Biology : 9. ECOLOGY, POLLUTION, AND ENERGY
is concerned with relationships.
Ecology
what is which are left to the natural state tend to remain balanced.
Ecosystems
are connected to everything else.
Everything living and nonliving
elevations have cooler temperatures that limit plant and animal life.
Higher
A habitat which is directly related to climate is called a
biome
A life zone
biome
What part of the ecosystem could not survive without the other components?
carnivores
water lilies, frogs
fresh water aquatic
For a desert habitat, choose a + for high, a - for low, or an A for average or variable to represent the characteristic of the given environmental factors. given environmental factors. light temperature water oxygen elevation
+ + - A A
For a high mountain habitat, choose a + for high, or a - for low, or an A for average or variable to represent the characteristic of the given environmental factors. light temperature water oxygen elevation
+ - + - +
can upset the balance of an ecosystem.
Natural catastrophes
chaparral
dense shrubs
type of biome is expected at the Baja Peninsula.
desert
dependent, competitive
relationships
How do phytoplankton affect the ecosystem of the entire earth? through the oxygen cycle through the aquatic food chain through the world food chain important to marine ecosystems but not the ecology of the continents
through the oxygen cycle
with similar requirements usually compete for environmental factors.
Organisms
Not having enough space can upset the
balance of nature.
crops
cultivated
organisms and their environment
ecosystem
The basic materials needed for life originate from the ___________ environment
nonliving
plant or animal
organism
Environmental factors may be studied using
space satellites
Some environmental factors are studied by the use of: telescopes electroscopes astrolabes space satellites
space satellites
habitat
the place where a community of plants and animals lives; the place where some organism is usually found
Type of biome is expected in Florida. (Refer to the major North American Land Biomes map.)
deciduous forest
All the animal life of a region
fauna
A habitat that has less oxygen and less air pressure than many organisms require would be a: desert seashore cave high mountaintop
high mountaintop
The word ecology is made up of two Greek words, oikos and logia, and means "_____." environmental knowledge life logic house logistics house knowledge
house knowledge
Common needs, mutual benefit, and interactions are all examples of __________________
interdependence
Each component of an ecosystem is:
interdependent
Putting together food molecules with chlorophyll and the light energy from the sun
photosynthesis
The most important food-producing organisms of the ocean are
phytoplankton
The word ecology comes from Greek words meaning: study of the environment study of houses study of energy study of life
study of houses
(Select all that apply.) Choose the main components of an ecosystem. sun water plants nitrogen climate moon decomposers soil herbivores carnivores
sun water plants climate decomposers soil herbivores carnivores
What is meant by "solar radiation equilibrium" in the related ecology principle? the complex atmospheric conditions combined with the net influx and radiation outflux the ecosystem of the earth is maintained by the constant heating of the planet none of the above the exact incoming solar radiation is necessary for sustaining life
the complex atmospheric conditions combined with the net influx and radiation outflux
A habitat is best described as: the factors controlling the organisms the place where organisms live the organisms that live in a place
the place where organisms live
The ultimate source of energy for physical life on earth is
the sun.
Biomes are usually named from: the variety of fauna the type of climate the community of organisms the variety of flora
the variety of flora
anteaters, jungle
tropical rain forest
can have the most significant impact on an ecosystem.
Unnatural occurrences
environmental factor
a condition or conditions of the nonliving surroundings, such as light, temperature, water, and so on
Energy moves through the plants and animals in an ecosystem by way of _____. a food chain the sun phytoplankton biogeochemical cycles
a food chain
Examples of good management to maintain or restore the balance of nature are: use resources available. introduce new substances or species if another alternative is suitable. adjust living things to the environment. duplicate natural processes of the environment. make decisions on biology, ecology, and environmental conditions.
adjust living things to the environment. duplicate natural processes of the environment. make decisions on biology, ecology, and environmental conditions.
The zone or layer of air, land, and water at the earth's surface occupied by living things
biosphere
Bacteria
decomposer
Which ecosystem is the most resistant to permanent change? few organisms in a large region diverse organisms in a large region limited organisms in confined areas diverse organisms in a confined area
diverse organisms in a large region
A state of change in which the end result is equal or balanced
dynamic equilibrium
If an __________ knows the types of plants in an area, he/she can make a good guess as to the type of biome and the type of fauna that live there.
ecologist
All forms of life on earth are linked together in relationships involving _____. water energy the environment food
food
A series of food energy steps from plants to animals to other animals in a community of living things
food chain
jack rabbits, foxes, badger
grassland
type of biome is expected in the U.S. Central plains. (Refer to the major North American Land Biomes map.)
grassland
living place
habitat
The location of the Earth and its quantity of solar radiation has permitted the unique presence of ________ in the solar system.
liquid water
Ecology is made up of: many sciences mathematics the science of biology animals
many sciences
Salt-water
marine plankton
The process of decomposition commonly releases into the environment: oxygen and helium nitrogen and carbon neon and argon iron and lead
nitrogen and carbon
Which statements reflect dynamic equilibrium of an ecosystem? small reduction in water will cause a permanent imbalance number of existing organisms will reflect changing factors any change on either side will require a compensation on the other side number of new organisms must remain constant
number of existing organisms will reflect changing factors any change on either side will require a compensation on the other side
The tiny, free-floating plants in a lake or ocean; microscopic green algae
phytoplankton
microscopic marine plants
phytoplankton
The tiny, free-floating surface organisms of a lake, stream, or ocean
plankton
The first link in any food chain is always a(n)
plant
Interrelationship implies a(n) ___________ relationship
reciprocal
All forms of life on earth are linked together in some type of food
relationship
grass, deer
savanna
How do phytoplankton affect the ecosystem of the entire earth? through the aquatic food chain through the world food chain important to marine ecosystems but not the ecology of the continents through the oxygen cycle
through the oxygen cycle
type of biome is expected in Alaska. (Refer to the major North American Land Biomes map.)
tundra
wolves, treeless
tundra
Disturbance of the natural environment often produces _______ results.
unexpected
______ ______ ______ are essential environmental factors.
Air, water, and soil
affect all other living things.
All living things
Cycles in an environment, like the cycles of the seasons, have been designed and controlled by
God
"For by him were all things created" refers to the person of
Jesus Christ
A biome is a life zone that is dependent primarily upon: plants location on earth climate altitude
climate
Maps that show differences in temperature, rainfall, and weather are called ________ Maps
climatic
An ecosystem may consist of more than one ________ in a defined locale.
community
The complex process of photosynthesis is responsible for: producing life converting energy to basic food solar energy supplying energy to man creating energy maintaining the food chain
converting energy to basic food supplying energy to man maintaining the food chain
chipmunks, black bears, hardwood
deciduous forest
A framework which attempts to show the interrelationships of plants, animals, and the environment in a defined area is called a(n)
ecosystem
Two primary factors which produce biomes are: climate and location elevation and latitude water and climate vegetation and temperature
elevation and latitude
surroundings
environment
The building blocks of a habitat consist of _____________ factors.
environmental
The state that is ultimately reached which results in balance is called
equilibrium
Removing plants or animals from their ecosystem: requires knowledge to determine the extent of the effect will upset the dynamic balance permanently will not upset the dynamic balance needs to be conducted in small increments to determine the potential effects
equires knowledge to determine the extent of the effect will upset the dynamic balance permanently needs to be conducted in small increments to determine the potential effects
Which would typically be found in a coniferous forrest? thorny bushes ornamental plants evergreen trees chipmunks monkeys
evergreen trees chipmunks
It is now understood that life requires a simultaneous coexistence of numerous interdependent cycles. This fact essentially precludes _______________ processes
evolutionary
The environmental factors of a habitat are bounded by the _______________ of conditions which an organism can tolerate.
extreme
Which ecological principle is probably responsible for the lack of reptiles and amphibians in the tundra? single species systems are more fragile extremes of conditions determine suitability of a habitat all organisms must be linked to the food chain air, water and soil are essential to life
extremes of conditions determine suitability of a habitat
All the plant life of a region
flora
The diversity of plants and animals on Earth is supported by the numerous kinds of __________ available
habitats
plant-eating
herbivorous
A habitat that has lots of light and water, a high elevation, low temperature, and a low level of oxygen is most likely a _____ habitat. pond high mountain desert deep ocean canyon
high mountain
The basic materials of which all living things are formed are ___________ substances
nonliving
Which answer best indicates the dynamic balance of an ecosystem? number of plants vs. number of animals space and food vs. temperature and water number and variety of organisms vs. changing environment number of organisms vs. constant environment
number and variety of organisms vs. changing environment
Which statements reflect dynamic equilibrium of an ecosystem? number of existing organisms will reflect changing factors small reduction in water will cause a permanent imbalance any change on either side will require a compensation on the other side number of new organisms must remain constant
number of existing organisms will reflect changing factors any change on either side will require a compensation on the other side
used to aid or assist
resource
Another name for plant life
vegetation
(Select all that apply.) Choose from the following all the environmental factors upon which plants and animals depend. water minerals temperature light bacteria tree cover elevation air surface features growing seasons
water minerals temperature light elevation air surface features growing seasons
The tiny, free-floating animals in a lake, stream, or ocean; rotifers, brine shrimp, and water fleas
zooplankton