NUR 301 exam 3
posterior pituitary
secretes ADH
exocrine
secretes hormones through ducts outside of bloodstream
urosepsis
serious complication of UTI; has spread to systemic circulation
polyp
small cell clump
Billroth procedure 2
stomach connected to first part of jejunum
Borborygmi
stomach growling
striae
stretch marks (Cushing's)
urge incontinence
sudden urge to urinate
bariatric surgery
surgery for patients with obesity
total proctocolectomy
surgical removal of the colon, rectum and anus
negative feedback
the counteraction of an effect by its own influence on the process giving rise to it, as when a high level of a particular hormone in the blood may inhibit further secretion of that hormone
functional incontinence
the person has bladder control but cannot use the toilet in time (ex: broken leg on crutches)
Dialysis/Dialysate
the process of removing excess water, solutes, and toxins from the blood in people whose kidneys can no longer perform these functions naturally substances move from blood through a semipermeable membrane and into a dialysate
SIADH
too much ADH
florinef
treatment for Addison's disease
hydrocortisone
treatment for Addison's disease; life-long
normal saline 3%
treatment for SIADH
calcium oxalate
type of kidney stone (most common), crystals
ileal conduit
use of a small piece of small intestine to convey urine to the ureters and to a stoma in the abdomen
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
used for neurogenic DI
lithotripsy
uses shock waves to break up stones
hematemesis
vomiting blood
nocturia
waking up at night to urinate
ADH
water regulator
stress incontinence
when coughing, sneezing, running, etc.
cushing syndrome
when too much cortisol is made by the body itself; steroids
barium enema
x-ray exam that can detect changes/abnormalities in the large intestine
KUB x-ray
x-ray of abdomen and pelvis
barium swallow
x-ray of the esophagus only
upper GI series
x-ray of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the patient has swallowed a contrast medium (barium is most commonly used)
retrograde pyelogram
x-ray to look at urinary system; done if IVP wasn't adequate/patient has contrast allergy/decreased renal function
serum osmolality
275-290
Urine osmolality
500-800
creatinine clearance
85-135; you have to get a 24-hour urine specimen; the volume of blood that the kidneys are able to filter in a given time; indirectly measures GFR
A nurse is assessing the urine of a patient with a UTI. For which characteristic should the nurse assess each specimen of urine? A) clarity B) viscosity C) glucose level D) specific gravity
A
A nurse is providing preop teaching to a patient undergoing an open chole. Which topic should the nurse include in the teaching plan? A) increase respiratory effectiveness B) eliminate the need for nasogastric intubation C) improve nutritional status during recovery D) decrease the amount of postop analgesia needed
A
A nurse is teaching a patient how to irrigate his sigmoid colostomy. Which action indicates that the patient needs more teaching? A) hanging the irrigation bag 24" to 36" above stoma B) filling irrigation bag with 500 to 1000 mL of lukewarm water C) insert cone tip about 3 inches into stoma D) stopping irrigation for cramps and clamping the tubing until cramps pass
A
A patient with cholecystitis has a gallstone lodged in their common bile duct. When assessing the patient, the nurse expects to note: A) yellow sclera B) light amber urine C) reduced hematocrit D) elevated urobilinogen in urine
A
As part of the treatment plan, a patient is prescribed steroids to treat ulcerative colitis. The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following? A) peptic ulcer B) hypoglycemia C) tachycardia D) renal failure
A
Diagnostic testing of a patient with CKD has been ordered. A creatinine clearance test has been ordered to gauge the progression of the disease. The nurse understands that this test reflects what aspect of the kidney structure and function? A) the volume of blood that the kidneys are able to filter in a given time B) the kidneys' ability to accommodate changes in blood pH C) the locations in the renal tubules where excretion/resorption are occurring D)the combined volume and the renal pelvis and the ureters
A
Giving his admitting diagnosis (SIADH), which nursing action is appropriate while caring for this patient? A) monitor neuro status q 2 hours B) encouraging PO fluid intake C) teach the patient receiving treatment with diuretics to restrict sodium intake D) notify the HCP if the BP decreases more than 10
A
The nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage kidney disease. What ABG results are most closely associated with this disorder? A) pH 7.20, PaCO2 36, HCO3 14 B) pH 7.31, PaCO2 48, HCO3 24 C) pH 7.47, PaCO2 45, HCO3 33 D) pH 7.50, PaCO2 29, HCO3 22
A
The patient has severe diarrhea for several days. Which acid-base imbalance can the nurse anticipate to note in this patient? A) metabolic acidosis B) respiratory acidosis C) metabolic alkalosis D) respiratory alkalosis
A
Upon physical assessment of Mrs. McBride (Cushing's), the nurse would expect to find: A) HTN, glucose intolerance and petechiae B) weight loss, buffalo hump, and moon face w/acne C) abdominal and butt striae, truncal obesity, and hypotension D) anorexia, signs of dehydration, hyper pigmentation
A
What instruction regarding sample collection should the nurse give a patient who is ordered a clean-catch urine specimen? A) urinate a small amount, stop flow, fill half of cup B) collect the last urine sample voided in the night C) keep urine sample in dry warm area if delay is anticipated D) send urine sample to lab within 6 hours of collection
A
Which finding in the patient's recent history would most likely relate to his admitting diagnosis (SIADH)? A) tumor noted in LLL on CXR B) history of chronic a fib C) 50% blockage noted of LAD D) calcium stone noticed in renal pelvis
A
Which goal is most important for a patient with acute pancreatitis? A) the patient reports minimal abdominal pain B) the patient regains a normal pattern for bowel movements C) the patient limits alcohol intake to 2-3 drinks per week D) the patient maintains normal liver function
A
Which of the following interventions would be the most appropriate for preventing the development of a paralytic ileus in a patient who has under gone abdominal surgery? A) encourage the patient to ambulate every 2-4 hours B) encourage use of stool softener C) continue IV fluid therapy D) offer 3-4 oz. of a carbonated beverage q 2-4 hours
A
when planning care for a patient with hepatitis, the nurse should review lab reports for which lab value? A) prolonged prothrombin time B) decreased blood glucose C) elevated serum potassium level D) decreased serum calcium level
A
Which signs and symptoms would be consistent with Addisonian crisis? Select all A) Hypotension B) Tachycardia C) Hypervolemia D) Hyperkalemia E) Hypoglycemia
A, B, D, E
A nurse is caring for a patient following gastric bypass. At the 6 week appointment, the patient reports symptoms of nausea, abdominal pain and cramping following meals and shakiness and sweating up to 3 hours later. Which nursing interventions would help reduce the symptoms and be included in the plan of care? Select all A) eat small, frequent meals B) limit sodium intake C) reduce high concentrated sugars D) ingest fluids at the end of meals E) refer patient to dietician
A, C, E
A patient is being prepared for a colonoscopy. Initially, the nurse knows the positioning the patient lying on his/her left side with the knees bent is an appropriate intervention. The nurse recognizes that this position will: A) allow for proper visualization of the small intestine B) allow for proper visualization of the large intestine C) make the patient more comfortable D) decrease bleeding
B
A patient is receiving TPN through a CVC. As the nurse is changing the dressing at the catheter site, the patient asks why this type of catheter is being used instead of a regular IV. Which is the best response by the nurse? A) "the central venous catheter allows nutrients to be administered at a much greater pace" B) "the nutrients that are being administered are too concentrated for a peripheral IV" C) "the solution is hypotonic and can be given only through a CVC" D) "CVCs are inserted when peripheral veins can no longer be used"
B
A patient with CKD brings all home meds to the clinic to be reviewed by the nurse. Which med being used indicates that patient teaching is required? A) multivitamin w/ iron B) Milk of Magnesium C) Calcium acetate D) acetaminophen
B
A patient with a history of PUD is admitted to the hospital. Initial assessment reveals that his BP is 96/60 mmHg, his pulse rate is 120, and he has vomited coffee-ground-like material. Based on this assessment, what is the nurse's priority action? A) administer antiemetic B) prepare to insert NG tube C) collect data regarding recent stressors D) place patient in Trendelelburg
B
A patient with severe Crohn's disease develops a small bowel obstruction. Which clinical finding should the nurse expect the patient to report? A) bloody vomit B) projectile vomiting C) bleeding with defecation D) pain in LLQ
B
During discharge teaching, the nurse identifies a need for additional instruction when Mrs. Johnson says: A) "I should notify the doctor if I get sick enough to go to an urgent treatment center" B) "if my weight gain goes down, my dosage of steroid is probably too high" C) "I should double or triple my steroid dose if I undergo rigorous exercise" D) "I need to carry an emergency kit with injectable hydrocortisone in case I can't take my medication by mouth"
B
Low residue diet means: A) high fiber B) low roughage C) non-spicy D) soft
B
Mrs. McBride (Cushing's) needs to modify dietary intake to control symptoms. In addition to increasing protein, which strategy would be most appropriate? A) increase calories B) restrict sodium C) restrict potassium D) force PO fluids
B
The med-surf nurse admits a patient with slight jaundice and reports of pain on the left side and back. A diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is made. Which common response to acute pancreatitis should the nurse monitor in the patient? A) cardiac murmur B) hypovolemia C) gastric reflux D) JVD
B
The nurse is preparing to check a patient's AV fistula for bruit. The nurse understands that a bruit is caused by: A) constricted blood flow B) turbulent blood flow C) inadequate blood flow D) collateral blood flow
B
The nurse is talking to Mrs. Johnson, explaining the importance of taking the hydrocortisone exactly as ordered and cautions against discontinuing the drug abruptly. The nurse knows that a patient who discontinues prednisone abruptly may experience: A) hyperglycemia B) acute adrenocortical insufficiency C) GI bleed D) restlessness and seizure
B
The patient is admitted with nephrolithiasis. What is the nurse's first priority in managing a patient with renal colic? A) do not allow the patient to ingest fluids B) administer an opioid analgesic as prescribed C) encourage the patient to drink at least 500 mL of water each hour D) request the central supply department to send supplies for straining urine
B
The priority nursing intervention during management of pheochromocytoma is: A) administering IV fluids B) monitoring BP C) administering vasopressors D) monitoring I&O and daily weight
B
The provider orders to irrigate a patient's nephrostomy tube every 4 hours to maintain patency. The nurse irrigates the tube using sterile technique. After irrigating the tube, the nurse decides that she can safely use the same irrigation set for her 8-hour shift if she covers the set with a paper sterile drape. The action is: A) appropriate because the irrigation just checks for patency B) inappropriate because irrigation requires strict sterile technique C) appropriate because the irrigation set will be used only during an 8-hour period D) inappropriate because the sterile drape must be cloth, not paper
B
Which information in Mrs. Johnson's (Addisonian crisis) chart is consistent with this diagnosis? A) recent weight gain B) recent unexpected death of her spouse C) excessive steroid intake D) presence of moon face
B
Which is an expected outcome for a patient with PUD? The patient will: A) demonstrate appropriate use of analgesics to control pain B) explain the rationale for eliminating alcohol from diet C) verbalize the importance of monitoring H&H every 3 months D) explain the occasional scant amount of hematemesis is expected
B
Which symptom would the nurse most likely observe in a patient with cholecystitis from cholelithiasis? A) black stools B) nausea after ingestion of high-fat foods C) elevated temp of 103 D) leukopenia
B
the nurse is reviewing Mr. Patterson's (SIADH) labs and diagnostic findings. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? A) elevated serum sodium levels B) decreased serum osmolality C) decreased urine sodium levels D) elevated urine calcium levels
B
when teaching a patient with CKD about prevention of complications, the nurse instructs the patient to: A) monitor for proteinuria daily with a urine dipstick B) weight daily and report a gain of greater than 4 C) take calcium-based phosphate binders on an empty stomach D) perform self-cath every 4 hours to accurately measure I&O
B
Before administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) to a CKD patient with hyperkalemia, the nurse should assess the: A) serum BUN and Cr B) patient's bowel sounds C) LOC D) blood glucose level
B (you need peristalsis to give this)
A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. Which signs/symptoms would you expect to see? (Select all) A) glucosuria B) hypercholesterolemia C) hypoproteinemia D) proteinuria E) periorbital edema
B, C, D, E
The nurse should assess the patient who is being admitted to the hospital with upper GI bleeding for which finding? Select all A) dry, flushed skin B) decreased urine output C) tachycardia D) widening pulse pressure E) rapid respirations F) thirst
B, C, E, F
While preparing a patient for an EGD, the nurse would be correct to implement which intervention? Select all A) administer a preparation to cleanse the GI tract (Golytely) B) instruct to not eat or drink 6-8 hours before C) teach only to ingest a clear liquid diet for 24 hours before D)inform the patient of receiving a sedative before procedure E) encourage the patient to eat and drink immediately after
B, D
A patient who has a history of alcohol abuse now has recurrent exacerbations of chronic pancreatitis. The nurse asks the patient to obtain a stool specimen. When assessing the patient's stool, what would the nurse expect to observe? Select all A) melena B) oily C) + for bacteria D) float E) excessive foul-smell
B, D, E
When caring for a patient with untreated CKD, the nurse should assess the patient carefully for which of the following? Select All A) Metabolic alkalosis B) Hyperkalemia C) Hypercalcemia D) Hypermagnesemia E) Hyperphosphatemia
B, D, E
which interventions are appropriate for a patient diagnosed with hep A? Select all A) implement an exercise program B) provide relief from N/V C) administer pain meds D) encourage multiple small meals daily E) plan frequent rest periods
B, D, E
melena
Black tarry stool
A nurse is providing dietary instructions to a patient with a history of pancreatitis. Which of the following instructions would be most appropriate? A) maintain a high-fat, low-CHO diet B) maintain a low-CHO, low-fat diet C) maintain a high-CHO, low-fat diet D) maintain a high-fat, high-CHO diet
C
A patient who recently has had new onset of frequent heartburn is assessed by the HCP. The nurse will anticipate teaching the patient about a: A) barium swallow B) endoscopy procedures C) PPI D) blood draw for labs
C
A patient with hemodialysis develops a thrombus of an AV graft requiring its removal. While waiting for a replacement graft or fistula, the patient is most likely to have: A) no dialysis, BUN/Cr will be monitored B) peritoneal dialysis C) a percutaneous internal jugular vein cannula D) a catheter tunneled sub-q to the jugular vein
C
During the first few weeks after a chole, the patient should follow a diet that includes: A) decreased intake of fruits, veggies, whole grains, and nuts to minimize pressure within small intestine B) at least four servings daily of meat, cheese, and peanut butter to increase protein intake that aids healing C) a limited intake of fat distributed throughout the day so there is not an excessive amount in the intestine at one time D) ingestion of pancreatic enzymes with meals to replace the normal enzyme secretion that has been surgically altered
C
The nurse evaluates the management of the patient with GI bleeding is effective when assessment and lab findings reveal: A) hematocrit of 35% B) urinary output of 20 mL/hr C) decreasing BUN D) urine specific gravity of 1.030
C
The nurse is assessing a patient who is in the early stages of cirrhosis. Which focused assessment is appropriate? A) peripheral edema B) ascites C) anorexia D) jaundice
C
The nurse is caring for a patient 12 hours following a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Which of the following interventions will the nurse include in the patient's plan of care? A) removal of compression stockings during sleep B) encouraging ample PO fluids C) administration of ondansetron with onset of nausea D) enforcing bedrest for 2-3 days postop
C
The nurse is caring for a patient with cirrhosis. Which assessment finding indicates that the patient has deficient vitamin K absorption caused by this hepatic disease? A) dyspnea B) ascites C) purpura D) hypoalbuminemia
C
Treatments for Addisonian crisis would include: A) antihypertensives and aggressive pulmonary care B) IV potassium supplementation and reorient to person/place/time C) fluid resuscitation and cortisol replacement D) insulin drip and fluid restriction
C
Which diagnostic test is used first to evaluate a client with upper GI bleeding? A) endoscopy B) upper GI series C) H&H D) arteriography
C
which medical order can the nurse anticipate implementing for SIADH? A) administering IV NS and forcing fluids B) administering Dextrose and forcing fluids C) administering IV NS and restricting fluids D) administering Dextrose and restricting fluids
C
A patient is recovering from an ileostomy that was performed to treat ulcerative colitis. During discharge teaching, the nurse should stress the importance of: A) taking only enteric-coated meds B) wearing an appliance pouch only at bedtime C) increasing fluid intake to prevent dehydration D) consuming a low protein, high-fiber diet
C (lots of F&E imbalance)
A nurse is providing an education in-service about low-residue diets to a group of patients with ulcerative colitis. Which of the following diet choices would show that the patient teaching has been effective? A) cream soup and crackers, omelets, mashed potatoes, peas, OJ, coffee B) stewed chicken, baked potatoes with butter, strained peas, white bread, plain cake and milk C) baked fish, mac and cheese, strained carrots, fruit gelatin, milk D) lean roast beef, buttered rice with egg slices, white bread with butter and jelly, tea with sugar
D
A patient has a NG inserted and placed to low wall suction at the time of an abdominal perineal resection with permanent colostomy. This tube will most likely be removed when the patient demonstrates: A) absence of N/V B) absence of stomach drainage for 24 hours C) passage of mucus through rectum D) passage of flatus and feces from colostomy
D
A patient is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Which assessment would be of most concern to the nurse? A) increased serum amylase B) moderate upper left quadrant pain C) low-grade fever D) bluish discoloration in periumbilical area
D
A patient is receiving TPN. The nurse notices that the bag of TPN solution has been infusing for 24 hours but has 300 mL of solution left. The nurse should: A) continue the infusion until the remaining 300 mL is infused B) change the filter on the tubing and continue with infusion C) notify the HCP and obtain a prescription to alter the flow rate D) discontinue the current solution and hang a new bag of TPN solution
D
A patient with CKD has a BUN of 100, serum creatinine of 6.5, potassium 6.1, and lethargy. Which of the following is the priority nursing assessment? A) BP B) ABGs C) weight changes D) cardiac rhythm
D
A patient with PUD is taking ranitidine. What is the expected outcome of this drug? A) heal ulcer B) protect ulcer surface from acids C) enhance gastric emptying D) limit gastric acid secretion
D
A patient with severe ulcerative colitis is receiving TPN. When administering TPN, the nurse must take care to maintain the ordered flow rate because giving TPN too rapidly may cause: A) constipation B) air embolism C) dumping syndrome D) hyperglycemia
D
A student nurse is asking for information about CKD. Which of the following statements by the clinical instructor would be most accurate when providing teaching? A) "The most common cause of chronic renal failure is recurrent pyelonephritis" B) "It results in an increase in erythropoietin, leading to chronic anemia and fatigue" C) "It results in an inability of the kidneys to convert waste products to creatinine and BUN" D) "it is characterized by azotemia, FVE, and hyperkalemia"
D
Although a rare intervention, the nurse notes that the reason why Declomycin is ordered with patients with SIADH is because it: A) rids of the underlying infection associated with the disease B) blocks sodium excretion in the renal tubule C) decreases preload and after load, thus decreases BP D) blocks the effects of ADH in the kidney
D
Over the past 48 hours, a 62-year old robust patient with bacterial pneumonia has developed profuse, watery diarrhea, fever, abdominal tenderness, and loss of appetite. C. diff infection is suspected. When reviewing the patient's chart, which factor would the nurse identify as most likely placing the patient at risk? A) age B) immunocompromised state C) length of stay D) antibiotic therapy
D
The nurse is caring for a patient following a lap chole. Which nursing action is priority? A) monitor the abdominal dressing for bleeding B) instruct on using PCA C) teach about 6-week activity restriction D) assess puncture sites for bleeding
D
The patient with severe dyspepsia has been diagnosed with cholecystitis. Which foods would the nurse teach the patient to avoid? A) nuts and popcorn B) meatloaf and baked potato C) chocolate and boiled shrimp D) fried chicken and buttered corn
D
Vasopressin is administered to Mr. Myers (neurogenic DI) because it: A) decreases BP B) increases release of insulin from pancreas C) decreases glucose production within the liver D) increases tubular reabsorption of water
D
When teaching the patient to care for an ileal conduit, the nurse instructs the patient to empty the appliance frequently. Which outcome indicates the patient is following instructions? A) the skin around stoma is red B) the urine is deep yellow C) there is no odor D) the seal around stoma is intact
D
cushing disease
Excessive anterior pituitary secretion of ACTH; problem with adrenal cortex itself
Tenckhoff catheter
Type of catheter placed in peritoneal dialysis
hirsutism
Unwanted male-pattern hair growth in women; symptom of Cushing's
cortisol
a glucocorticoid stress hormone of the adrenal cortex
intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters
AV fistula
abnormal connection between an artery and a vein; for dialysis
uremia
abnormally high levels of waste products in the blood
ileal anal reservoir (IPAA)
allows you to eliminate waste without a stoma on the abdomen
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
amount of blood filtered each minute by glomeruli; normal >60
nocturnal enuresis
bedwetting
lower esophageal sphincter
between esophagus and stomach; prevents acidic stomach contents from going back up
hematuria
blood in urine
double barrel stoma
bowel divided completely, 2 separate stomas, bowel is divided and both proximal and distal ends are brought through abdominal wall as 2 separate stomas
Nephrostomy tube
catheter put in the skin; not long term
hiatal hernia
condition in which part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm
gastrograffin
contrast medium; used over barium if you are concerned for gastric perforation
Barrett's esophagus
damage to the lower part of the esophagus; potential complication of GERD
small bowel series
diagnostic procedure; uses barium sulfate and x-ray to get pictures of small intestine
udall/ash catheter
dialysis catheter, not the same as CVC
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis that uses the peritoneum as semi-permeable membrane
HCTZ
diuretic; for nephrogenic DI
urea nitrogen
end product of protein metabolism
polydipsia
excessive thirst
polyuria
excessive urination
diabetes insipidus
extreme thirst and a lot of urine output; too little ADH neurogenic- head trauma nephrogenic- kidney does not respond to ADH present in blood psychogenic- issues r/t excessive water intake
dumping syndrome
food moves from the stomach to the small intestine too quickly
water deprivation test
for DI
Kock pouch
formed by the terminal ileum
parenchyma
functional part of the kidney that contains the renal cortex and renal medulla
Epinephrine (catecholamine)
functions primarily to increase CO and raise blood glucose levels; adrenal medulla
azotemia
high urea; too much nitrogen products in the blood
adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
hormone produced by the anterior pituitary; function is to regulate levels of cortisol (which is released from the adrenal gland)
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
adrenal medulla
inner part of adrenal gland; controls hormones that initiate "fight-or-flight" (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
cystoscopy
inspect interior of bladder wall
overflow incontinence
involuntary release of urine when the bladder becomes overly full, even though the person does not have an urge to urinate (weak bladder)
nephrotic syndrome
kidney disorder that causes body to excrete too much protein; glomerulus is excessively permeable to plasma protein, causing proteinuria that leads to low plasma albumin and tissue edema
pyelonephritis
kidney infection (upper UTI)
nephrolithiasis
kidney stones
Nissen fundoplication
lap procedure for patients with GERD
postprandial hypoglycemia
low blood sugar after eating
low residue diet
low fiber diet; goal is to have fewer/smaller bowel movements
aldosterone
main mineralocorticoid; produced in adrenal cortex; essential for sodium conservation
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
measurement of urea levels in blood; 6-20
creatinine
more reliable indicator of renal function than BUN; 0.6-1.3; released at a constant rate
disequilibrium syndrome
neurologic deterioration that is seen in hemodialysis patients (disorientation, seizures, HA, agitation, N/V)
streatorrhea
oily stools that float; horrible smell
loop stoma
one stoma with 2 openings; bringing a loop of bowel to surface and then opening anterior wall of bowel to provide fecal diversion
end stoma
one stoma with one opening; divides bowel and bringing out the proximal end as a single stoma
Billroth procedure 1
operation in which the pylorus is removed and the distal stomach is anastomosed directly to the duodenum
tropic hormones
other endocrine glands are their target; produced and secreted by anterior pituitary
pheochromocytoma triad of symptoms
palpitations, HA, sweating
paralytic ileus
paralysis of intestinal peristalsis
diverticula
pockets in the intestinal wall
corticosteroid
produced by adrenal cortex; cortisol and aldosterone
norepinephrine (catecholamine)
produced in adrenal medulla
releasing hormones
produced within hypothalamus
adrenal cortex
produces cortisol and aldosterone; outer part of adrenal gland
phenochromocytoma
rare tumor of adrenal gland; too much epinephrine and norepinephrine; HTN
endocrine
secrete hormones directly in the blood
anterior pituitary
secretes ACTH
