Nremt study guide

If you are called to respond to a scene in which a patient was found floating in a frozen lake, and you are told that the patient was underwater approximately 3 to 5 minutes, the patient is cold to the touch and cyanotic, how long should you assess for pulselessness before starting CPR?

45 seconds

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?

5

You are called to the apartment of a college student with an "unknown" medical issue. When you arrive, you find a woman lying in bed. Prescription medication bottles and beer cans are on the nightstand. The patient is conscious, but crying, and will not answer any of your questions but does not appear to have an altered mental status. As she's crying, you can see that there are some pill fragments in her mouth. What should you do?

: Ask the patient to spit out the fragments. If she does not comply, tell her you will have to use a suction device to remove them.

Your patient has a partial thickness burn to his anterior chest. It is about the size of the palm of his hand. What is the approximate total body surface area of the burn?

A. 1%

While working out at the gym, you witness someone collapse. The patient is apneic with a pulse. You begin performing mouth-to-mask ventilations. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving?

A. 16%

When there are signs and symptoms that your patient is hypoxic, you should:

A. Administer oxygen at 15 lpm via nonrebreather mask.

Which of the following is true regarding the Emergency Response Guide (ERG):

A. The ERG helps identify the evacuation distance for specific hazardous materials.

Which of the following is true during inhalation of a spontaneously breathing patient?

A. There is a drop in pressure within the thorax.

Acute hypoglycemia typically causes:

A. a sudden loss of consciousness.

Your patient is a construction worker who fell from a residential rooftop. He is responsive to pain. Breaths are shallow and irregular. You should:

A. provide artificial ventilations with a bag-mask device and high flow oxygen.

Coordinating efforts through a unified command system at a mass casualty incident will likely:

A. reduce duplication of effort and freelancing.

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious in her apartment living room. While surveying the apartment, your partner yells from the patient's bedroom "she has an SVN machine in here". This suggests the patient has a history of:

A. respiratory problems.

You are caring for a trauma patient with a closed head injury. The patient is responsive to painful stimuli. The BP is 160/100, pulse is 60 beats/min and respirations are 8 per minute. You should:

A. stabilize life-threatening conditions and limit your on-scene time to 10 minutes.

While transporting a woman 8 months' pregnant with her first child, she says she feels the need to push. Upon examining her, you see one of the infant's arms hanging from the vaginal opening. What should you do?

Adjust the stretcher so that the mother's pelvis is higher than her head, tell her to do her best not to push, and rapidly transport.

Which one of the following is NOT a shockable rhythm?

Asystole and pulseless electrical activity

Your 67-year-old patient recently began taking a new medication. He is complaining of a sudden onset of severe respiratory distress. He quickly becomes semi-conscious and unable to follow verbal commands. His pulse oximeter (SaO2) is 89%. You should:

B. assist ventilations with a BVM.

In unresponsive patients over one year of age, you should palpate the:

B. carotid pulse

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes:

B. increased cardiac output.

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma. You note air is escaping from the mouth and nose with each breath. You should:

B. manually seal the mouth and nose.

Which of the following physiological responses helps protect the body from overheating:

B. peripheral vasodilation.

You are considering administration of oral glucose to your diabetic patient. This drug is contraindicated when it:

B. poses a significant risk of harm.

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the:

B. pulmonary veins.

You are conducting a primary assessment on an elderly fall victim who complains of hip pain. While assessing circulation, you should check:

B. pulses, external bleeding and skin condition.

Which of the following findings indicates partial obstruction of the upper airway?

B. stridor.

Which of the following describes the purpose of administering aspirin to a suspected myocardial infarction patient?

C. Aspirin reduces platelet aggregation in the coronary arteries.

You are treating a 35-year-old man who was stung by a bee. He is allergic to bees and has a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector. His breath sounds are clear and non-labored. His BP is 130/82. How should you manage this patient?

C. Assess the patient for signs of hypoxia, administer oxygen as needed, and transport.

Shock is caused by:

C. inadequate tissue perfusion.

The rapid extrication technique should be used at a motor vehicle accident when:

C. the patient has life-threatening injuries.

Your ambulance responds to a call for a 23-year-old female with extreme difficulty breathing. You are told by a family member that she is allergic to peanuts, and she just finished a meal at a local restaurant. She is pale, sitting in a tripod position, and is beginning to panic. She has an EpiPen, but it is not with her. A bystander happens to be allergic to bees, and is carrying her EpiPen. What should you do?

Call for ALS and try to meet them en route to the hospital.

Your patient is unresponsive following blunt trauma to the head. Which of the following is the EMT's first priority for an unresponsive patient?

D. Determine if CPR is indicated

Which of the following statements regarding febrile seizures is correct?

D. Febrile seizures pose little risk of permanent injury.

Esophageal varices typically occurs in patients with a history of:

D. alcohol abuse.

A nonrebreather mask should be administered to patients who:

D. are breathing adequately with signs of hypoxia.

Inadequate oxygen delivery to the body's tissues is called:

D. hypoxia.

Which of the following vessels carries deoxygenated blood?

D. pulmonary arteries.

Your patient has been exposed to a chemical that over-stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. You would expect this patient to exhibit:

D. vomiting.

While treating a patient for headache, nausea, and weakness, your eyes begin to water and you begin to feel nauseous. Your partner is feeling the same. What should you do?

Evacuate all people from the area/building.

Medical direction has to be given and transferred to the EMT-B by the physician himself. True or False?

FALSE

Which of the following is true of a patient with a brain injury?

Increased blood pressure, decreased pulse

How would you accurately evaluate the skin color of a dark-skinned patient?

Look at the color of the lips and nail beds.

What would be the LAST choice for ventilating a patient?

One-rescuer bag-valve-mask ventilation

You are called to the home of a woman in labor with her fourth child. She is full term, and her water has broken. When you examine her, you see a loop of umbilical cord protruding from the vaginal opening. How do you treat her?

Put the patient in a position with her knees to her chest, gently push the fetus away from the cord, and keep the cord moist while rapidly transporting.

Blind finger sweeps are NEVER performed on an infant or child. True or False?

TRUE

In a behavioral emergency, if a patient denies treatment, who is the best person(s) to give you advice on providing care against that patient's will if you believe he may harm himself or others?

Your medical director

If you are splinting a severely deformed extremity, or distal circulation is compromised or absent, you should:

align to anatomic position using gentle traction.

If you are instructed by medical control to provide active, rapid rewarming of areas of a patient's body affected by deep cold injury, this would be best accomplished by

applying warm, but not hot, circulating water to the affected areas

Forcing a competent adult patient to receive care and/or go to the hospital can result in ________ charges against the EMT-B.

assault and battery

Nerve agents and choking agents are examples of:

chemical agents

When treating an open abdominal injury with evisceration, you should:

not push the organ back into place, but cover with a moist, bulky dressing.

The right atrium of the heart:

receives blood from the venae cavae.

A common occurrence in a child with a very high or rapidly rising temperature is:

seizure.

A patient who has continuous seizures, one after another, is experiencing:

status epilepticus.

The pressure on the walls of an artery when the left ventricle contracts is:

systolic.