vertebrae
..., inner layer of pleura that surrounds each lung
visceral pleura