NUR 102 Exam 2
A nurse must administer an antiseptic douche to a client scheduled for a vaginal hysterectomy. Place the steps in the correct order. Click an option, hold and drag it to the desired position, or click an option to highlight it and move it up or down in the order using the arrows to the left. A. Administer 100°F (37.7°C) solution 2 in (5 cm) above the client's hip level. B. Separate the labia. C. Clean the vaginal orifice. D. Insert the douche nozzle 2 in (5 cm).
- Separate the labia. - Clean the vaginal orifice. - Insert the douche nozzle 2 in (5 cm). - Administer 100°F (37.7°C) solution 2 in (5 cm) above the client's hip level.
The nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure. Rank in chronological order the phases of acute renal failure. Use all the options. Click an option, hold and drag it to the desired position, or click an option to highlight it and move it up or down in the order using the arrows to the left. - initial insult - oliguric phase - diuretic phase - recovery phase
- initial insult - oliguric phase - diuretic phase - recovery phase
The nurse is preparing to administer penicillin VK 0.5 g to a child with glomerulonephritis. The nurse has available an oral solution of penicillin VK 250 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer with each dose? Record your answer using a whole number.
10 mL
A nurse is completing an intake and output record for a client who is receiving continuous bladder irrigation after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). How many milliliters of urine should the nurse record as output for his or her shift if the client received 1,800 mL of normal saline irrigating solution and the output in the urine drainage bag is 2,400 mL? Record your answer as a whole number.
600 mL
What is a bruit?
A rumbling sound you can hear over an AV fistula
What is a thrill?
A rumbling you can palpate over an AV fistula
The home health nurse visits an older adult client and their spouse to discuss home safety prior to discharge from the hospital. What information should the nurse focus on to optimize safety? A. "It's important to have good lighting and clear, even flooring surfaces." B. "Your spouse should avoid unsteady ladders and electrical appliances." C. "Be sure to properly store all plastic bags and install handrails on steps." D. "Test your smoke alarms, and avoid handling flammable liquids."
A. "It's important to have good lighting and clear, even flooring surfaces."
The nurse is reinforcing education about antihypertensive therapy with the parents of a child with glomerulonephritis. Which statement made by the parent indicates that further teaching is required? A. "My child will need to take antihypertensive drugs for the rest of his life." B. "I should be sure to keep my child's regular appointments." C. "I should watch my child for dizziness and lightheadedness." D. "I will administer the medication at the same time each day."
A. "My child will need to take antihypertensive drugs for the rest of his life."
A client comes to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset of sharp, severe pain in the lumbar region, which radiates around the side and toward the bladder. The client also reports nausea and vomiting and appears pale, diaphoretic, and anxious. The physician tentatively diagnoses renal calculi and orders flat-plate abdominal X-rays. Renal calculi can form anywhere in the urinary tract. The nursing instructor asks the student where is the common formation site? How should the student reply? A. "The most common renal calculi formation site is the kidney." B. "The most common renal calculi formation site is the ureter." C. "The most common renal calculi formation site is the bladder." D. "The most common renal calculi formation site is the urethra."
A. "The most common renal calculi formation site is the kidney."
A female client is diagnosed with condylomata acuminata (genital warts). What information is appropriate for the nurse to give provide to this client? A. "You will need regular Papanicolaou (Pap) test for follow up of this condition." B. "The most common treatment is metronidazole, which should eradicate the problem." C. "Transmission to your sexual partner is eliminated by using condoms for sexual intercourse." D. "The human papillomavirus (HPV) cannot be transmitted during oral sex."
A. "You will need regular Papanicolaou (Pap) test for follow up of this condition."
A client comes to the emergency department complaining of severe pain in the right flank, nausea, and vomiting. The physician tentatively diagnoses right ureterolithiasis (renal calculi). When planning this client's care, the nurse should assign highest priority to which nursing diagnosis? A. Acute pain B. Risk for infection C. Deficient knowledge related to medication regimen D. Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements
A. Acute pain
A client who had a nephrectomy 2 days ago is reporting abdominal pressure and nausea. Which action should the nurse take first? A. Auscultate bowel sounds. B. Palpate the abdomen. C. Measure abdominal girth. D. Review the 24-hour urine output.
A. Auscultate bowel sounds.
When caring for the child with Wilms tumor preoperatively, which nursing intervention would be most important? A. Avoid abdominal palpation. B. Closely monitor arterial blood gas (ABG) values. C. Prepare the child and family for long-term dialysis. D. Prepare the child and family for renal transplantation.
A. Avoid abdominal palpation.
A client reports experiencing vulvar pruritus. Which finding may indicate that the client has an infection caused by Candida albicans? A. Cottage cheese-like discharge B. Yellow-green discharge C. Gray-white discharge D. Discharge with a fishy odor
A. Cottage cheese-like discharge
A client with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) does not respond to medical treatment and is admitted to the facility for surgical intervention, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). In the postoperative period, the nurse reviews the laboratory values for which potential electrolyte imbalance? A. Hyponatremia B. Ketonuria C. Leukopenia D. Hypocalcemia
A. Hyponatremia
The nurse is assigned the care of a client with acute renal failure and hypernatremia. Which actions can be delegated to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? Select all that apply. A. Monitor for dehydration. B. Obtain and monitor vital signs. C. Administer IV fluid. D. Oral care every 4 hours. E. Urinary catheter insertion.
A. Monitor for dehydration.
When performing a scrotal examination, the nurse finds a nodule. What should the nurse do next? A. Notify the physician. B. Change the client's position and repeat the examination. C. Perform a rectal examination. D. Transilluminate the scrotum.
A. Notify the physician.
After collecting a urine specimen, which action by the nurse is most appropriate? A. Take the specimen to the laboratory immediately. B. Send the specimen to the laboratory on the scheduled run. C. Take the specimen to the laboratory on the nurse's next break. D. Keep the specimen in the refrigerator until it can be taken to the laboratory.
A. Take the specimen to the laboratory immediately.
A nurse is preparing a client for hysterosalpingography. Which education would the nurse reinforce for this client? Select all that apply. A. You will need to wear a perineal pad after the procedure. B. Do not drink anything by mouth after midnight the night before the procedure. C. You will be in the knee-chest position during the procedure. D. You will be in a dorsal recumbent position for 4 hours after the procedure. E. You will need to douche 24 hours after the procedure.
A. You will need to wear a perineal pad after the procedure. C. You will be in the knee-chest position during the procedure.
A 3-month-old infant is admitted to the hospital to rule out nonaccidental trauma. X-ray findings indicate a fractured right humerus, fractured ribs, and a fractured left scapula. In this situation, a nurse is responsible for: A. ensuring that the suspected child abuse is reported to local authorities. B. contacting the infant's next of kin to begin discharge planning. C. reporting the suspicions to the hospital's chief of pediatric services. D. contacting the local children's protective service office with an anonymous tip.
A. ensuring that the suspected child abuse is reported to local authorities.
The nurse is caring for a client with bladder cancer with an ileal conduit. What is a characteristic of the urine in the ostomy immediately postoperatively? Select all that apply. A. mucus threads in the urine B. dysuria C. urinary output > 30 mL per hour D. gross hematuria E. anuria
A. mucus threads in the urine C. urinary output > 30 mL per hour
The clinic nurse is working with clients with chronic renal disease secondary to diabetes. Which are symptoms of chronic renal disease? Select all that apply. A. nausea/vomiting B. urine output greater than 450ml/day C. increased appetite D. shortness of breath E. fatigue/weakness
A. nausea/vomiting D. shortness of breath E. fatigue/weakness
A nurse is reinforcing education to a client on how to prevent the development of phimosis. What is the priority education for this client? A. proper cleaning of the prepuce B. importance of regular ejaculation C. technique of testicular self-examination D. proper hand washing before touching the genitals
A. proper cleaning of the prepuce
The nurse is planning to administer a sodium polystyrene sulfonate enema to a client with a potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L. Correct administration and the effects of this enema would include having the client: A. retain the enema for 30 minutes to allow for sodium exchange; afterward, the client should have diarrhea. B. retain the enema for 30 minutes to allow for glucose exchange; afterward, the client should have diarrhea. C. retain the enema for 60 minutes to allow for sodium exchange; diarrhea isn't necessary to reduce the potassium level. D. retain the enema for 60 minutes to allow for glucose exchange; diarrhea isn't necessary to reduce the potassium level.
A. retain the enema for 30 minutes to allow for sodium exchange; afterward, the client should have diarrhea.
If an infant's I.V. access site is in an extremity, the nurse should: A. use a padded board to secure the extremity. B. restrain all four extremities. C. restrain the extremity to the bed's side rail. D. allow the extremity to be loose.
A. use a padded board to secure the extremity.
A female client with a history of four urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the past 3 months comes to the urology clinic reporting of burning and urinary urgency and frequency. A health care provider makes the diagnosis of UTI. Which instructions should the nurse give the client to help prevent recurring infections? Select all that apply. A. "Increase the intake of carbonated beverages." B. "Avoid using irritating substances such as bubble bath and scented toilet paper." C. "Change laundry detergents frequently." D. "Take antibiotics until symptoms abate." E. "Clean the perineal area from front to back."
B. "Avoid using irritating substances such as bubble bath and scented toilet paper." E. "Clean the perineal area from front to back."
A client with a urinary tract infection is prescribed co-trimoxazole. The nurse should provide which medication instruction? A. "Take the medication with food." B. "Drink at least eight 8-oz glasses of fluid daily." C. "Avoid taking antacids during co-trimoxazole therapy." D. "Don't be afraid to go out in the sun."
B. "Drink at least eight 8-oz glasses of fluid daily."
The nurse is gathering data from a female client that states she has had difficulty conceiving. Which statement made by the client would the nurse find most significant related to the difficulty getting pregnant? A. "I have used oral contraceptives for 2 years." B. "I had gonorrhea that went untreated for about 3 months." C. "I had iron deficiency anemia" D. "I was told I had the beginning of osteoporosis."
B. "I had gonorrhea that went untreated for about 3 months."
A nurse is obtaining data from a client with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which statement should the nurse expect the client to make? Select all that apply. A. "I urinate large amounts." B. "I need to urinate frequently." C. "It burns when I urinate." D. "My urine smells sweet." E. "I need to urinate urgently."
B. "I need to urinate frequently." C. "It burns when I urinate." E. "I need to urinate urgently."
After a nurse reinforces discharge education to the parents of a child with hypospadias, which statement by the parent indicates that additional education is needed? A. "I'll need to learn irrigation techniques." B. "I should bathe my child in the tub daily." C. "Proper catheter care helps prevent infection." D. "It's important to keep the catheter free of kinks and blockages."
B. "I should bathe my child in the tub daily."
The nurse is reinforcing education for a client who will be discharged from the hospital with an indwelling catheter. Which statement made by the client demonstrates an understanding of the education about prevention of infection? A. "I will limit my fluid intake to 16 oz per day." B. "I will take a shower instead of a tub bath." C. "I will open the drainage system if I have to bring a urine specimen to the lab." D. "I will irrigate the catheter twice daily with sterile saline solution."
B. "I will take a shower instead of a tub bath."
A client undergoes extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Before discharge, the nurse should provide which instruction? A. "Take your temperature every 4 hours." B. "Increase your fluid intake to 2 to 3 L per day." C. "Apply an antibacterial dressing to the incision daily." D. "Be aware that your urine will be cherry red for 5 to 7 days."
B. "Increase your fluid intake to 2 to 3 L per day."
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who was admitted with a hip fracture. The client is occasionally confused and has incidents of urinary incontinence. The nurse overhears the unlicensed assistive personnel state, "I am tired of changing that client's bed linen because she can't hold her urine. The client is with it mentally most of the time." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A. "This may be because the client can't get out of bed because of the hip fracture." B. "Let's go to a private area so that we can talk more about your frustration." C. "Can you tell me more about why you are so upset about changing the client's linen?" D. "Tell me what makes you feel that way about older adults with urinary incontinence?"
B. "Let's go to a private area so that we can talk more about your frustration."
When explaining to the parents the optimal time for repair of hypospadias, the nurse should indicate which as the age of choice? A. 1 week B. 6 to 18 months C. 2 years D. 4 years
B. 6 to 18 months
The physician prescribes norfloxacin, 400 mg by mouth twice daily, for a client with a urinary tract infection (UTI). The client asks the nurse how long to continue taking the drug. The nurse advises the client to take the medication for how many days? A. 3 to 5 days B. 7 to 10 days C. 12 to 14 days D. 10 to 21 days
B. 7 to 10 days
The nurse just received the shift report on her group of clients. Based on the information she received, which client should she assess first? A. A client who is being discharged after breakfast B. A client who underwent a right nephrectomy yesterday and is complaining of pain C. A client who is awaiting a cystoscopic examination D. A client with a temperature of 101° F (38.3° C)
B. A client who underwent a right nephrectomy yesterday and is complaining of pain
When preparing to feed an infant with pyloric stenosis, which intervention should the nurse give highest priority? A. Give feedings quickly. B. Burp the infant frequently. C. Discourage parental participation. D. Discontinue feedings if the infant vomits.
B. Burp the infant frequently.
A client tells a nurse that her ileoconduit appliance won't adhere to her skin. The nurse inspects the site and notes that the area around the stoma is red, moist, and tender to touch. How should the nurse intervene? A. Obtain a wound culture. B. Consult the wound-ostomy nurse. C. Pat the site dry and apply a new appliance. D. Apply a skin adhesive spray and then a new appliance.
B. Consult the wound-ostomy nurse.
A client with an indwelling catheter asked the nurse to remove the catheter. Which first intervention is best when removing an indwelling catheter? A. Use Betadine to clean the meatus before removing the catheter. B. Deflate the balloon before removing the catheter. C. Wash the genitals with soap and water before removing the catheter. D. Gently pull the catheter to remove it from the meatus.
B. Deflate the balloon before removing the catheter.
A nurse is reinforcing education to a client with prostatitis who is receiving co-trimoxazole double strength. Which education is appropriate for this client? A. Do not expect improvement of symptoms for 7 to 10 days. B. Drink six to eight glasses of fluid daily while taking this medication. C. If a sore mouth or throat develops, take the medication with milk or an antacid. D. Use a sunscreen of at least SPF-15 with PABA to protect against drug-induced photosensitivity.
B. Drink six to eight glasses of fluid daily while taking this medication.
A client is injected with radiographic contrast medium and immediately shows signs of dyspnea, flushing, and pruritus. Which intervention should take priority? A. Check vital signs. B. Make sure the airway is patent. C. Apply a cold pack to the IV site. D. Call the health care provider.
B. Make sure the airway is patent.
Which finding indicates that oxycodone given to a client with breast cancer that has metastasized to the bone is exerting the desired effect? A. Bone density is increased. B. Pain is 0 to 2 on a 10-point scale. C. Alpha-fetoprotein level is decreased. D. Serum calcium level is within normal range.
B. Pain is 0 to 2 on a 10-point scale.
After having a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), a client returns to the unit with a three-way indwelling urinary catheter and continuous closed bladder irrigation. Which data collected by the nurse suggests that the client's catheter is occluded? A. The urine in the drainage bag appears pink. B. The client reports bladder spasms and the urge to void. C. The normal saline irrigant is infusing at a rate of 50 gtt/minute. D. About 1,000 mL of irrigant have been instilled, and 1,200 mL of drainage have been returned.
B. The client reports bladder spasms and the urge to void.
A client with bladder cancer had the bladder removed and an ileal conduit created for urine diversion. While changing this client's pouch, the nurse observes that the area around the stoma is red, weeping, and painful. What should the nurse conclude? A. The skin was not lubricated before the pouch was applied. B. The pouch faceplate does not fit the stoma. C. A skin barrier was applied properly. D. Stoma dilation was not performed.
B. The pouch faceplate does not fit the stoma.
A client with an indwelling urinary catheter is suspected of having a urinary tract infection. Which technique should the nurse use to collect a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity? A. Disconnect the tubing from the urinary catheter, and let the urine flow into a sterile container. B. Wipe the self-sealing aspiration port with antiseptic solution, and aspirate urine with a sterile needle. C. Open the drain on the urine collection bag, and allow it to drain into a sterile container. D. Clamp the tubing for 60 minutes, and insert a sterile needle into the tubing above the clamp to aspirate urine.
B. Wipe the self-sealing aspiration port with antiseptic solution, and aspirate urine with a sterile needle.
A client with dysuria is prescribed phenazopyridine. The nurse should advise the client that his urine will: A. increase in volume. B. appear orange. C. smell pungent. D. be more concentrated.
B. appear orange.
A client with chronic renal failure who receives hemodialysis three times weekly has a hemoglobin (Hb) level of 7 g/dl. The most therapeutic pharmacologic intervention would be to administer: A. immune globulin. B. epoetin alfa. C. filgrastim. D. enoxaparin.
B. epoetin alfa.
A client admitted for acute pyelonephritis is about to start antibiotic therapy. Which symptom would the nurse expect to find in this client? A. hypertension B. flank pain on the affected side C. pain that radiates toward the unaffected side D. no tenderness with deep palpation over the costovertebral angle
B. flank pain on the affected side
A client comes to the outpatient department complaining of vaginal discharge, dysuria, and genital irritation. Suspecting a sexually transmitted disease (STD), the physician orders diagnostic testing of the vaginal discharge. Which STD must be reported to the public health department? A. bacterial vaginitis B. gonorrhea C. genital herpes D. human papillomavirus (HPV)
B. gonorrhea
A client with a history of chronic renal failure is admitted with pulmonary edema following a missed dialysis treatment yesterday. The client's laboratory results are serum potassium 6.0 mEq/L, serum sodium 130 mEq/L, and serum bicarbonate 18 mEq/L. The nurse interprets that the client has which condition? A. alkalemia B. hyperkalemia C. hypernatremia D. hypokalemia
B. hyperkalemia
A physician enters a computer order for a nurse to irrigate a client's nephrostomy tube every 4 hours to maintain patency. The nurse irrigates the tube using sterile technique. After irrigating the tube, the nurse decides that she can safely use the same irrigation set for her 8-hour shift if she covers the set with a paper, sterile drape. This action by the nurse is A. appropriate because the irrigation just checks for patency. B. inappropriate because irrigation requires strict sterile technique. C. appropriate because the irrigation set will be used only during an 8-hour period. D. inappropriate because the sterile drape must be cloth, not paper.
B. inappropriate because irrigation requires strict sterile technique.
A nurse is caring for a client with acute pyelonephritis. Which nursing intervention is the most important? A. administering a sitz bath twice per day B. increasing fluid intake to 3 L/day C. using an indwelling urinary catheter to measure urine output accurately D. encouraging the client to drink cranberry juice to acidify the urine
B. increasing fluid intake to 3 L/day
The nurse is collecting data on a 6-year old child. The child reports dysuria and urgency. The parent reports that the child has recently had some enuresis. The nurse recognizes these as signs and symptoms of which condition? A. nephrotic syndrome B. urinary tract infection C. acute glomerulonephritis D. obstructive uropathy
B. urinary tract infection
The nurse is gathering data from a client who states, "I do not know what is wrong, but my urine has a very strong odor." The client's urinalysis, vital signs, and physical assessment findings are within normal ranges. Which finding, given by the client, may suggest to the nurse the reason for the client's strong urine odor? A. "I keep my blood sugar around 120." B. "I usually drink 8 glasses of water a day." C. "I eat asparagus 3 to 4 times a week." D. "I supplement my diet with vitamin C."
C. "I eat asparagus 3 to 4 times a week."
When the nurse is reinforcing education about fluid intake with the parents of a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI), which statement by a parent would indicate the need for further education? A. "I should encourage my child to drink about 50 mL per pound of body weight daily." B. "Clear liquids should be the primary liquids that my child drinks." C. "I should offer my child carbonated beverages about every 2 hours." D. "My child should avoid drinking caffeinated beverages."
C. "I should offer my child carbonated beverages about every 2 hours."
A client with nephritis is taking the diuretic furosemide as prescribed. To avoid potassium depletion, the nurse reinforces education on prevention techniques. Which client statement indicates an accurate understanding of this education? A. "I'll avoid consuming magnesium-rich foods." B. "I'll watch for, and report signs of, hypercalcemia." C. "I'll eat such foods as apricots, dates, and citrus fruits." D. "I'll take furosemide with the usual dose of my antihypertensive drug.
C. "I'll eat such foods as apricots, dates, and citrus fruits."
A client with nephritis is taking the diuretic furosemide as prescribed. To avoid potassium depletion, the nurse reinforces education on prevention techniques. Which client statement indicates an accurate understanding of this education? A. "I'll avoid consuming magnesium-rich foods." B. "I'll watch for, and report signs of, hypercalcemia." C. "I'll eat such foods as apricots, dates, and citrus fruits." D. "I'll take furosemide with the usual dose of my antihypertensive drug."
C. "I'll eat such foods as apricots, dates, and citrus fruits."
The NICU nurse is caring for an infant with heart failure. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate? A. Limit fluid intake. B. Avoid using infant seats. C. Cluster nursing activities. D. Place the infant prone or supine.
C. Cluster nursing activities.
Which intervention should a nurse recommend to parents of young girls to help prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs)? A. Limit bathing as much as possible. B. Increase fluids and decrease salt intake. C. Dress the child in cotton underpants. D. Educate the child about cleaning her perineum from back to front.
C. Dress the child in cotton underpants.
The nurse observes small white nodules on the roof of an infant's mouth. Which term will the nurse use when describing this finding to the health care provider? A. melasma B. milia C. Epstein pearls D. erythema toxicum
C. Epstein pearls
Which intervention might safely prevent constipation in a client who has end-stage ovarian cancer and requires high doses of opioids to control pain? A. Instructing the client to avoid consuming alcohol B. Telling the client to avoid taking over-the-counter medications C. Explaining the importance of increasing the intake of fiber and fluids D. Informing the client that taking laxatives routinely might help
C. Explaining the importance of increasing the intake of fiber and fluids
The nurse is caring for a 21 kg child with a urinary tract infection. The health care provider has ordered amoxicillin 750 mg by mouth every 8 hours. The recommended pediatric dosage is 40 to 90 mg/kg/day in two to three divided doses. Which action should the nurse take? A. Administer the medication in 4 ounces of juice. B. Do not begin the antibiotic therapy until the culture and sensitivity results are final. C. Hold the medication and notify the health care provider that the dose exceeds the recommended range. D. Administer the medication by injection if the child is uncooperative and refuses the oral medication.
C. Hold the medication and notify the health care provider that the dose exceeds the recommended range.
A nurse is providing postprocedure care for a client who underwent percutaneous lithotripsy. Which instruction should the nurse give to the client? A. Limit oral fluid intake for a 1- to 2-week period after the procedure. B. Report the presence of fine, sand-like particles in the nephrostomy tube. C. Notify the primary care provider about cloudy or foul-smelling urine. D. Report bright pink urine within the first 24 hours after the procedure.
C. Notify the primary care provider about cloudy or foul-smelling urine.
A client with renal failure is undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for this client? A. Sexual dysfunction B. Toileting self-care deficit C. Risk for infection D. Activity intolerance
C. Risk for infection
Parents ask the nurse about the prognosis of their child diagnosed with Wilms tumor. The nurse should base the response on which factor? A. Usually children with Wilms tumor need only surgical intervention. B. Survival rates for Wilms tumor are the lowest among childhood cancers. C. Survival rates for Wilms tumor are the highest among childhood cancers. D. Children with localized tumor have only a 30% chance of cure with multimodal therapy.
C. Survival rates for Wilms tumor are the highest among childhood cancers.
A client with suspected renal insufficiency is scheduled for a comprehensive diagnostic workup. The nurse develops a teaching plan to explain the diagnostic tests. Which portion of the kidney does the nurse plan to include as the "working" or functional unit? A. The glomerulus B. Bowman's capsule C. The nephron D. The tubular system
C. The nephron
The nurse is discussing prevention of toxic shock syndrome in a group of adolescent females. Which instruction is the most important to this group? A. Avoid douching. B. Wear loose cotton underwear. C. Use pads, not tampons, overnight. D. Avoid sexual intercourse during menses
C. Use pads, not tampons, overnight.
The clinic nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client diagnosed with acute renal failure. What two values reflect the kidney's ability to excrete waste? A. creatinine and sodium B. chloride and red blood cell (RBC) C. blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine D. potassium and white blood cell (WBC)
C. blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
A client in the short-procedure unit is recovering from renal angiography in which a femoral puncture site was used. When providing postprocedure care, the nurse should: A. keep the client's knee on the affected side bent for 6 hours. B. apply pressure to the puncture site for 30 minutes. C. check the client's pedal pulses frequently. D. remove the dressing on the puncture site after vital signs stabilize.
C. check the client's pedal pulses frequently.
In which group is it most important for the client to understand the importance of an annual Papanicolaou (Pap) test? A. clients with a history of recurrent candidiasis B. clients with a pregnancy before age 20 C. clients infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV) D. clients with a long history of oral contraceptive use
C. clients infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV)
x A client reports an intermittent milky vaginal discharge. The client is not sexually active and does not report itching or burning. Which factor is the most likely cause of the milky discharge? A. inadequate cleaning of the perineal area B. sensitivity to a feminine hygiene product C. normal fluctuation in estrogen and progesterone levels D. reaction to heat and moisture from wearing tight clothing
C. normal fluctuation in estrogen and progesterone levels
A child has been sent to the school nurse for wetting her pants three times in the past 2 days. The nurse should recommend that this child be evaluated for which complication? A. school phobia B. emotional trauma C. urinary tract infection D. structural defect of the urinary tract
C. urinary tract infection
The parent of a neonate born with hypospadias is sharing feelings of guilt about this anomaly with a nurse. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "You should not feel guilty; there is nothing you could have done." B. "Maybe you need to talk to a specialist to see if it is hereditary." C. "It is a waste of time to worry; you need to concentrate on taking care of your baby." D. "Do you want to talk about how you have been feeling?"
D. "Do you want to talk about how you have been feeling?"
A nurse is reinforcing education to a client diagnosed with renal calculi. Which statement made by the client suggests further instruction is indicated? A. "I should contact my health care provider if I develop flank pain again." B. "I should contact my health care provider if I see blood in my urine." C. "I should avoid foods that are high in calcium." D. "I do not need to limit my intake of tea or cola."
D. "I do not need to limit my intake of tea or cola."
A client is frustrated and embarrassed by urinary incontinence. Which of the following measures should the nurse include in a bladder retraining program? A. Establishing a predetermined fluid intake pattern for the client B. Encouraging the client to increase the time between voidings C. Restricting fluid intake to reduce the need to void D. Assessing present elimination patterns
D. Assessing present elimination patterns
A client with chronic renal failure has a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. What should the nurse assess first? A. Blood pressure B. Respirations C. Temperature D. Cardiac rhythm
D. Cardiac rhythm
A client had a transurethral prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). He is currently being treated with continuous bladder irrigation and is reporting an increase in severity of bladder spasms. What should the nurse do first for this client? A. Administer an oral analgesic. B. Stop the irrigation and call the health care provider. C. Administer a belladonna and opium suppository as ordered by the health care provider. D. Check for the presence of clots, and make sure the catheter is draining properly.
D. Check for the presence of clots, and make sure the catheter is draining properly.
The nurse is preparing for the discharge of a neonate with a cleft lip and palate. Which nursing instruction is of highest priority? A. Cleanse face following feeding B. Administer supplemental vitamins C. Apply a dressing to the lip D. Establish a feeding technique
D. Establish a feeding technique
A client with decreased urine output refractory to fluid challenges is evaluated for renal failure. Which condition may cause the intrinsic (intrarenal) form of acute renal failure? A. Poor perfusion to the kidneys B. Damage to cells in the adrenal cortex C. Obstruction of the urinary collecting system D. Nephrotoxic injury secondary to use of contrast media
D. Nephrotoxic injury secondary to use of contrast media
The nurse is inserting an indwelling catheter into a female client before a surgical procedure. There is difficulty with the insertion and the nurse inserts the catheter into the vagina. Which action by the nurse should be performed next? A. Remove the catheter and reinsert into the urethra. B. Notify the charge nurse that the catheter is unable to be inserted. C. Obtain a smaller diameter catheter and attempt again. D. Perform the procedure again using a new catheter and kit.
D. Perform the procedure again using a new catheter and kit.
A client is admitted with severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea and is hypotensive. There is severe oliguria with elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. For which treatment option should the nurse prepare the client? A. Encourage oral fluids. B. Give furosemide 20 mg IV. C. Start hemodialysis after temporary access is obtained. D. Start IV fluid of normal saline solution bolus followed by a maintenance dose.
D. Start IV fluid of normal saline solution bolus followed by a maintenance dose.
A nurse is caring for a client with renal failure who is reporting nausea. Which factor best explains how nausea is related to renal failure? A. oliguria B. gastric ulcer C. electrolyte imbalance D. accumulation of metabolic wastes
D. accumulation of metabolic wastes
When a client returns from the operating room after undergoing a left nephrectomy, a nurse must make sure that urine is draining through the client's indwelling urinary catheter. This assessment is important for this client because it: A. helps determine the volume of I.V. fluid the client requires. B. monitors bladder control. C. prevents the client from dehydrating. D. assesses function of the remaining kidney.
D. assesses function of the remaining kidney.
A nurse is examining the following laboratory values in the chart of a client with chronic renal failure. Which value indicates that hemodialysis is an effective treatment for this client? A. red blood cells (RBCs) B. white blood cells (WBCs) C. calcium D. blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
D. blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
The student nurse is studying about a child with acute glomerulonephritis. Which child would be most likely to develop the disease? A. child who had pneumonia a month ago B. child who was bitten by a brown spider C. child who shows no signs of periorbital edema D. child who had a streptococcal infection 2 weeks ago
D. child who had a streptococcal infection 2 weeks ago
The healthcare provider prescribes sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for a female client who reports burning on urination, frequency, and voiding small amounts of urine. The nurse should anticipate reinforcing teaching for which additional medication? A. nitrofurantoin B. ibuprofen C. acetaminophen with codeine D. phenazopyridine
D. phenazopyridine
The nurse is working on a pediatrics unit. Which intervention for a 6-year-old who still wets the bed would be best assigned to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? A. discussing research related to hypnotics with the mother B. administering a prescribed dose of a tricyclic antidepressant C. reaching the mother about moisture alarm devices D. reminding the child to use the bathroom before going to bed
D. reminding the child to use the bathroom before going to bed
A nurse is monitoring a child with vesicoureteral reflux. Which condition should the nurse be alert for as a potential complication? A. glomerulonephritis B. hemolytic uremia syndrome C. nephrotic syndrome D. renal damage
D. renal damage
When gathering data on a preschool child, which observation indicates that a child has a potential Wilms tumor? A. pain in the abdomen B. fever greater than 104° F (40° C) C. decreased blood pressure D. swelling within the abdomen
D. swelling within the abdomen
Urinary incontinence that happens when the bladder overfills with urine and is not able to release it is referred to as ______________. A. Transient incontinence B. True incontinence C. Stress incontinence D. Reflex incontinence E. Overflow incontinence
E. Overflow incontinence - Transient incontinence refers to incontinence that can be reversed with diagnosis and treatment. - True or total incontinence is defined as urinary leakage that is nearly continuous. Stress incontinence is urinary leakage following a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure. - Reflex incontinence is caused by bladder instability as a result of upper motor lesions or neuropathies.
True or false: a urinalysis sample need not be refrigerated after being obtained.
False - Bacteria in a urinalysis sample will reproduce if the specimen is not refrigerated shortly after being obtained. - To prevent false readings, biologic specimens (urine, stool, wounds) are processed according to facility protocols.
True or false: whenever a client has a cannula placement, he or she should have a single clamp attached to the dressing.
False - Cannula separation is a life-threatening emergency. The client can exsanguinate in a matter of minutes. - Whenever a client has a cannula placement, he or she should be taught to have two clamps always attached to the dressing, to clamp the ends of the separated cannula quickly until they can be reattached.
True or false: in the proximal convoluted tubule, salts are concentrated by osmosis.
False - In the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) glucose, amino acids, and salts are actively transported across membranes and returned to the blood. In the loop of Henle (nephron loop), water is reabsorbed by osmosis resulting in concentration of salts.
What is diffusion?
Movement of solute
What is osmosis?
Movement of solvent (water across semipermeable membrane)
What is filtration?
Movement of solvent and solute through membrane due to hydrostatic pressure
True or false: in case of minor urologic surgical procedures, aggressive client and family teaching is required.
True - Because many diagnostic and minor urologic surgical procedures are performed on an outpatient basis, aggressive client and family teaching is required. - Clients and families must know how to perform preoperative preparation, and untoward signs to look for after the procedure. This teaching must be carefully documented.
True or false: a person with kidney disease may be short of breath, anemic, or chronically fatigued.
True - Healthy kidney produces the hormone erythropoietin, which is necessary for production of red blood cells. - A person with kidney disease may be short of breath, anemic, or chronically fatigued because he or she does not have enough hemoglobin molecules to carry oxygen.
True or false: a client with chronic renal failure could show signs of anemia.
True - In chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the kidneys do not function properly, so adequate erythropoietin is not produced. This usually results in anemia, a common finding in these clients. Many clients with ESRD receive synthetic erythropoietin (epoietin alfa) to alleviate anemia.
True or false: foods ingested can alter the acidity or alkalinity of urine.
True - Urine is normally acidic, with a pH of about 6 (pH range: 4.5-8). Foods ingested can alter the acidity or alkalinity, color, and odor of urine. Foods that will acidify urine include cranberries, meat, and a high-protein diet. - Foods that will alkalinize urine include citrus fruits, dairy products, and legumes.
