Biology : 9. ECOLOGY, POLLUTION, AND ENERGY

is concerned with relationships.

Ecology

what is which are left to the natural state tend to remain balanced.

Ecosystems

are connected to everything else.

Everything living and nonliving

elevations have cooler temperatures that limit plant and animal life.

Higher

A habitat which is directly related to climate is called a

biome

A life zone

biome

What part of the ecosystem could not survive without the other components?

carnivores

water lilies, frogs

fresh water aquatic

For a desert habitat, choose a + for high, a - for low, or an A for average or variable to represent the characteristic of the given environmental factors. given environmental factors. light temperature water oxygen elevation

+ + - A A

For a high mountain habitat, choose a + for high, or a - for low, or an A for average or variable to represent the characteristic of the given environmental factors. light temperature water oxygen elevation

+ - + - +

can upset the balance of an ecosystem.

Natural catastrophes

chaparral

dense shrubs

type of biome is expected at the Baja Peninsula.

desert

dependent, competitive

relationships

How do phytoplankton affect the ecosystem of the entire earth? through the oxygen cycle through the aquatic food chain through the world food chain important to marine ecosystems but not the ecology of the continents

through the oxygen cycle

with similar requirements usually compete for environmental factors.

Organisms

Not having enough space can upset the

balance of nature.

crops

cultivated

organisms and their environment

ecosystem

The basic materials needed for life originate from the ___________ environment

nonliving

plant or animal

organism

Environmental factors may be studied using

space satellites

Some environmental factors are studied by the use of: telescopes electroscopes astrolabes space satellites

space satellites

habitat

the place where a community of plants and animals lives; the place where some organism is usually found

Type of biome is expected in Florida. (Refer to the major North American Land Biomes map.)

deciduous forest

All the animal life of a region

fauna

A habitat that has less oxygen and less air pressure than many organisms require would be a: desert seashore cave high mountaintop

high mountaintop

The word ecology is made up of two Greek words, oikos and logia, and means "_____." environmental knowledge life logic house logistics house knowledge

house knowledge

Common needs, mutual benefit, and interactions are all examples of __________________

interdependence

Each component of an ecosystem is:

interdependent

Putting together food molecules with chlorophyll and the light energy from the sun

photosynthesis

The most important food-producing organisms of the ocean are

phytoplankton

The word ecology comes from Greek words meaning: study of the environment study of houses study of energy study of life

study of houses

(Select all that apply.) Choose the main components of an ecosystem. sun water plants nitrogen climate moon decomposers soil herbivores carnivores

sun water plants climate decomposers soil herbivores carnivores

What is meant by "solar radiation equilibrium" in the related ecology principle? the complex atmospheric conditions combined with the net influx and radiation outflux the ecosystem of the earth is maintained by the constant heating of the planet none of the above the exact incoming solar radiation is necessary for sustaining life

the complex atmospheric conditions combined with the net influx and radiation outflux

A habitat is best described as: the factors controlling the organisms the place where organisms live the organisms that live in a place

the place where organisms live

The ultimate source of energy for physical life on earth is

the sun.

Biomes are usually named from: the variety of fauna the type of climate the community of organisms the variety of flora

the variety of flora

anteaters, jungle

tropical rain forest

can have the most significant impact on an ecosystem.

Unnatural occurrences

environmental factor

a condition or conditions of the nonliving surroundings, such as light, temperature, water, and so on

Energy moves through the plants and animals in an ecosystem by way of _____. a food chain the sun phytoplankton biogeochemical cycles

a food chain

Examples of good management to maintain or restore the balance of nature are: use resources available. introduce new substances or species if another alternative is suitable. adjust living things to the environment. duplicate natural processes of the environment. make decisions on biology, ecology, and environmental conditions.

adjust living things to the environment. duplicate natural processes of the environment. make decisions on biology, ecology, and environmental conditions.

The zone or layer of air, land, and water at the earth's surface occupied by living things

biosphere

Bacteria

decomposer

Which ecosystem is the most resistant to permanent change? few organisms in a large region diverse organisms in a large region limited organisms in confined areas diverse organisms in a confined area

diverse organisms in a large region

A state of change in which the end result is equal or balanced

dynamic equilibrium

If an __________ knows the types of plants in an area, he/she can make a good guess as to the type of biome and the type of fauna that live there.

ecologist

All forms of life on earth are linked together in relationships involving _____. water energy the environment food

food

A series of food energy steps from plants to animals to other animals in a community of living things

food chain

jack rabbits, foxes, badger

grassland

type of biome is expected in the U.S. Central plains. (Refer to the major North American Land Biomes map.)

grassland

living place

habitat

The location of the Earth and its quantity of solar radiation has permitted the unique presence of ________ in the solar system.

liquid water

Ecology is made up of: many sciences mathematics the science of biology animals

many sciences

Salt-water

marine plankton

The process of decomposition commonly releases into the environment: oxygen and helium nitrogen and carbon neon and argon iron and lead

nitrogen and carbon

Which statements reflect dynamic equilibrium of an ecosystem? small reduction in water will cause a permanent imbalance number of existing organisms will reflect changing factors any change on either side will require a compensation on the other side number of new organisms must remain constant

number of existing organisms will reflect changing factors any change on either side will require a compensation on the other side

The tiny, free-floating plants in a lake or ocean; microscopic green algae

phytoplankton

microscopic marine plants

phytoplankton

The tiny, free-floating surface organisms of a lake, stream, or ocean

plankton

The first link in any food chain is always a(n)

plant

Interrelationship implies a(n) ___________ relationship

reciprocal

All forms of life on earth are linked together in some type of food

relationship

grass, deer

savanna

How do phytoplankton affect the ecosystem of the entire earth? through the aquatic food chain through the world food chain important to marine ecosystems but not the ecology of the continents through the oxygen cycle

through the oxygen cycle

type of biome is expected in Alaska. (Refer to the major North American Land Biomes map.)

tundra

wolves, treeless

tundra

Disturbance of the natural environment often produces _______ results.

unexpected

______ ______ ______ are essential environmental factors.

Air, water, and soil

affect all other living things.

All living things

Cycles in an environment, like the cycles of the seasons, have been designed and controlled by

God

"For by him were all things created" refers to the person of

Jesus Christ

A biome is a life zone that is dependent primarily upon: plants location on earth climate altitude

climate

Maps that show differences in temperature, rainfall, and weather are called ________ Maps

climatic

An ecosystem may consist of more than one ________ in a defined locale.

community

The complex process of photosynthesis is responsible for: producing life converting energy to basic food solar energy supplying energy to man creating energy maintaining the food chain

converting energy to basic food supplying energy to man maintaining the food chain

chipmunks, black bears, hardwood

deciduous forest

A framework which attempts to show the interrelationships of plants, animals, and the environment in a defined area is called a(n)

ecosystem

Two primary factors which produce biomes are: climate and location elevation and latitude water and climate vegetation and temperature

elevation and latitude

surroundings

environment

The building blocks of a habitat consist of _____________ factors.

environmental

The state that is ultimately reached which results in balance is called

equilibrium

Removing plants or animals from their ecosystem: requires knowledge to determine the extent of the effect will upset the dynamic balance permanently will not upset the dynamic balance needs to be conducted in small increments to determine the potential effects

equires knowledge to determine the extent of the effect will upset the dynamic balance permanently needs to be conducted in small increments to determine the potential effects

Which would typically be found in a coniferous forrest? thorny bushes ornamental plants evergreen trees chipmunks monkeys

evergreen trees chipmunks

It is now understood that life requires a simultaneous coexistence of numerous interdependent cycles. This fact essentially precludes _______________ processes

evolutionary

The environmental factors of a habitat are bounded by the _______________ of conditions which an organism can tolerate.

extreme

Which ecological principle is probably responsible for the lack of reptiles and amphibians in the tundra? single species systems are more fragile extremes of conditions determine suitability of a habitat all organisms must be linked to the food chain air, water and soil are essential to life

extremes of conditions determine suitability of a habitat

All the plant life of a region

flora

The diversity of plants and animals on Earth is supported by the numerous kinds of __________ available

habitats

plant-eating

herbivorous

A habitat that has lots of light and water, a high elevation, low temperature, and a low level of oxygen is most likely a _____ habitat. pond high mountain desert deep ocean canyon

high mountain

The basic materials of which all living things are formed are ___________ substances

nonliving

Which answer best indicates the dynamic balance of an ecosystem? number of plants vs. number of animals space and food vs. temperature and water number and variety of organisms vs. changing environment number of organisms vs. constant environment

number and variety of organisms vs. changing environment

Which statements reflect dynamic equilibrium of an ecosystem? number of existing organisms will reflect changing factors small reduction in water will cause a permanent imbalance any change on either side will require a compensation on the other side number of new organisms must remain constant

number of existing organisms will reflect changing factors any change on either side will require a compensation on the other side

used to aid or assist

resource

Another name for plant life

vegetation

(Select all that apply.) Choose from the following all the environmental factors upon which plants and animals depend. water minerals temperature light bacteria tree cover elevation air surface features growing seasons

water minerals temperature light elevation air surface features growing seasons

The tiny, free-floating animals in a lake, stream, or ocean; rotifers, brine shrimp, and water fleas

zooplankton