NUR 111 Anatomy & Physiology HW CH.13`

What hormone stimulates calcium deposition into bone? A) Calcitonin B) Parathyroid hormone C) Thyroxine D) Insulin

A) Calcitonin

Why is cortisol useful in controlling inflammatory reactions? A) Cortisol decreases the permeability of capillaries. B) Cortisol increases synthesis of prostaglandins. C) Cortisol destabilizes lysosomal membranes. D) Cortisol decreases blood flow to area of inflammation.

A) Cortisol decreases the permeability of capillaries.

What is the action of insulin? A) Decreases concentration of blood glucose B) Decreases permeability of cell membranes to glucose C) Increases breakdown of glycogen to release glucose D) Increases concentration of blood glucose

A) Decreases concentration of blood glucose

A female patient is experiencing a hormonal imbalance that results in low estrogen production, causing her to skip menstrual periods and not to ovulate. Which of the following is most likely the imbalanced hormone? A) Follicle-stimulating hormone B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone C) Prolactin-releasing factor D) Growth hormone

A) Follicle-stimulating hormone

Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. What effect did alcohol have on the hormonal control of urination? A) It inhibited secretion of ADH, B) It stimulated secretion of ADH. C) It inhibited secretion of ACTH. D) It stimulated secretion of ACTH,

A) It inhibited secretion of ADH,

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions? A) Pancreas B) Anterior pituitary C) Liver D) Thyroid gland

A) Pancreas

Molecules that are produced within one tissue that then regulate another tissue within e same organ are called secretions. A) autocrine B) paracrine C) endocrine D) exocrine

A) autocrine

What stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex? A) Thyroid hormone B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone C) Antidiuretic hormone D) Epinephrine

B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of what condition? A) Hypothyroidism B) Hyperthyroidism C) Hypoparathyroidism D) Hyperparathyroidism

B) Hyperthyroidism

Where are hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary synthesized? A) Posterior pituitary B) Hypothalamus C) Thalamus D) Anterior pituitary

B) Hypothalamus

What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland? A) Dopamine B) Melatonin C) Epinephrine D) Beta endorphin

B) Melatonin

What controls most hormone concentrations? A) Positive feedback B) Negative feedback C) Muscle contraction D) Exposure to sun

B) Negative feedback

Choose the example that demonstrates a positive feedback loop of hormonal control. A) A gland releases a hormone that causes free blood glucose to be collected and stored after a meal. After a time, the gland detects low free blood glucose and ceases production of the hormone. B) Pressure receptors sense the movement of a baby against and through the cervix during labor. They stimulate the hypothalamus to release a hormone that causes uterine contractions. This causes more pressure receptor stimulation, leading to larger releases of the hormone and stronger, more frequent contractions. Hormone release ceases after pressure sensations cease. C) A hormone that increases blood pressure is released. Baroreceptors in the arteries sense the pressure change and stimulate the brainstem to send signals to dilate blood vessels and counter the effect, decreasing blood pressure. D) A hormone is released from the hypothalamus, stimulating the anterior pituitary gland to release another hormone that is involved in metabolism. The flow of that hormone back to the hypothalamus inhibits the production of the first hormone in the pathway, also ceasing the production of the metabolism-influencing hormone.

B) Pressure receptors sense the movement of a baby against and through the cervix during labor. They stimulate the hypothalamus to release a hormone that causes uterine contractions. This causes more pressure receptor stimulation, leading to larger releases of the hormone and stronger, more frequent contractions. Hormone release ceases after pressure sensations cease.

What can cause down regulation of a target cell? A) Prolonged decreased concentration of a hormone B) Prolonged elevated concentration of a hormone C) Signals from inhibitory hormones D) Signals from the posterior pituitary

B) Prolonged elevated concentration of a hormone

Diabetes insipidus is caused by ________________. A) insulin deficiency B) excess insulin C) ADH deficiency D) excess ADH

C) ADH deficiency

Where is the pineal gland located? A) Behind the thyroid gland B) Attached to an adrenal gland C) Attached to the thalamus D) In the pancreas

C) Attached to the thalamus

The use of erythropoietin (EPO) is banned for use by Olympic and professional athletes. Why would an athlete what to take EPO? A) EPO decreases the number of red blood cells. B) EPO increases the number of white blood cells. C) EPO increases the number of red blood cells. D) EPO adds protein to plasma.

C) EPO increases the number of red blood cells.

How do exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands? A) Exocrine glands secrete substances into the bloodstream. B) Exocrine glands secrete local hormones. C) Exocrine glands secrete through ducts or tubes to a free surface. D) Exocrine glands only secrete salts.

C) Exocrine glands secrete through ducts or tubes to a free surface.

What is the action of glucagon? A) Increased production of fat B) Increased permeability of the cell membrane to glucose C) Increased blood glucose concentration D) Increased in glycogen production

C) Increased blood glucose concentration

What hormone is produced in response to the absence of light in the environment and is associated with circadian rhythms? A) Serotonin B) Acetylcholine C) Melatonin D) Dopamine

C) Melatonin

A night-shift worker experiences extreme difficulty falling asleep due to being exposed to bright lights during both night and day. The unusual pattern of light exposure is disturbing their _________________ which is controlled by the hormone __________________. A) metabolic rate; thyroxine B) circulatory system; dopamine C) circadian rhythm; melatonin D) limbic system; thymosin

C) circadian rhythm; melatonin

As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine _____________ and blood concentrations of cortisol _____________. A) increase; decrease B) decrease; increase C) increase; increase D) decrease; decrease

C) increase; increase

a hormone is a ____________ and the target cell is __________. A) protein that stimulates other cells; the source of hormone secretions B) regulatory molecule that controls secretions of other cells; a cell that synthesizes hormones C) molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones D) molecule; a cell that does not have receptors

C) molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones

What do nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete? A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone C) Growth hormone D) Antidiuretic hormone

D) Antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla? A) Mineralocorticoid B) Glucocorticoid C) Aldosterone D) Epinephrine

D) Epinephrine

What is a common symptom of Graves' Disease? A) Weight gain B) Increased thirst C) Decreased appetite D) Goiter

D) Goiter

Concentration of growth hormone is not constant throughout life. When do fluctuations in blood levels occur? A) Increases in females after menopause B) Varies greatly in males during adulthood C) Decreases at puberty and increases after adolescence D) Increases at puberty and levels off after adolescence

D) Increases at puberty and levels off after adolescence

The opposing roles of the thyroid and parathyroid hormones maintain the balance of calcium and phosphate ions in the blood. What will happen if the parathyroid gland develops a defect that prevents PTH secretion? A) The amount of calcium ions and phosphate ions in the blood will increase. B) The amount of calcium ions in the blood will increase and the amount of phosphate ions will decrease. C) The amount of calcium ions in the blood will decrease and the amount of phosphate ions will increase. D) The amount of calcium ions and phosphate ions in the blood will decrease.

D) The amount of calcium ions and phosphate ions in the blood will decrease.

Which of the following will increase as a result to stress? A) Activity of the spleen and other lymphatic organs B) Number of lymphocytes in the blood C) Resistance to infections D) blood pressure

D) blood pressure

An unregulated cell has an increase in____________. A) the amount of DNA in the nucleus B) the number of molecules the cell secretes C) the concentration of ligands that bind to the receptors D) the number of receptors available for binding

D) the number of receptors available for binding