nurs 250 prepu final exam
Which process evaluates and recognizes educational programs as having met certain standards?
Accreditation
A nurse is caring for a woman 28 years of age who has delivered a baby by Cesarean section. She describes her pain as a 9. The nurse medicates her for pain. This is an example of which ethical framework?
Beneficence
A nurse assesses a client with psychotic symptoms and determines that the client needs vest restraints. However, the client asks the nurse not to put on vest restraints. What would be the best nursing action?
Contact the physician and obtain necessary orders.
An obstetrical nurse wishes to identify whether clients' perceptions of a high level of support from their partner is associated with a decreased length of the second stage of labor. Which type of quantitative research is most appropriate for this research question?
Correlational research
A nurse is arrested for possession of illegal drugs. What kind of law is involved with this type of activity?
Criminal
A nursing student learns how to give injections from the nurse manager, who dictates a list of steps to follow. This is an example of the acquisition of what type of knowledge?
Descriptive rule-based
What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice?
Evidence-based research
The nurse understands that general systems theory has important implications in nursing. Which of the following is an assumption of the general systems theory?
Human systems are open and dynamic.
Nurse researchers have predicted that a newly created mentorship program will result in decreased absenteeism, increased retention, and decreased attrition among a hospital's nursing staff. What does this predicted relationship represent?
Hypothesis
In the delivery of care, the nurse acts in accordance with nursing standards and the code of ethics and reports a medication error that she has made. The nurse is most clearly demonstrating which professional value?
Integrity
The student nurse tells her family about a client with AIDS that she cared for in clinical yesterday. Which tort has the student committed?
Invasion of privacy
When the nurse informs a client's employer of his autoimmune deficiency disease, the nurse is committing the tort of:
Invasion of privacy
A nurse working in a long-term care facility has an older adult male client who is very confused. Which ethical dilemma is posed when using restraints in a long-term care setting?
It threatens autonomy.
A student is conducting a literature review to identify a problem area for his research paper. Which of the following should the student remember when conducting a literature review?
Journal reference lists provide sources for original articles.
A mother always thanks clerks at the grocery store. Her daughter, age 6 years, echoes her thank you. The child is demonstrating what mode of value transmission?
Modeling
Staff nurses in an ICU setting have noticed that their clients required less interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They passed their observations on to a nurse researcher and asked the researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?
Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health.
One step in implementing evidence-based practice is to ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention. The most common method is the PICO format. Which of the following accurately defines the letters in the PICO acronym?
P = population
A client who is a chronic alcoholic is admitted to the healthcare facility with cirrhosis of the liver, reporting pain in the abdomen. The client expresses to the nurse that his family does not love and respect him because of his addiction to alcohol. He admits that is unable to perform his role as the bread winner of the family. Which of the following needs should be a priority for the nurse?
Pain in the abdomen
Upon entering the hospital system, the nurse discusses the rights and responsibilities that the client is entitled to in the institution. The information the nurse discusses is commonly referred to as:
Patient's Bill of Rights
There are four concepts common in all nursing theories. Which one of the four concepts is the focus of nursing?
Person
A client undergoing chemotherapy for a brain tumor believes that having a good attitude will help in the healing process. This is an example of what type of knowledge?
Philosophy
A nurse researcher is collecting nominal data. What type of research is being conducted?
Quantitative research
Which type of quantitative research will examine cause-and-effect relationships between selected variables?
Quasi-experimental
A nurse has taken a telephone order from a physician for an emergency medication. The dose of the medication is abnormally high. What should the nurse do next?
Question the order for the medication.
What would be an example of the nurse practicing fidelity? The nurse:
stays with the client during his death as promised.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics?
the promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:
use of outcome studies to guide decisions.
Information is collected for analysis in both quantitative and qualitative research. What is the information called?
Data
The nursing student demonstrates the need for further instruction with which statement concerning moral values?
"Moral values give individuals some sense of what is right and wrong."
A client is questioning the need for surgery. The client asks the nurse, "What should I do?" What answer by the nurse is based on advocacy?
"Tell me what reason you do not want the surgery."
Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, when prioritizing a patient's plan of care, what would be the nurse's first priority?
Administering pain medication.
Which word is best described by the following: the protection and support of another's rights?
Advocacy
A client age 46 years has been diagnosed with cancer. He has met with the oncologist and is now weighing his options to undergo chemotherapy or radiation as his treatment. This client is utilizing which ethical principle in making his decision?
Autonomy
A woman age 83 years who has suffered a cerebrovascular accident and is unable to swallow refuses the insertion of a feeding tube. This is an example of what ethical principle?
Autonomy
Which principle underlies the ethical conduction of research in a hospital setting?
Clients must grant informed consent if they are to participate.
A nurse provides client care within a philosophy of ethical decision making and professional expectations. What is the nurse using as a framework for practice?
Code of Ethics
A client is discussing informed consent prior to a scheduled procedure. Informed consent includes what rights? Select all that apply.
Confidentiality Right of refusal to participate Right to withdraw from treatment at any time
A hospice nurse is caring for a client with terminal cancer. The family would like the client to continue aggressive therapy to treat the cancer, but the client has voiced to the nurse that no further pursuit of treatment is desired. The nurse speaks to the family about the client's wishes, condition, and terminal state. This action is most likely derived from which nursing obligation?
Ethical values
The nurse finds that there have been several opportunities to share personal prescriptions with family members when they were in need of pain medication or antibiotics. Which area of rules should govern the nurse's moral decision?
Ethics
Using the nursing process to make ethical decisions involves following several steps. Which step is the nurse implementing when she reflects on the decision-making process and the role it will play in making future decisions?
Evaluating
A parent teaches his or her children not to drink and drive; however, the parent does drink and drive. This action causes
Failure to reflect own values
A client rings the call bell to request pain medication. Upon performing the pain assessment, the nurse informs the client that she will return with the pain medication. The nurse's promise to return with the pain medication is an example of which principle of bioethics?
Fidelity
A nurse states to the client that she will keep her free of pain. However, her family wishes to try a treatment to prolong her life that may necessitate withholding pain medication. This factor will cause an ethical dilemma for the nurse in relation to which ethical principle?
Fidelity
Which theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?
General systems theory
A dying client tells the nurse that he doesn't want to see his family because he doesn't want to cause them more sadness. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
Help the client clarify his values.
Values are known to affect a person's functional health. Which of the following values may be related to the perception of health? Select all that apply.
Responsibility Discipline Cooperation
After reviewing several research articles, the clinical nurse specialist on a medical surgical unit rewrites the procedure on assessing placement of a nasogastric tube. What source of nursing knowledge did the nurse use in this situation?
Scientific knowledge
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of human needs, which of the following is the highest level of need(s)?
Self-actualization
A competent adult client is scheduled for surgery. Who signs the informed consent form to allow the surgery?
The client
The client was diagnosed with diabetes three years ago, but has failed to integrate regular blood glucose monitoring or dietary modifications into his lifestyle. He has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of acute renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy, an event that has prompted the client to reassess his values. Which action most clearly demonstrates that this client is engaging in the step of prizing within his valuing process?
The client expresses pride that he now has the knowledge and skills to take control of his diabetes management.
A client is admitted with symptoms of psychosis. The nurse hurries to the client's room when she hears the client calling for help. She finds the client lying on the ground. The nurse assists the client back to the bed and performs a thorough assessment. The nurse informs the physician and completes the incident report. Which statement should the nurse document in the incident report?
The client was found lying on the floor.
How are the first stages of the nursing process and nursing research linked?
The nurse assesses problems initially.
The nurse is applying evidence-based practice (EBP) during a client's wound care. What characteristics of EBP does the nurse demonstrate? Select all that apply.
The nurse is using a problem-solving approach. The nurse uses the best evidence available. The nurse blends the science and art of nursing.
Which phrase best describes a value?
a belief about the worth of something to guide behavior
A conceptual framework is defined as:
a set of concepts and propositions.
One of the primary focuses of nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice.
What are common characteristics of nursing theories? Select all that apply.
A nursing theory provides a rational and knowledgeable reason for nursing interventions. A nursing theory directs nurses toward improved client care. A nursing theory provides a base for discussion of nursing issues. A nursing theory helps to resolve current nursing issues.
A nursing student is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The student is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nursing student reading?
Abstract
Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to do good?
Beneficence
Having recently completed a specialty nursing program in neonatal care, a nurse is now preparing to leave her current position on a medical unit and begin providing care in the hospital's neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The nurse has completed which of the following processes of credentialing?
Certification
A nurse is providing care for three clients on a medical unit, two of whom are significantly more acute than the third. The nurse is making a concerted effort to ensure that the less acute client still receives a reasonable amount of time, attention, and care during the course of the shift. Which of the following is the nurse attempting to enact?
Justice
Which of the following modes of value transmission is most likely to lead to confusion and conflict?
Laissez-faire
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
Evaluating practice change
A client with cancer of the stomach tells the nurse, "I cannot bear the pain anymore. Please give me something to end all my suffering and this agonizing pain." The nurse faces a value conflict. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind in this situation?
Human need may affect the values conflict.
What is the ultimate goal of expanding nursing knowledge through nursing research?
Learn improved ways to promote and maintain health
A nurse does not assist with ambulation for a postoperative client on the first day after surgery. The client falls and fractures a hip. What charge might be brought against the nurse?
Negligence
A nurse using the principle-based approach to client care seeks to avoid causing harm to clients in all situations. What is this principle known as?
Nonmaleficence
Which of the following represents the basic framework of the research process?
Nursing Process
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
A client who is scheduled for hernioplasty needs clarification regarding the procedure. The nurse calls the physician at the client's insistence. The physician, who is in a bad mood, is overheard telling the client that the nurse does not know anything. Which legal tort has the physician committed?
Slander
A client on a surgical unit asks for the nurse's opinion of the surgeon. The nurse replies, "He is rude. His clients always end up with infections." The nurse is at risk of being accused of which of the following?
Slander/defamation
A nurse is providing homecare to a client with a diabetic foot ulcer who needs daily insulin injections. The family caregivers do not possess the technical skill to inject insulin. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind?
The nurse needs to be creative in integrating the technical and relational aspects of care
A client is unhappy with the health care provided to him. He approaches the nurse and informs her that he is leaving the facility. The client has not been discharged by the physician. The nurse finds that the client has dressed and is ready to go. What would the nurse's action be in this situation?
The nurse should call the nursing supervisor and inform her about the situation.
A group of nurse researchers has proposed a study to examine the efficacy of a new wound care product. Which aspect of the methodology demonstrates that the nurses are attempting to maintain the ethical principle of nonmaleficence?
The nurses are taking every reasonable measure to ensure that no participants experience impaired wound healing as a result of the study intervention.
The nurse is preparing to submit a research project to the institutional review board (IRB). What outcome does the nurse determine will occur when the project passes through the IRB?
ethical principles will be followed for all participants
A nursing student is formulating a problem statement for his research project. What will ensure that the study is a logical extension of the problem cited?
The population being studied is specified in the problem statement.
A client gets out of bed following hip surgery, falls, and re-injures her hip. The nurse caring for her knows that it is her duty to make sure an incident report is filed. Which statement accurately describes the correct procedure for filing an incident report?
The report should contain all the variables related to the incident.
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone coronary angioplasty. The cardiac monitor is showing abnormal ECG waves, indicating arterial fibrillation. The nurse does not recognize the importance of the sign; as a result, the client's condition deteriorates and the client has to be taken up for an emergency procedure. Which of the following describes the nurse's legal liability?
Tort
A nurse in a physician's office has noted on several occasions that one of the physicians frequently obtains prescription forms for writing prescriptions for controlled substances. The physician reports that his wife has chronic back pain and requires pain medication. One day the nurse enters the physician's office and sees him take a pill out of a bottle. The doctor mentions that he suffers from migraines and that his wife's pain medication alleviates the pain. What type of nurse-physician ethical situation is illustrated in this scenario?
Unprofessional, incompetent, unethical, or illegal physician practice
A nurse researcher is conducting a scientific literature review. Which statement would be most important for the nurse researcher to keep in mind?
Using a systematic approach for this step is most effective.
Which ethics theory focuses on ends or consequences of actions?
Utilitarian theory
What are standards for decision making that endure for a significant time in one's life?
Values
What is the term for the beliefs held by the individual about what matters?
Values
Breaking the healthcare community into separate entities (such as the medical staff, the nursing staff, management, support staff) and analyzing how they work as a whole together is an example of which nursing theory?
general systems theory
An employee health nurse is assisting a stressed, working mother with value clarification. Which of the following best defines value clarification?
a process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems
To practice ethically, the nurse should:
avoid allowing her judgment to guide practice.
While at lunch, a nurse heard other nurses at a nearby table talking about a client they did not like. When they asked him what he thought, he politely refused to join in the conversation. What value was the nurse demonstrating?
basic respect for human dignity
What phrase best describes the science of nursing?
body of nursing knowledge
A postanesthesia nurse is reporting about a client to the intensive care unit nurse in the elevator. There are staff members and visitors in the elevator. The postanasthesia nurse is doing what?
breaching the client's confidentiality
A nurse is caring for a client who is a celebrity in the area. A person claiming to be a family member inquires about the medical details of the client. The nurse reveals the information but later comes to find out that the person was not a family member. The nurse has violated:
confidentiality.
Which component of nursing practice is central to the care-based approach to bioethics?
nurse-patient relationship
Nursing research is linked most closely to:
nursing process.
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which of the following will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?
preventing skin breakdown
A client who is scheduled for abdominal surgery gives informed consent. While reviewing the client's medical record, the nurse identifies the consent form, interpreting it as most reflective of:
protection of the client's right to self-determination in decision making.
A nurse has a duty of nonmaleficence. Which action would be considered a contradiction to that duty?
refusing to administer pain medication as prescribed
Which of the following illustrates the activity of acting in values clarification?
respecting the human dignity of all clients
As part of a class assignment, a beginning professional nursing student is to prepare a research paper. Which action would be most appropriate to take when identifying a problem area?
review scientific literature to develop a research idea
A nurse is contributing to the analysis of an ethical dilemma. When analysing the dilemma according to the ethical framework, what is most important for the nurse to take into consideration?
standards of conduct.
Which of the following terms is part of quantitative research?
variable
