NREMT - Everything you need to know.

80-90

Glucose after 8-10hr of no food

120-140

Glucose after meal

a person who voluntarily offers help or sympathy in times of trouble

Good Samaritan

90 degrees and 75 humidity

What temp and humidity are bad for the body to regulate temp

Weak pulse the into fast pulse Also no radial pulse body brings blood to core

Good indicator of internal blood loss

To extremity fractures only if the patient is stable and there is no life threat

When can I apply a splint on scene

No aed shock then 2min CPR then pulse check

aed shock then pulse check?

..., Shallow, slow or infrequent breathing

agonal respiration

Alpha1 vessels constrict and release sweat Alpha2 try's to regulate alpha1

alpha1 and Alpha2

..., Pressure on the trachea, prevents air from entering the esophagus/stomach and vomiting

cricoid pressure

Pain is less severe and poorly localized because of lack of pain receptors on the organ pain is generalized

Visceral pain

..., A breathing sound similarto the cawing of a crow; may indicate that muscles around the larynx are in spasm.

crowing

..., A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes

cyanosis

Yes but prefer to use less electrical dose If u can't it is ok

Can I aed on 1-8 year olds

breathing in

Inhalation

placenta is expelled-afterbirth

Placenta stage

carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs

Pulmonary arteries

..., Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing

intercostal muscles

Away from center of body

lateral

..., fast breathing, an abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually >20 breaths per minute

tachypnea

generalized tonic-clonic (it is sudden cry, fall, rigidity, followed by muscle jerking; shallow, irregular breathing; possible loss of bladder or bowel control; usually lasts seconds to minutes, followed by some confusion, a period of sleep (postical lethargy), and then return to full consciousness.

Grand mal

the number of the pregnancy that a woman is in

Gravida

Too much carbon dioxide

Hypercapnia

lots of eating, peeing, drinking. blurred vision, fatigue, weight loss

Hyperglycemia symptoms

the pink-tinged secretions that follow the loss of the mucous plug b/c of exposed cervical capillaries. this is a sign that labor will begin within 24-48 hours.

Bloody show

No cut but internal problem

Blunt force trauma

Increasing intracranial pressure related to the presence of lg pocket of blood (hematoma)

Brain herniation

tissue layer beneath the dermis; contains adipose tissue, a connective tissue that includes fat-storing cells and blood vessels

Hypodermis

hunger, fatigue, weakness, sweating, headache, dizziness, low bp, cold or clammy skin

Hypoglycemia symptoms

inadequate perfusion also known as shock

Hypoperfusion

Shivering Apathy and decreased muscle function Decreased level of responsiveness Decreased vital signs Death

5 Stages of hypothermia

Pneumonia Pulmonary edema

Common diseases from crackles

Aspiration Pneumonia Emphysema Chronic bronchitis

Common diseases from rhonchi

Asthma Emphysema Chronic bronchitis

Common diseases from wheezing

a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion

Hypothalamus

Significant and can lead to shock

A loss of 15% of blood volume is

acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)

AMI

a disorder of pregnancy in which the placenta prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus

Abruptio placentae

the cup-shaped hollow in the hipbone into which the head of the femur fits to form a ball-and-socket joint

Acetabulum

short term ; fight or flight response ; effects disappear quickly after it is over

Acute Stress

sudden, sever abdominal pain that is less than 24 hours in duration

Acute abdomen

sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart, sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or myocardial infarction

Acute coronary syndrome

occurs when an excessive amount of fluid collects in the spaces between the alveoli and capillaries, disturbs normal gas exchange

Acute pulmonary edema

a legal document prepared by a living, competent adult to provide guidance to the health care team if the individual should become unable to make decisions regarding his or her medical care; may also be called a living will or durable power of attorney for health care

Advanced Directive

chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries

Angina pectoris

occurring or existing before birth

Antepartum

damage may result in fatal bleeding, dissection is a condition where the inner layer of the wall of the aorta begins to tear; patient may complain of pain in the chest, abdomen or back will exhibit signs of shock

Aortic Dissection

congenital or developed weakness in wall of lower lumbar region (aorta), balloons out, anterior abdominal wall pulses, untreatable if ruptures

Aortic aneurysm

absence of breathing

Apnea

Femur and pelvis

What are two critical fractures

the absence of a heartbeat

Asystole

the most common form of CVD; a disease characterized by plaques along the inner walls of the arteries.

Atherosclerosis

located in the lower wall of the right atrium; delays impulses from the SA node to allow the atria to completely empty before the ventricles contract

Atrioventricular node

impairment of consciousness for a few min or less; usually has rhythmic movements of face or extremities

Complex partial seizure

Body heat is lost through direct physical touch of other objects

Conduction

shock caused by severe blood or fluid loss

Hypovolemic shock

deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells

Hypoxia

Pulses motor function Sensation

What is PMS

Bleeding but no pain

What is a sign of placenta previa

Congestive Heart Failure failure of the heart to pump blood away from the heart causing accumulation of fluid in the tissues and lungs

CHF

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; chronic bronchitis - bronchiole lining inflamed, excess mucus formed; emphysema - walls of alveoli break down; HYPOXIC DRIVE (not in asthma)

COPD

The heart and breathing stop suddenly and without warning

Cardiac arrest

shock that results from failure of the heart in its pumping action.

Cardiogenic shock

Is the cavity that is formed by a pressure way

Cavacation

clear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain

Cerebrospinal fluid

obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by excessive production of mucus and chronic inflammatory changes in the bronchi, resulting in a cough with expectoration for at least 3 months of the year for more than 2 consecutive years.

Chronic bronchitis

Body heat lost to surrounding air, which becomes warmer then rises and is then replaced by cool air and then repeat the cycle

Convection

the two arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle

Coronary arteries

Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a "whoop" sound; also called whooping cough

Pertussis

milder form with loss of consciousness for a few seconds. Common in children. May disappear by late adolescence

Petit mal

Adults 20 feet children/infants more than 10 feet or 2or3 times their height

MOI falls

a type of ischemic stroke that causes a clot to travel to the brain, mostly from the left side of the heart

Embolic stroke

a burn in which all the layers of the skin are damaged. There are usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and white. Also called a third-degree burn.

Full thickness burn

Used for head trauma- Score 3-15, based on Eye opening, Verbal response and Motor response.

Glasgow coma scale

This is an assessment tool used to determine consciousness in clients. The Score of 15 reveals a fully oriented person. 3 is deep coma., Used for head trauma- Score 3-15, based on Eye opening, Verbal response and Motor response.

Glasgow scale

a hormone secreted by the pancreas

Glucagon

Water

Glucose and sodium bring what with them?

second layer of skin, holding blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles

Dermis

Storage form of glucose

Glycogen

first stage of labor; the uterine muscle contracts strongly to expel the fetus; the fetus presses on the cervix and causes it to dilate or expand

Dilation stage

swelling

Distention

less distribution of blood to areas = venous pooling, most common in general anesthesia and spinal cord injuries and septic shock (bacterial infection where toxins in blood). cause: general anesthesia and spinal cord injuries and septic shock

Distributive shock

an obligation to provide care to a patient

Duty to Act

difficult or labored respiration

Dyspnea

a toxic condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma during or immediately after pregnancy

Eclampsia

pregnancy resulting from gestation elsewhere than in the uterus

Ectopic pregnancy

a move made when there is an immediate danger to the patient.

Emergency Move

obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air, with destructive changes in their walls resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange

Emphysema

an outer layer of cells designed to provide protection

Epidermis

temporoparietal skull fracture; tear middle meningeal artery

Epidural hematoma

chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

Epilepsy

bleeding from the nose

Epistaxis

Heart attack Congenital heart failure Abnormal rhythm Beta blockers

Example of cardiogenic shock

Pulmonary edema Blood can't move forward Pericardial tamponade Tension pneumothorax Both put pressure on Herat and can't fill appropriately

Example of obstructive shock

Septic Infection that causes the vessels to dilate Neurogenic Spinal cord injury cause vessels to dilate Anaphylactic Body wide vessel dilation

Examples if distributive shock

Hemorrhagic loos whole blood Non hemmorrhgagic Fluid loss and burns

Examples of hypovelemic shock

Permission that must be obtained from every conscious, mentally competent adult before emergency treatment may be provided

Expressed Consent

When the baby is expelled from its mother's body

Expulsion stage

A posture in which the pt arches the back and extends the arms straight out parallel to the body. A sign of serious head injury

Extension posturing

..., flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device: a device that uses oxygen under pressure to deliver artifical ventilations. Its trigger is placed so that the rescuer can operate it while still using both hands to maintain a seal on the face mask. Has automatic flow restriction to prevent overdelivery of oxygen to the patient.

FROPVD

Movement Low body temp clotting less effective Medication anticlotting like aspirin Intravenous fluids Removal of bandages

Factors that may increase bleeding

convulsions brought on by a fever in infants or small children. During a febrile seizure, a child often loses consciousness and shakes, moving limbs on both sides of the body.

Febrile seizure

(Formerly known as decorticate posturing). Client flexes one or both arms on the chest and may extend the legs stiffly. Indicates nonfunctioning cortex. Lesions of cerebral hemispheres or internal structures of brain cause this posturing.

Flexion posturing

High Efficiency Particulate Air respirator; used for patients with suspected TB; worn by the EMT provider to prevent airborne transmission

HEPA Mask

muscle pain or spasm due largely to the loss of salt from the body from sweating, or inadequate intake of salt

Heat cramp

Occurs when the body's cooling mechanism have been expended Skin is normal to cool in temp Pale or Gregory in color And sweaty

Heat exhaustion

The failure of the heat-regulating ability of an individual under heat stress. Skin will be hot and red possibly not sweating

Heat stroke

stroke caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain

Hemorrhagic stroke

infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid

Hepatitis B

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus, transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually)

Hepatitis C

Stomach Gallbladder Urinary bladder Ureters Internal urethra Fallopian tubes Intestines

Hollow organ in abdominal

-stomach, small intestine, colon, bladder, gallbladder

Hollow organs

2-15 min

How long does angina pain last

2-3 with CPR in-between

How many shocks can I give

Provide 2 min of CPR before ard

If patient been in cardiac arrest for more than 5 min and no CPR has been done what do you do

The consent it is presumed a patient or patient's parent or gaurdian would give if they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent who cannot be contacted when care is needed.

Implied Consent

Oversight of the patient-care aspects of an EMS system by the Medical Director.

Medical Direction

into the muscle

Intramuscular

Mentally incompetent person

Involuntary

the most common kind of stroke

Ischemic stroke

the visible bulging of the jugular vein when the Pt is in semi-fowlers position or full fowlers position. this is indicative of inadaquate blood movement through the heart and/or lungs

Jugular vein distention

Med/High velocity projectiles are from pellets or bullets. The damage caused, depends on the Trajectory and the dissipation of energy. Dissipation of energy is affected by Drag,Profile,Cavitation, & Fragmentation.

Medium and high velocity injuries

contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

Llq

A knife or other impailed object in the body exerts damage to the immediate area of impact and it's underlying structures. The length of the object used is important

Low velocity injuries

stomach spleen left lobe of liver body of pancreas L kidney and

Luq

Significant loss of blood

Narrow pulse pressure indicates

any deficiency in the nervous system's functioning, typically exhibited as a motor, sensory, or cognitive deficit

Neurological deficit

No immediate threat to life, are carried out in such a way as to prevent injury and to avoid discomfort and pain.

Non urgent move

80-120

Normal glucose

Umbilical cord around the neck; assess by as soon s the head is out of the vagina, run index finger around the neck; if unable to stretch over the babies head, clamp cord 2" apart and cut, then deliver as normal.

Nuchal cord

mechanical obstruction or compressing that prevents blood from reaching the heart

Obstructive shock

closed off

Occluded

consists of standing orders issued by the medical director that allows EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the medical director or another physician.

Offline Direction

consists of orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an EMT-B in the field by radio or telephone.

Online Direction

Swallowed

Oral

Focused on injury Vitals Sample Then detailed exam in the back of truck

Secondary assessment for trauma minor injury

Are due to flying debris propelled by the blast They are usually lacerations fracture burns

Secondary phase injuires

Prehospital care report

PCR

(obstetrics) the number of live-born children a woman has delivered

Para

More severe pain and more localized

Parietal pain

a burn in which the first layer of skin (epidermis) is burned through and the dermis (second layer) is damaged. Burns of this type cause reddening, blistering, and a mottled appearence. (Also called second-degree burn).

Partial thickness burn

pulseless electrical activity. Heart is doing something but not pumping

Pea

Made a cut through

Penetrating truma

filling of the pericardial sac with fluid, which in turn limits the filling and function of the heart.

Pericardial tamponade

the general region between the anus and the genital organs

Perineum

Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs

Peritoneum

a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera

Peritoneum

Three major steps in secondary assessments

Physical exam, Baseline vitals, History

pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus (instead of the upper part)

Placenta previa

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

Pneumonia

Physicians orders for life sustaining treatment. May include order for DO NOT RESUSCITATE

Polst

abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria

Preeclampsia

Are due to the pressure wave of the blast. Injuries primarly effect the gas-containing organs, such as the lungs, stomach, intestines, inner ears and sinuses. Death may occur from this stage w/o any sign of external injury

Primary phase injuries

lists of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situations. Protocols are developed by the Medical Director of an EMS system

Protocols

Transport because there is lots of blood that may be lost

What should I do with someone had a spontaneous abortio.

blockage of the pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by a blood clot

Pulmonary embolism

deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Pulmonary veins

Body heat is lost to the atmosphere or nearby objects without physically touching them

Radiation

erythrocyte

Red blood cell

Indicates that a patient is breathing but is having trouble doing so. May lead to respiratory arrest.

Respiratory Distress

The reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life

Respiratory Failure

When breathing completely stops.

Respiratory arrest

Evm 456 Eye 4 Verbal 5 Motor 6

Rhyme for glasgow

Vertebrosternal = 'True ribs" -ribs 1-7 attach directly to the sternum through their costal cartilage. Vertebrochondral = "False ribs" =ribs 8-10 costal cartilage articulate indirectly with the sternumb by joing the costal cartilages of ribs above. Vertebral Ribs = "Floating ribs" ribs 11 and 12 no anterior attachment.

Ribs

the 5 rights

Right date, right patient, right drug, right dose, right route

contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

Rlq

A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burn are, a method of estimating the extent of a burn. For an adult, each of the following surfaces represents 9% of the body surface: the head and neck, each upper extremity, the chest, the abdomen, the upper back, the lower back and buttocks, the front of each lower extremity, and the back of each lower extremity. The remaining 1% is assigned to the genital region. For an infant or child the percentages are modified so that 18% is assigned to the head, 14% to each lower extremity.

Rule of nines

Searing or tearing feeling in abdomen

Ruptured uterus sign

contains majority of liver, gallbladder, small portion of pancreas, right kidney, small intestines, and colon.

Ruq

What we are allowed to do or trained to do

Scope of Practice

after immediate life- or limb-threatening injuries/illnesses have been identified, this more thorough evaluation is performed to identify more subtle, yet still important, injuries

Secondary assessment

Sample Focused on injury Vitals

Secondary assessment for medical responsive

Rapid trauma assessment Vitals Sample

Secondary assessment for medical unresponsive

Rapid trauma assessment Vitals Sample

Secondary assessment for trauma major injury

sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from abnormal firing of nerve impulses (may or may not be associated with convulsion)

Seizure

Inadequate tissue perfusion Also know as hypoperfusion

Shock

begins in one area can move, patient aware and conscious, expreience change in taste/smell cause nausea

Simple partial seizures

located in the upper portion of the "R" atrium. Has its own rhythm. Sets the basic pace for the cardiac rate.

Sinoartrial node

Spleen liver pacreas kidneys

Soild organs

Liver Spleen Kidneys Pancreas

Solid organs in abdominal

material expelled from the lungs by coughing

Sputum

1. Compensatory Shock 2. Decompensatory Shock 3. Irreversible Stage

Stages of shock

the degree of care that a reasonably prudent person should exercise under the same or similar circumstances

Standard Care

A policy or protocol issued by a Medical Director that authorizes EMT-Bs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations.

Standing Orders

a condition in which there are continuing attacks of epilepsy without intervals of consciousness

Status epilepticus

True and shut off engine

Stop ambulance when using aed

A medical injury to brain that is not related to truma

Stroke

pertaining to below the dura mater, tumor of blood

Subdural hematoma

beneath the tongue

Sublingual

a burn that involves only the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. It is characterized by reddening of the skin and perhaps some swelling. An example is a sunburn. Also called a first-degree burn.

Superficial burn

Pressure on the vena cava by baby when mother is in supine position

Supine hypertensive syndrome

a sudden, and generally temporary, loss of consciousness and postural tone, due to inadequate flow of oxygenated blood to the brain (fainting)

Syncope

transient ischemic attack; temporary interference with the blood supply to the brain

TIA

A type of pneumothorax in which air can enter the pleural space but cannot escape via the route of entry. This leads to increased pressure in the pleural space, resulting in lung collapse. The increase in pressure also compresses the heart and vena cavae, which impairs circulation.

Tension pneumonthorax

a pneumothorax with rapid accumulation of air in the pleural space causing severely high intrapleural pressures with resultant tension on the heart and great vessels

Tension pneumothorax

Are due to being throw and then landing on the ground similar to being ejected out of a car

Tertiary phase injuries

1) dilation 2) expulsion 3) placenta

Three stages of labor

type of stroke caused by a blood clot blocking an artery in the brain

Thrombotic stroke

a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin

Thrombus

Must be given by legal guardian

Treatment of a Minor

Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most commonly affects the respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification of the system.

Tuberculosis

this type of diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune situation. The pancreas produces and releases NO insulin, so no glucose transport.

Type 1

Diabetes mellitus initially begins with INSULIN RESISTANCE, where the cells are not able to use the insulin properly and pancreas loses its ability to produce adequate quantities of insulin.

Type 2

Hypovolemic Distributive Cardiogenic Obstructive

Types of shock

Unique cause they do opposite Veins bring oxygen blood Arteries bring deoxygenated blood

Umbilical cord blood vessels

Move used if a scne factor causes a decline in patient's condition, or if the treatment of a patient requires a move.

Urgent Move

completely erratic rhythm with no identifiable waves; fatal

V-fib

Ventricular tachycardia (an increased ventricular heart rate).

V-tach

Sharp object container

Where do I put epipen when done

blood cell that functions in defending the body against infections and cancer cells; also called a leukocyte

White blood cell

1. coronal (vertical cut into front and back halves) 2. transverse (horizontal cut into upper and lower) 3. sagittal (vertical cut into left and right halves)

anatomical planes

Toward the Front

anterior

Stretcher for obese patients

bariatric stretcher

designed to surround and protect the patient, this stretcher is used to move a patient from one level to another to over rough terrain.

basket stretcher

increases HR, inotrophy (forced contraction of heart) increases electrical impulse in heart

beta 1

relaxes smooth muscle such as bronchioles and some vessels

beta 2

Both sides

bilateral

..., slow respiratory rate, usually below 10 respirations per minute

bradypnea

the part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus

brain stem

..., smallest branches of the bronchi

bronchioles

..., tested by pressing the nail tip briefly and watching for color change. A normal finding is the pink tone returns immediately when pressure is released. An abnormal finding is slow (greater than 2 seconds) return of pink tonewith respiratory or cardiovascular diseases that cause hypoxia.

capillary refill

..., the fork at the lower end of the trachea where the two mainstem bronchi branch.

carina

..., process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

cellular respiration

the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance

cerebellum

large part of the brain that controls the senses and thinking

cerebrum

opposite side

contralateral

the ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

cricoid cartilage

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down

diaphragm

Far from point of reference

distal

Toward the back/spine

dorsal

..., difficult or labored respiration

dyspnea

swelling

edema

adrenaline; activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster, stopping digestion, enlarging pupils, sending sugar into the bloodstream, preparing a blood clot faster

epinephrine

..., exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

external respiration

made of canvas or rubberized or other flexible material, often with wooden slats sewn into pockets and three carrying handles on each side. can be useful in restricted areas or narrow hallways

flexible stretcher

a bed sitting position with the head of the bed raised to 45 degrees

fowler position

...Soft suction

french tip

..., indicates presence of fluid in the upper airway, need for suctioning

gurgling

Also known as shock (decreased blood flow through an organ, as in hypovolemic shock; if prolonged, it may result in permanent cellular dysfunction and death.)

hypo perfusion

away from the head or below point of reference

inferior

..., exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body

internal respiration

Same side

ipsilateral

Rapid transport (what's the number on the GCS)

less than 13

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and aveoli (gasses travel through the structers to and from the blood)

lower airway

Toward center of body

medial

...Mouth to mask Two person bag valve Fropvd One person bag valve

methods of artifical ventilation

line drawn veritcally from the middle of the armpit to the ankle

mid axillary

the line through the center of the clavical

mid clavicular

..., Mask used for a patient with TB

n-95

..., flexible airway inserted through the patients nose

nasopharyngeal

A neurotransmitter from nerve endings and a hormone from the adrenal gland. It is release in times of stress and is involved in hunger regulation, blood glucose regulation and other body processes.

noepinephrine

..., the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation

respiration

..., When breathing completely stops.

respiratory arrest

..., a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high

respiratory failure

..., Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration.

retractions

..., lower-pitched sounds like snoring or rattling, secretions in larger airways (pneumonia, bronchitis, aspiration)

rhonchi

this cot splits in tow or four sections, so it can be used where larger stretchers cannot fit.

scoop stretcher

the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees; or the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees and the knee portion is raised 15 degrees

semi fowler position

..., -curved plastic device used to establish an airway in a patient by displacing the tongue from the posterior wall of the oropharynx -used in unconscious patients who do not have a gag reflex

oropharyngeal

Palm of hand

palmar

blood pressure declines as one inhales and increases as one exhales

paradoxus pulsus

..., pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm

parietal pleura

..., An airway that is open and clear of obstructions.

patent airway

The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

perfusion

stimulates the diaphragm

phrenic nerve

Sole of foot

plantar

..., membrane surrounding the lungs

pleura

..., the small potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura

pleural space

Toward the back

posterior

Near the point of reference

proximal

..., Movement of air into and out of the lungs

pulmonary ventilation

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure no more than 25%

pulse pressure

Describing where an abdominal organ or pain is located is made easier by dividing the abdomen into four imaginary quadrants. *Right upper quadrant (RUQ) *Left upper quadrant (LUQ) *Right lower quadrant (RLQ) *Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

quadrants of the abdomen

..., abnormal crackling sound made during inspiration

rales

feet elevated 12 inches higher than head

shock position

Tachypnea Dyspnea Pale cool clammy skin ( early) Elevation of blood pressure Agitation Disorientation and confusion ( from high carbon dioxide levels) Headache

signs of mild hypoxia

Tachypnea Dyspnea Cyanosis Tachycardia may lead to dysrhythmias and eventually bradycardia Confusion Loss of coordination sleepy appearance Head bobbing Slow reaction time Altered mental status

signs of severe hypoxia

..., airway blocked, open patients airway promt transport

snoring sounds

..., a whistling sound when breathing (usually heard on inspiration) upper airway

stridor

toward the head or above point of reference

superior

... Rigid suction

tonsil tip

One side

unilateral

(Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx)FUNCTION:*Conducts air to lower airway *Protects lower airways *Warms, filters & humidifies air

upper airway

Toward the front/ belly

ventral

the 33 bones of the spinal column

vertebrae

..., inner layer of pleura that surrounds each lung

visceral pleura