NUR CHAP 1

The nurse has just provided a group of student nurses with information about nutrigenomics. Which statement(s) from the students indicates an understanding of nutrigenomics? Select all that apply.

"Nutrigenomics may produce major nutrition breakthroughs in the prevention of chronic diseases." "Genetic mutations only partially predict disease risk."

The student asks the nurse to explain the role of nutrient reference values when planning eating patterns. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

"The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of five nutrient-based reference values used to plan and evaluate diets."

A client asks the nurse about the history of nutrition and how it has changed. Which statement will the nurse include when responding?

"Years ago, nutrition was mostly about preventing diseases caused by deficiencies."

The nurse has calculated an unintentional percent weight change in the client to be 5 percent. This is concerning if it occurs over:

1 month.

The nurse is caring for an adult client who is concerned with protein intake. The client says, "I want to reduce my risk of chronic disease but still get enough essential nutrients." The client eats a 2,000-calorie diet each day. How many calories should come from protein each day?

200-700 calories

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) include four separate reference values that are based on the concepts of probability and risk. Which of the following is a CORRECT statement related to DRIs?

A nutrient has an EAR plus either an RDA or and AI.

A client is asking the nurse to explain Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Which of the following definitions best describes DRIs?

A set of five nutrient-based reference values used to plan and evaluate diets

The nurse is providing acute care discharge instruction to a client who is now medically stable and plans to have outpatient care to treat remaining wounds. Which nutrtitional advice does the nurse offer to maximize wound healing?

Add skim milk powder to reduced fat milk.

After reviewing a client's diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the nurse realizes the client is eating too many foods from the Moderation group. Which food(s) should the nurse recommend the client limit or decrease? Select all that apply.

Added sugar Saturated fat

A client was surprised to learn that over 70% of adults are considered overweight in America and asks the nurse for more information on this topic. Which statement is true regarding nutrition-related health conditions in the United States?

Adults aged 60 and over have a lower rate of obesity than do younger adults.

The client has been referred to the dietitian to learn about adopting the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to help address their hypertension. Which food option(s) best fits a DASH diet meal? Select all that apply.

Chicken wrap made with a whole wheat tortilla and light mayonnaise Whole wheat spaghetti with marinara sauce and a salad with red wine vinaigrette Kabobs made with chicken, bell peppers, mushrooms, and pineapple

The nurse is using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) to measure a client's diet quality. Which food(s) belongs in the Adequacy group? Select all that apply.

Dairy Fatty Acids Beans

To obtain an adequate history and ascertain nutritional risk, which of the following would be an appropriate question for the nurse to ask?

Do you avoid any particular foods?

The nurse is discussing nutrition reference values in class. Which of the following is a CORRECT statement made by the nurse?

EAR is the nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group."

The nurse realizes there are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) that estimate necessary nutrient intake and other reference sets that pertain to calories, one of which is the Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs). Which statement is true of EERs?

EERs estimate intake required to maintain weight.

It has been said that the Western diet includes a high proportion of calorie-dense foods. Which food is an example of a calorie-dense food?

Fried fish

Obesity has been the subject of a great deal of research in recent years. Which statement best reflects the application of nutrigenomics to obesity?

Having the gene associated with fat mass variation and obesity makes an individual susceptible to obesity.

The nurse is teaching a group of teenage students about the Healthy People core objectives. Which objective is associated with Healthy People goals for adolescents?

Increase the proportion of students participating in the School Breakfast Program.

One way to measure diet quality is to use the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Which statement describes the HEI-2015?

It is a density-based measure of diet quality in accordance with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

A client presents with a Health Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) score of 53. The nurse knows this indicates the client has what quality of diet?

Low diet quality

A client was just admitted to the unit with a new diagnosis of osteoporosis. The client asks, "Can you tell me more about my disease?" Which statement indicates an understanding of bone health and muscle strength?

Non-Hispanic Asians are at highest risk for reduced muscle strength.

DRIs are used by scientists and nutritionists who work in research or academic settings and by dietitians who plan menus for which of the following specific populations? Select all that apply.

Nursing home residents School children users of military feeding programs

Nutrition is an important aspect of health; the two are intertwined throughout the lifespan. Which statement indicates an understanding of the concept of health?

Older adults may consider themselves healthy despite having chronic disease.

Lifestyle medicine incorporates the use of evidence-based lifestyle approaches to address chronic disease. Which therapeutic approach(es) is associated with lifestyle medicine? Select all that apply.

Physical Activity Stress management Plant-based diet

The nurse has been approached by a client who has just switched to a vegetarian diet. The client is concerned that they may have decreased their Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) score by eating more foods that should only be eaten in moderation. The client had cream of wheat with milk and a caramel latte for breakfast; a three-bean salad, a croissant, and a soda for lunch; pretzels, a breakfast toaster pastry, and a fruit-flavored beverage for a snack; and a black bean burger with french fries and a dessert for dinner. Which combination of foods contains only ones considered part of the Moderation group of the HEI-2015?

Pretzels, breakfast toaster pastry, fruit-flavored beverage

The student is aware that Healthy People 2030 has multiple objectives associated with overweight and obesity. Which objective(s) is included in this topic? Select all that apply.

Reduce consumption of added sugars by people aged 2 years and over. Reduce the proportion of adults with obesity. Increase the proportion of health care visits by adults with obesity that include counseling on weight loss, nutrition, or physical activity. Reduce the proportion of children and adolescents with obesity.

The nurse recognizes that various situations will affect the nutritional status of hospitalized patients. Which of the following are steps the nurse can take to promote an adequate intake in the patients? Select all that apply.

Replace meals withheld for diagnostic tests. Discontinue IV therapy as soon as feasible. Order snacks and nutritional supplements.

Preventable chronic diseases have proven to be a major global health challenge and many relate to nutrition. In which rank is diabetes mellitus, in order of prevalence, for number of deaths caused in 2018?

Seventh

The class was asked to give examples of nutrient-dense foods. Which food(s) is considered nutrient dense? Select all that apply.

Skim milk Broccoli Garbanzo beans

The nurse has just educated a group of students about one of the reference sets that can be applied to calories, the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs). Which statement(s) indicates an understanding of AMDRs? Select all that apply.

The AMDR for an adult for protein is 10%-35%. The AMDRs are always given in percentages. The AMDR for an adult for fat is 20%-35%.

The nurse suspects that social factors are limiting a client's understanding of the diet restrictions he is to follow. Which of the following may be a factor?

The client is unable to read.

A recently retired client states, "Now that I am retired, I want to focus on my health." The nurse reviews the client's medical history and lifestyle habits. Which finding would the nurse recommend the client focus on to improve their health?

The client smokes two cigarettes per day.

A nurse is providing the class with the latest updates to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Which statement(s) is true of the new 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans? Select all that apply.

The term "dietary patterns" refers to the combination of foods and beverages that an individual consumes over a period of time. Dietary patterns considered "healthy" by the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines include plant-based diets. An individual's dietary patterns can be a better predictor of disease risk than are specific nutrients or foods. A healthy dietary pattern includes a variety of food groups that provide adequate amounts of nutrients.

The nurse has just educated a group of student nurses about the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Which statement(s) by the students indicates an understanding of what the nurse taught them? Select all that apply.

There are 13 components to the HEI-2015 that reflect different food groups and key recommendations. The HEI uses a numerical scoring tool to measure diet quality. The HEI is revised with each new update of the Dietary Guidelines. The HEI components are divided into Adequacy and Moderation groups.

The nurse is educating a group of students about the placement of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) along the continuum of intake. Which nutrient-based standard is closest to the risk-of-toxicity side of the continuum?

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Dieticians use nutrient recommendations for specific purposes. Which statement indicates an understanding of the appropriate application of nutrient recommendations?

Used to analyze the adequacy of an individual's intake

A student is studying for a test on the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) of nutrients. Which nutrients have an RDA? Select all that apply.

Vitamin C Magnesium Protein

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) consistently promote plant-based, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean diets as healthy eating patterns. Which meal choice example would the nurse recommend to a client who would like to try a Mediterranean diet?

Whole wheat pita bread with hummus

The nurse is counseling a client on the relationship between excess calorie consumption and health problems. What health problems would the nurse identify as being associated with consuming more calories than are expended? Select all that apply.

blood pressure above 139/89 mm Hg increased blood cholesterol levels BMI of 30 or greater cancer

The nurse is assessing a newly admitted client to the unit. The nurse should be concerned that the client is at risk for malnutrition due to which of the following? Select all that apply.

dementia BMI advanced age

Nutrition screening helps identify clients who are at risk for malnutrition. Which of the following is criteria that is generally assessed in a nutritional screening tool?

functional capacity

Which of the ten leading causes of death in the United States are associated with dietary excesses? Select all that apply.

heart disease cancer stroke

The Mini Nutritional assessment (MNA) is a recognized tool that is used to assess nutrition. The nurse recognizes a client is at risk for malnutrition if the client has had symptoms of irritable bowels for how long?

longer than 3 months

The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are based on specific criteria indicators for estimating requirements. Which of the following is an example of such a criteria indicator?

plasma and serum nutrient concentrations

The nurse recognizes that malnutrition is a major contributor to which of the following?

prolonged hospital stays.

The nurse is aware that physical findings of malnutrition may not appear in which situation?

subclinical

The nurse is assessing a new client to the unit for possible malnutrition. The nurse is aware that the physical findings are:

subjective.

The nurse suspects that a client may be malnourished because of which of the following symptoms found during an assessment? Select all that apply.

swollen neck glands depressed mood loss of balance

An older adult client has come in for a follow-up visit after a hospitalization for constipation. The client complains that his family will not let him eat what he wants to. The nurse recognizes the family has a knowledge deficit when one family member says which of the following to the client?

"You can only have what is on the list."

The nurse is preparing a discharge plan for an obese older adult who will be staying with family members. To teach the family about the client's new diet restrictions, which of the following strategies can the nurse use? Select all that apply.

Avoid using the term "diet." Keep the message simple. Review the written handouts with the client.

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is consistently mentioned as healthy by the United States Department of Agriculture and the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Which meal option(s) is an example of eating in accordance with the DASH diet? Select all that apply.

Baked skinless chicken with wild rice Steel-cut oats topped with cinnamon Fresh fruit salad topped with low-fat yogurt Tuna salad made with light mayonnaise

To assist in nutrition screening in the community, the local older adult center has developed a screen to help identify individuals at high risk for malnutrition. Which of the following risk factors might be included?

Eats alone most of the time

A client requests dietary information to prevent the development of chronic diseases. Which nutritional standard should the nurse provide for this client?

Estimated average requirements

The total diet approach to healthy eating encompasses several factors. Which statement is an accurate reflection of one of the parts of the total diet approach?

Nutrient density refers to the relative proportion of nutrients to calories in a food.