NURS 420 community health practice test 4 (Ch 25-32)

Homicides are least likely to be perpetrated by a(n): a. Friend b. Acquaintance c. Family member d. Stranger

d. Stranger

5. Which of the following agencies are responsible for implementing and enforcing local, state, and federal public health codes and ordinances and providing essential public health programs to a community? A. Community health clinics B. Federal health agencies C. Local health agencies D. State health agencies

C. Local health agencies

14. Which of the following is the leading cause of disability for Americans 15 to 44 years of age? A. Accidents B. Arthritis C. Major depressive disorder D. Workplace injuries

C. Major depressive disorder

The future of school nursing is very strong and will be further enhanced by the future trend in which of the following? a. Development of an HIV/AIDS health curriculum b. Enhanced use of picture boards c. Improving the air quality of school buildings d. Telehealth and telecounseling

d. Telehealth and telecounseling

3. Which of the following best describes why it is helpful to be a member of a faith community? A. Belief and traditions help with coping. B. Members can ask others in the group for help. C. It is a social outlet. D. Members are able to get others to contribute to the causes they support.

A. Belief and traditions help with coping.

Which of the following events led to the emphasis on home care nurses caring for acutely ill clients and the increased demands for extensive documentation? a. Advances in medical technology and pharmacology b. Increased number of lawsuits for substandard care c. Introduction of Medicare d. Social Security Act of the 1930s

c. Introduction of Medicare

3. The public health administrator is in the process of hiring a new public health nurse. Which of the following statements made by an applicant would most likely result in the applicant not being hired? A. "I like to be the only person working on a project because individuals in teams have their own ideas and plans and the resulting debate slows progress." B. "I prefer to work in teams because no single person has too much responsibility because the burden is shared." C. "Teamwork is better than work done by individuals because teamwork incorporates different perspectives." D. "Whether teamwork is better than work done by individuals depends on the nature of the work being performed."

A. "I like to be the only person working on a project because individuals in teams have their own ideas and plans and the resulting debate slows progress."

3. Which of the following groups should the occupational health nurse devote the most time to regarding education and follow-up evaluation? A. New workers employed less than 1 year B. Older workers with chronic illnesses C. Older workers with diminished hearing D. Women in their childbearing years

A. New workers employed less than 1 year

25. An occupational health nurse should be aware of which of the following trends in the marketplace? (Select all that apply.) A. A majority of new jobs will be in service-oriented employment. B. Employees will often have compressed work weeks, shift work, and reduced job security. C. A majority of positions will still be held by males. D. Many employees will be older and suffer chronic health problems.

A. A majority of new jobs will be in service-oriented employment. B. Employees will often have compressed work weeks, shift work, and reduced job security. D. Many employees will be older and suffer chronic health problems.

6. A nurse at a migrant clinic assists clients with completing the application process to receive supplemental food assistance. Which of the following roles of the nurse is being used? A. Advocate B. Case manager C. Outreach worker D. Primary caregiver

A. Advocate

1. Which of the following best describes the primary difference between parish nursing and all other nursing positions? A. Affiliation with a church or congregation B. Incorporation of spiritual aspects into nursing care C. Provision of holistic nursing care D. Residence within the community of service

A. Affiliation with a church or congregation

11. A nurse is providing care to a pregnant teenager. Which of the following principles is the most important for the nurse to consider when providing care? A. All teen pregnancies are considered high-risk. B. Limited self-care knowledge can lead to pregnancy complications. C. Pregnant teens are likely to receive prenatal care late in the pregnancy. D. Pregnant teens may have limited financial resources to pay for care.

A. All teen pregnancies are considered high-risk.

7. A nurse makes the suggestion that the 2-week shift rotations should be set up so that the next rotation in shifts is later rather than earlier. Which of the following is the nurse attempting to prevent through this suggestion? A. Anxiety, depression, and exhaustion B. Family turmoil C. Physical illnesses D. Sleeping disorders

A. Anxiety, depression, and exhaustion

9. Which of the following best describes the role of nursing in community health? A. Application of nursing and public health theory in promoting, preserving, and maintaining health of individuals, families, or communities B. Health care provision offered in primary and secondary institutions or in the client's home C. Provision of health care services in institutions located in the community but outside the hospital D. Use of the nursing process and evidence-based practice to meet Healthy People 2020objectives for community health improvement

A. Application of nursing and public health theory in promoting, preserving, and maintaining health of individuals, families, or communities

19. A nurse would like to increase the accessibility to health care services for mentally ill homeless clients in the community. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? A. Apply for a grant to fund a mobile clinic to take health care to the clients. B. Distribute flyers to the homeless that detail the location of various types of health care services. C. Refer homeless clients to areas that provide temporary housing. D. Solicit donations for food and clothing to be distributed to the homeless.

A. Apply for a grant to fund a mobile clinic to take health care to the clients.

17. Research reveals that people who pray more frequently score lower in physical functioning and score higher in their level of pain. Which of the following conclusions has been drawn from these findings? A. As persons become more disabled, they pray to retain their mental health and obtain comfort. B. Everyone prays more as they get older or become ill. C. Praying decreases physical functioning and increases pain. D. Research findings are sometimes inaccurate due to extraneous variables.

A. As persons become more disabled, they pray to retain their mental health and obtain comfort.

18. A nurse is concerned about stress related to the heavy caregiving burden assumed by adult children of older clients. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates the use of secondary prevention to limit caregiver stress? A. Asking caregivers how they are doing and suggesting coping strategies B. Encouraging caregivers to periodically leave the house for a couple of hours C. Establishing support groups for caregivers of older parents D. Referring some activities to neighbors and friends

A. Asking caregivers how they are doing and suggesting coping strategies

9. A nurse is considering accepting the parish nursing position within his congregation. Which of the following educational preparation is crucial for the nurse to have received? A. Baccalaureate education including community health nursing experience B. Graduate education in community health nursing C. Passing the national certifying exam for parish health nursing D. Worship experiences for the process of ministry

A. Baccalaureate education including community health nursing experience

20. Which of the following activities are addressed by most public health departments on the federal, state, and local levels? (Select all that apply.) A. Collecting and analyzing various health statistics B. Fining or terminating business at any facility that engages in unsafe commercial practices C. Identifying and planning for high-risk populations D. Planning for and responding to emergencies

A. Collecting and analyzing various health statistics C. Identifying and planning for high-risk populations D. Planning for and responding to emergencies

16. A nurse would like to maximize her autonomy in her parish nursing practice. Which of the following models of parish nursing would most likely be preferred by the nurse? A. Congregation-based model B. Institution-based model C. Teamwork model D. Partnership model

A. Congregation-based model

19. A nurse is employed by a state public health department. Which of the following functions would most likely be completed by this agency? (Select all that apply.) A. Delegating power to engage in certain activities such as quarantine B. Enforcing laws and regulations that protect public health C. Filing birth and death certificates whenever these occur within the state D. Monitoring health status of citizens within its geographic boundaries

A. Delegating power to engage in certain activities such as quarantine B. Enforcing laws and regulations that protect public health D. Monitoring health status of citizens within its geographic boundaries

2. A nurse who works for a hospital in employee health notes that several nurses from one unit have missed work after contracting a communicable disease from a patient. Which of the following best describes the host factor? A. Each sick nurse B. The communicable disease C. The hospital D. The patient

A. Each sick nurse

14. Which of the following factors is causing nursing to change so quickly? A. Economic issues B. Increases in medical and nursing knowledge C. Legislative issues D. Technology changes

A. Economic issues

5. Which of the following hospital employees are most at risk for being exposed to and possibly developing active drug-resistant TB? A. Housekeeping staff B. Medical staff C. Nursing staff D. Ward clerks

A. Housekeeping staff

24. Which of the following describes how occupational health nursing differs from other nursing specialties? (Select all that apply.) A. It is autonomous, because the occupational nurse works independently. B. The major focus is on the environment. C. Nurses focus on health promotion and disease prevention. D. Nursing care is given in the community.

A. It is autonomous, because the occupational nurse works independently. B. The major focus is on the environment.

4. An employee in a laboratory drops a flask, resulting in a chemical splash into the employee's eyes, which in turn results in burns to the eyes. Which of the following would be considered the agent? A. The chemical B. The employee C. The flask D. The laboratory

A. The chemical

8. A group of parish nurses affiliated with a number of faith-based communities located in different regions across the state are attending a quarterly meeting. Which of the following statements made by one of them indicates a lack of understanding of parish nursing? A. "I always make sure to have new clients sign a release of information form to obtain their health record from their previous parish nurse." B. "Because I work for and within the church, I am immune from civil laws." C. "The pastor and I work together for the spiritual health of the community." D. "Yes, I am happy to pray with my clients and help them worship."

B. "Because I work for and within the church, I am immune from civil laws."

10. A school health nurse presents a program on preventing teen pregnancy to a group of parents. Following the presentation, which of the following comments by a parent would cause concern? A. "I do not know if my son is sexually active; however, I have decided I'm going to talk to him about it." B. "My daughter is too intelligent to get involved with boys, even if her friends do sleep around." C. "My daughter and I have often discussed sexuality, and when she's ready, I'll pay for her birth control pills. D. "I have spoken to my son about birth control. He says he's not ready to be a father and support a baby. He wants to go to college."

B. "My daughter is too intelligent to get involved with boys, even if her friends do sleep around."

14. Which of the following statements by a parish nurse exhibits a lack of understanding of the concept of pastoral care? A. "By working with my clients to help them identify their spiritual strengths, I am drawing on pastoral care aspects of practice." B. "To incorporate pastoral care, I should involve the pastor in ministering to the members of the congregation." C. "I use pastoral care when I emphasize the spiritual dimension of nursing when providing care." D. "When I lend support to my clients during times of joy, as well as during their times of sorrow, this illustrates an important aspect of pastoral care."

B. "To incorporate pastoral care, I should involve the pastor in ministering to the members of the congregation."

20. According to the Federal Register, which of the following is the minimum income needed by a family of four to meet the basic needs for healthy living (that is, an income below this amount is considered insufficient to provide the food, shelter and clothing needed to preserve health)? A. $21,200 B. $23,050 C. $25,200 D. $27,050

B. $23,050

12. The nurse is making a postpartum visit to a teenage mother and her month-old infant. Which of the following assessments would be most important? A. Assessing for mother's ability to fulfill her own growth and development tasks B. Assessing for mother's knowledge about normal infant growth and development C. Assessing how much the teenage mother's own mother is helping her cope with child care D. Assessing whether the baby's father is being helpful to the mother

B. Assessing for mother's knowledge about normal infant growth and development

11. A nurse is considering applying for a public health nurse position at a local health department. Which of the following minimum levels of educational preparation should the nurse have obtained? A. Associate degree in nursing B. Baccalaureate degree in nursing C. Master of science degree in nursing D. Training as a licensed practical nurse

B. Baccalaureate degree in nursing

2. Which of the following racial groups experiences the highest incidence of poverty? A. Non-Hispanic Whites B. Blacks C. Hispanics D. Asians

B. Blacks

22. Which of the following statements best describes how workers' compensation legislation has changed employer behavior? A. Employers have improved safety of working conditions because safety data is now public information. B. Companies have improved safety of working conditions because worker's compensation insurance premiums are now based on previous claims. C. Employers were legally required to implement safety changes. D. Companies have become more involved in the legislative process.

B. Companies have improved safety of working conditions because worker's compensation insurance premiums are now based on previous claims.

4. A school nurse was talking to the teacher of an 8-year-old child who was living with her mother in their car. Which of the following concerns would lead the nurse to talk to the teacher about the child? A. Concern that the child is being mistreated by other children B. Concern that the child has developmental delays C. Concern that the child is given adequate food during lunch D. Concern that the child may need to sit in the front in order to be able to see well

B. Concern that the child has developmental delays

23. A nurse is concerned about a teenage mother who does not seem to know how to play with an infant. Which of the following behaviors would the nurse want to role-model as good parenting behaviors? (Select all that apply.) A. Allow the baby to cry for 10 or 15 minutes before reacting so that the infant can learn to self-soothe. B. Cuddle and hold the baby while smiling and gazing into the baby's eyes. C. Teach the mother to keep her face about 4 or 5 inches from the baby and to gently blow on the infant's face. D. Sing to baby with different melodies until baby seems to listen and shows a preference for certain tunes.

B. Cuddle and hold the baby while smiling and gazing into the baby's eyes. D. Sing to baby with different melodies until baby seems to listen and shows a preference for certain tunes.

9. A nurse is working to ensure long-term positive health outcomes of poor pregnant teens and their children. Which of the following actions would the nurse most likely take? A. Assist teen mothers to learn about their body changes during pregnancy. B. Develop programs that allow teen mothers to complete their education. C. Offer courses in proper care of babies and how to be a parent. D. Monitor pregnant teens to detect early problems with pregnancy.

B. Develop programs that allow teen mothers to complete their education.

1. Which of the following is the underlying science or area of study on which public health is based? A. Biostatistics B. Epidemiology C. Medicine D. Social sciences

B. Epidemiology

13. A parish nurse is evaluating health programs that provide holistic care across the life span. Which of the following methods would be the most appropriate approach? A. Bringing families together to plan programs to meet the needs of individuals B. Establishing a wellness committee to assist in the evaluation process C. Matching financial resources with program objectives and goals D. Revisiting assessment data to be certain that planning reflects actual problems observed

B. Establishing a wellness committee to assist in the evaluation process

5. Which of the following is the most rapidly growing group of homeless? A. Adolescents B. Families with children C. Persons in crisis D. Single men

B. Families with children

18. A nurse is working at a local health department. Which of the following would most likely be completed by this agency? A. Enforcement of laws and regulations related to public health nationwide B. Filing of a certificate for any birth or death in a community C. Providing experts in various specialties to answer questions and respond as needed D. Surveying the state's public health needs

B. Filing of a certificate for any birth or death in a community

1. A nurse was shocked when late one night she saw a former high school friend going through a trash bin outside a fast-food restaurant and pulling out half-eaten food. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for a healthy young adult engaging in such behavior? A. He ate his meal but wanted more and had no more money. B. He had full-time employment, but with such a low salary it was inadequate to meet basic expenses. C. A friend had thrown his meal away, and he thought he could find his friend's untouched food. D. He was doing this to fulfill an obligation of fraternity initiation at the college.

B. He had full-time employment, but with such a low salary it was inadequate to meet basic expenses.

2. To help congregation members better meet their nutritional needs, the parish nurse organized members to participate in activities that focused on fellowship while providing healthy meals to homebound members and serving "healthy heart" church suppers. Which of the following activities is being completed? A. Entitlement programs B. Health ministries C. Partnerships D. Pastoral care practices

B. Health ministries

16. Which of the following groups is most at risk for suicide? A. Adolescents under age 20 B. Men over age 85 C. Females 25 to 45 years of age D. Women over age 65

B. Men over age 85

7. The nurse who works at a homeless clinic wants to improve healing of chronic wounds in clients living on the streets. Which of the following would be the best action to take to improve client outcomes? A. Provide antibiotics to all homeless persons with chronic, nonhealing wounds B. Offer daily access to a room with soap, water, and bandages C. Hand out free bandaging supplies following each clinic visit D. Perform regular monitoring of the client's wound condition

B. Offer daily access to a room with soap, water, and bandages

15. A parish nurse is using the institution-based model to plan care for a client with a chronic illness. Which of the following activities would the nurse most likely implement? A. Bringing in family members to work with the client and nurse in decision making B. Partnering with outlying health care centers for coordinating optimal care C. Pulling from the collective strengths of faith-based community members for social support for the client D. Relying on congregational prayer as a component of healing

B. Partnering with outlying health care centers for coordinating optimal care

15. A nurse is implementing a primary prevention activity to decrease the incidence of communicable disease. Which of the following actions is the nurse most likely taking? A. Identifying and treating clients in a sexually transmitted disease clinic B. Partnering with schoolteachers to teach and observe hand washing techniques in elementary school children C. Providing case management services that link clients with communicable diseases to health care and community support services D. Performing directly observed therapy (DOT) for clients with active tuberculosis

B. Partnering with schoolteachers to teach and observe hand washing techniques in elementary school children

19. A parish nurse is implementing a primary prevention measure related to obesity among the school-age members of the church. Which of the following activities is most likely being used by the nurse? A. Establishing a walking program that is sufficiently challenging yet not too strenuous for those who are obese B. Partnering with youth camp cooks to ensure that food is nutritious C. Supervising height and weight measurements taken by clinic assistants D. Working with parents of obese children to implement family lifestyle changes

B. Partnering with youth camp cooks to ensure that food is nutritious

11. The occupational health nurse continually reminds employees to wear their safety goggles and ear plugs. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented? A. Both secondary and tertiary prevention B. Primary prevention C. Secondary prevention D. Tertiary prevention

B. Primary prevention

21. What did events after September 11, 2001, clearly demonstrate? (Select all that apply.) A. A strong public health structure ready to respond effectively to a crisis B. Public health's need for additional funding and resources C. The unrecognized importance of nurses in lowering health care costs D. Lack of adequate vaccines to meet community's needs

B. Public health's need for additional funding and resources C. The unrecognized importance of nurses in lowering health care costs D. Lack of adequate vaccines to meet community's needs

13. An occupational health nurse periodically conducts spirometry testing of employees who work around hazardous gases. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented? A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. Tertiary care prevention

B. Secondary prevention

16. A public health nurse traces sexual contacts of clients with sexually transmitted diseases for screening and treatment. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented? A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. Secondary and tertiary prevention

B. Secondary prevention

27. Which of the following are the primary reasons that employers have increasingly focused on ensuring a healthy and safe environment for workers? (Select all that apply.) A. To fulfill their ethical and moral responsibility B. To avoid the cost of liability suits, workers' compensation, etc. C. To maintain good public relations D. To meet legislated standards and avoid significant penalties for noncompliance

B. To avoid the cost of liability suits, workers' compensation, etc. D. To meet legislated standards and avoid significant penalties for noncompliance

28. An occupational health nurse wants to know the NAICS code of a prospective employer. Which of the following best explains why the nurse would be interested in this information? (Select all that apply.) A. To assess how others have rated the company in relation to employment there B. To compare the prospective employer's injury rate with similar employers' rates C. To learn more about the usual processes and products of the company as well as typical hazards D. To learn how employees feel about the employer

B. To compare the prospective employer's injury rate with similar employers' rates C. To learn more about the usual processes and products of the company as well as typical hazards

21. Which of the following best describes the mission of OSHA? A. To create an inspection system to avoid preventable loss of life B. To ensure safe and healthful working conditions C. To establish rules for employee safety D. To share factory illness and injury rates with the public

B. To ensure safe and healthful working conditions

15. An occupational health nurse is working with the manager to change the assignment of an employee from working with heavy metal to using machinery to assist with loading and unloading boxes at the truck dock. Which of the following best explains the rationale for this change? A. To prevent injury B. To limit disability C. To provide primary prevention D. To provide tertiary prevention

B. To limit disability

4. Which of the following federal agencies is most influential in public health activities? A. The Agency for Healthcare, Research, and Quality B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention C. Department of Health and Human Services D. Food and Drug Administration

C. Department of Health and Human Services

26. Which of the following explains why some occupational health specialists are very concerned about chemicals in the workplace? (Select all that apply.) A. All chemicals are inherently dangerous to humans. B. Chemicals are often used when natural substances are equally effective. C. Effects of chemicals can be cumulative. D. Interactions of chemicals are typically unknown.

C. Effects of chemicals can be cumulative. D. Interactions of chemicals are typically unknown.

8. In which of the following settings have nurses most often reported being the victims of violence, especially by patients and their families? A. Acute care inpatient settings B. Community clinics and physicians' offices C. Emergency departments and psychiatric units D. In homes during home health visits

C. Emergency departments and psychiatric units

23. Which of the following would most likely be one of the first steps taken in employer disaster planning? A. All employees are invited to attend sessions on disaster planning. B. Employers stress the importance of disaster drills and encourage active participation. C. Exhaustive inventory of chemicals and industrial hazards is completed. D. Written disaster plans are distributed to each employee and each worksite.

C. Exhaustive inventory of chemicals and industrial hazards is completed.

20. Which of the following interventions regarding worker safety would be the least effective? A. Using job rotation and workplace monitoring B. Designing equipment so that employee exposure to hazards is minimized C. Having employees use safety measures and personal protective equipment D. Designing the environment to encourage employees to follow workplace procedures

C. Having employees use safety measures and personal protective equipment

12. A faith community nurse is partnering with a local public health department to develop programs for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention activities. Which of the following should be used as the primary guide for development? A. Contemporary articles in nursing journals B. Evidence-based practice guidelines for treatment of disease C. Healthy People 2020 goals and objectives D. Preferences of partners who are funding the programs

C. Healthy People 2020 goals and objectives

21. A nurse is working to improve her self-awareness in order to provide better client-centered care to clients living in poverty. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask herself? A. What would I do if I lived in poverty? B. What can be done to get poor people motivated to work? C. How have the media images of poor persons shaped my image of poverty? D. How can community resources assist those living in poverty?

C. How have the media images of poor persons shaped my image of poverty?

6. Which of the following statements best describes how clients and parish nurses typically perceive spiritual health? A. It exists at the point that cure is attained. B. It has a tangential relation to well-being. C. It is part of an ongoing dynamic process. D. It is usually unchanging across the life span.

C. It is part of an ongoing dynamic process.

5. A young woman had been away from home several years before she returned home sick and disheartened. Her mother called a nurse to help. Which of the following behaviors would suggest that the caregiver who arrived was a parish nurse? A. Advanced nursing practice education and skills B. Compassionate, skilled, dedicated touch C. Offered a prayer with the daughter and mother D. Willingness to do whatever was needed by mother or daughter

C. Offered a prayer with the daughter and mother

17. A nurse is trying to decrease the risk for depression among older adults. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement? A. Encourage moving to a nursing home where others of the same age reside. B. Monitor for signs and symptoms of depression. C. Organize an exercise and health promotion program at the local senior citizen center. D. Teach older clients to focus on their strengths rather than their weaknesses.

C. Organize an exercise and health promotion program at the local senior citizen center.

8. Which of the following best describes how public health nurses (PHNs) differed from other health care professions in the early twentieth century? A. PHNs contributed without receiving any salary for doing so. B. PHNs created new settings where health care could be given. C. PHNs gave care to powerless groups. D. PHNs worked outside any organized health care system.

C. PHNs gave care to powerless groups.

15. A community mental health nurse is working within the community to help prevent youth violence. Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by the nurse? A. Distributing literature that associates violence with a lack of intelligence B. Explaining to youth why youth violence is detrimental to society C. Partnering with associations to provide alternative activities that improve social skills D. Recommending increased funding to prosecute and jail teens associated with violent activity

C. Partnering with associations to provide alternative activities that improve social skills

8. A nurse is assessing a young, single pregnant woman. Which of the following findings would be of most concern? A. Elevated blood pressure B. First prenatal visit at 5 months' gestation C. Persistent homelessness D. Positive STD test

C. Persistent homelessness

17. A community mental health nurse is implementing a tertiary prevention activity. Which of the following interventions is most likely being completed? A. Disseminating information about mental health to community organizations B. Partnering with school health nurses for early identification of children who have evidence of mental health problems C. Providing case management services that link clients with serious mental illnesses to mental health and community support services D. Screening high-risk clients for the presence of mental disorders

C. Providing case management services that link clients with serious mental illnesses to mental health and community support services

12. An occupational health nurse is removing a foreign body from a patient's eye. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented? A. Injury prevention B. Primary prevention C. Secondary prevention D. Tertiary prevention

C. Secondary prevention

22. A teenager who has just come in for her prenatal visit appears to be about 6 months pregnant. Which of the following best describe why the teenage girl has waited so long to come in for prenatal care? (Select all that apply.) A. Her friends were suggesting ways to make the problem go away. B. She knew she could not be pregnant because her boyfriend said he used a condom. C. She was afraid her parents would pressure her to terminate the pregnancy. D. She kept hoping the pregnancy would just go away.

C. She was afraid her parents would pressure her to terminate the pregnancy. D. She kept hoping the pregnancy would just go away.

4. Which of the following principles is central to the role of the parish nurse? A. Advanced nursing practice education and skills B. Faith consistent with the community and its leadership C. Spiritual dimension of care D. Willingness to serve anyone in need

C. Spiritual dimension of care

3. A school nurse was caring for an 8-year-old child who had been hurt on the school playground. During the nurse's assessment, the child admitted that her mother was working but didn't make much money so the girl and her mother were living in their car. Based on this information, which of the following would the nurse most likely suspect? A. The child is accident-prone and clumsy. B. The child is being bullied and pushed around by other children. C. The child is more likely to have school absences. D. The child is in need of a vision screening.

C. The child is more likely to have school absences.

18. A nurse keeps ongoing documentation of all the clients seen at the community health clinic. The nurse enters the demographic data and the primary diagnoses into the computer to have a comprehensive perspective of the clinic's clients. Which of the following best explains why the nurse is collecting this data? A. This data will be useful in a research study the nurse is conducting. B. This data will provide evidence of clinic resources being wasted on minor health problems. C. This data will help identify patterns in the risk factors associated with a particular subgroup. D. This data can be used to show trends that can be included in the next grant proposal for further funding.

C. This data will help identify patterns in the risk factors associated with a particular subgroup.

20. A parish nurse has been using pastoral activities when providing care to clients. Which of the following interventions is the nurse most likely using? (Select all that apply.) A. Helping families plan healthy nutritious meals and get plenty of rest B. Giving health education classes to the congregation C. Using hymns and scripture as a source of guidance and comfort D. Helping identify spiritual strengths that may assist in coping

C. Using hymns and scripture as a source of guidance and comfort D. Helping identify spiritual strengths that may assist in coping

10. A family shared their concerns, including sexual issues, in strictest confidence with a faith community nurse. When the nurse returned to the church office, the pastor asked why the family wanted to see her. Which of the following statements would be the best response by the nurse? A. "Because you are my supervisor, I will summarize what was said for you." B. "I will include that information in my report to our church's wellness committee." C. "They just wanted me to assess their health needs and make some suggestions." D. "The family had some issues they wanted to discuss in confidence, which I will keep in confidence."

D. "The family had some issues they wanted to discuss in confidence, which I will keep in confidence."

16. A nurse is completing a health history on a client during a routine physical exam. Which of the following questions, which is often omitted, should be asked by the nurse? A. "How is your family doing?" B. "What problems have you been having?" C. "What health concerns do you have today?" D. "Where do you work and what do you do there?"

D. "Where do you work and what do you do there?"

17. A nurse is interviewing a person who has stated on her entry health form that she is retired. Which of the following is the most crucial question for the nurse to ask? A. "Have you had any problems since leaving your employment?" B. "How do you spend your time now?" C. "What has retirement been like for you?" D. "Where were you previously employed and what did you do there?"

D. "Where were you previously employed and what did you do there?"

13. A mother and her son are in the emergency department. The mother is extremely upset. Earlier, the son had become so angry that he put his hand through a glass window and had to have stitches. The physician suggested a psychiatric consult. Now the mother asks, "Do you think my son is crazy?" Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse? A. "Absolutely not. But a psychiatrist can help your son realize more appropriate ways of displaying anger." B. "Have you had other reasons to think your son is crazy? Perhaps the psychiatrist can reassure you that your son is just an adolescent coping with hormones." C. "Your son is having problems coping with anger. And naturally you're upset. Let the psychiatrist determine whether your son is crazy or not." D. "Your son is having problems with behavior, which is distressing all of you. A psychiatrist may be able to help your son cope with life in a more acceptable way."

D. "Your son is having problems with behavior, which is distressing all of you. A psychiatrist may be able to help your son cope with life in a more acceptable way."

7. Which of the following best describes the primary reason life spans have notably lengthened over the past 100 years? A. Advances in hospital care and procedures B. Advances in medicine and medical research C. Advances in nursing practice D. Advances in public health

D. Advances in public health

18. Although a particular congregation's need was obvious, there simply wasn't enough money to support a parish nurse position. Which of the following community groups would have most likely had a need and funds available to contribute to a shared parish nurse position? A. Childcare center B. Community elementary school C. Community high school D. Elderly housing complex

D. Elderly housing complex

10. Which of the following is the primary reason that large companies are becoming more involved in their employees' personal health and well-being? A. It is an ethical and moral responsibility. B. It improves public relations within the community. C. It allows managers to better understand their employees. D. It provides a cost savings to the company.

D. It provides a cost savings to the company.

6. Which of the following statements best describes why health care of the homeless is so expensive to the community? A. Health conditions of the homeless require increased preventive services. B. Homeless clients typically make more clinic visits for multiple health problems. C. Homeless people spread contagious diseases to those they pass on the street. D. Most care to homeless people takes place in hospital emergency departments.

D. Most care to homeless people takes place in hospital emergency departments.

12. A public health nurse has reviewed the objectives of Healthy People 2020. Which of the following should be the focus for programming in the community related to communicable diseases? A. Encouraging community members to engage in healthy behaviors B. Identifying high-risk sexual behaviors among community members C. Monitoring the sexual activity of adolescents D. Providing information about the hazards of multiple sexual partners

D. Providing information about the hazards of multiple sexual partners

9. The occupational health nurse makes certain all employees have and know how to use personal protective equipment (PPE). Which of the following factors will most likely determine how effective the PPE is in keeping employees safe? A. Comfort level of the PPE B. Effectiveness of the nurse's teaching C. Knowledge level of the employee D. Psychosocial norms of the setting

D. Psychosocial norms of the setting

11. A father confides to the parish nurse that his wife has been hurting their 3-year-old daughter. The nurse examines the daughter and finds evidence of physical abuse. In the parish nurse role, which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Contact the pastor for guidance in handling this situation. B. Recommend that the family be removed from the faith community. C. Refer the family to pastoral services for counseling. D. Report the findings to child protective services.

D. Report the findings to child protective services.

7. Which of the following statements suggests that faith community nursing is a nationally recognized specialty of nursing? A. Academic programs now offer a clinical specialty in parish nursing. B. Faith community nurses are increasingly receiving salaries for their efforts. C. Faith community nursing is being adapted in other countries and to non-Christian faiths. D. Scope and standards of faith community practice have been developed and revised.

D. Scope and standards of faith community practice have been developed and revised.

13. Which of the following is a core competency required of public health nurses? A. Knowledge in the use of high-technology diagnostics B. Knowledge of the implementation of electronic medical records C. Skill in the physical assessment of complex clients D. Skill in developing policy and planning programs

D. Skill in developing policy and planning programs

6. Which of the following is the most common disabling condition when measured by days away from work? A. Bruises B. Cuts and lacerations C. Mental illnesses D. Sprains and strains

D. Sprains and strains

10. A community health nurse is trying to decrease the incidence of emerging infections caused by drug-resistant organisms. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement? A. Lobby for increased use of antibiotics in the treatment and prevention of communicable diseases. B. Notify the Centers for Disease Control regarding any unusual signs and symptoms related to a communicable illness. C. Reinforce the importance of receiving vaccinations according to recommended schedules. D. Teach parents that antibiotics should not be used for treatment of viral infections or for prevention of bacterial infections.

D. Teach parents that antibiotics should not be used for treatment of viral infections or for prevention of bacterial infections.

2. A nurse is employed at the state department of public health. Which of the following is a fundamental principle guiding his practice? A. Decisions are made at the federal level, disseminated at the state level, and carried out at the community level. B. Health of populations is only as good as the health of individuals that live and work in the community. C. Oversight of community health departments is the most important function. D. The interaction of the local-state-federal partnership is critical to success.

D. The interaction of the local-state-federal partnership is critical to success.

1. An occupational health nurse sees the various injuries and diseases that persons can acquire from employment. Which of the following recommendations would the nurse most likely provide about safety in the workplace? A. Find employment in physical labor; at least your body will be in good condition. B. Professional positions are the safest choice for employment. C. White collar positions provide the least risk for injury. D. There is no "safe" occupation or profession.

D. There is no "safe" occupation or profession.

14. The occupational health nurse suggests that an employee work only half-days for three weeks and then return to full-time employment. Which of the following best describes the rationale for this suggestion? A. To provide an example to other employees to ensure future cooperation with safety measures B. To enforce an economic penalty for not obeying nurse's instructions regarding safety measures C. To ensure that all employees keep their positions during an economic downturn D. To continue employment and income with limited duty as a rehabilitation effort after an injury

D. To continue employment and income with limited duty as a rehabilitation effort after an injury

19. As the single occupational health employee at a company, a nurse is busy with safety programs and first aid when employees are hurt. However, the nurse still finds time to walk through the entire facility once a day. Which of the following best explains the rationale for this action by the nurse? A. To document employee efficiency and effectiveness at their jobs B. To look for evidence of personal protective equipment being torn or destroyed C. To observe whether employees are taking their rest periods as scheduled and drinking adequate fluids during the day D. To observe effectiveness of safety education and equipment

D. To observe effectiveness of safety education and equipment

Which of the following comments was most likely stated by a home health nurse? a. "Every time I see a client, it costs $80." b. "Health care costs are killing our economy." c. "I can't believe how much clients are charged for things." d. "Medicaid costs are such a large portion of our state's budget."

a. "Every time I see a client, it costs $80."

2. A nurse is helping a client's family prepare to have an intervention that hopefully will encourage the alcoholic father to realize the need for change. Which of the following instructions by the nurse to the client's family members would be most effective? (Select all that apply.) a. "Express your love and your belief that he can change." b. "Point out that his behavior is his choice and his responsibility." c. "Let him know that you understand how much he loves being with his drinking pals and that you agree that their friendship is important." d. "Remind him that entering treatment is better than going to prison."

a. "Express your love and your belief that he can change." b. "Point out that his behavior is his choice and his responsibility."

The mother of a high school student newly diagnosed with a condition that will require special health care services is concerned that the student will be required to be home-schooled away from the friends he has developed. Which of the following would be the most appropriate response by the school nurse? a. "Federal legislation requires that the school make provisions for those with various challenges, so your child will be able to remain in school as long as he is able." b. "I realize that this will be a difficult adjustment, but home-schooling has improved over recent decades and the Internet will allow your child to connect with friends." c. "Whether your child can remain in school will depend on state funding for those with disabilities. You might want to contact your congressman on this issue." d. "Your child may remain in school as long as he can manage the course requirements and doesn't flunk out."

a. "Federal legislation requires that the school make provisions for those with various challenges, so your child will be able to remain in school as long as he is able."

A nurse orienting to the home health role states, "I don't understand why we have to collaborate with so many other disciplines; this conflicts with the concept of nurses providing all direct care to the client in the home" Which of the following would be the best response? a. "The nurse still provides direct care for the client; however, interdisciplinary collaboration is necessary to prevent fragmentation of care." b. "Direct nursing care is a concept applied to care in tertiary facilities, such as hospitals, where materials are centrally located in one facility. In home health, this is not possible." c. "Even though home health nursing does not provide as much direct care as other nursing specialties in the community, each discipline contributes to client needs from its special knowledge base." d. "Yes, it does create conflict, but Medicare mandates interdisciplinary collaboration."

a. "The nurse still provides direct care for the client; however, interdisciplinary collaboration is necessary to prevent fragmentation of care."

18. A client requests help to stop smoking. Which of the following methods would be the best for the nurse to suggest to the client? a. A combination of interventions, beginning with changing the environment b. Acupuncture to reduce the nicotine cravings c. Behavior modification through hypnosis d. Nicotine replacement products

a. A combination of interventions, beginning with changing the environment

A school nurse is administering medications at the school. Which of the following guidelines should be followed? a. A current drug reference should be available in case information is needed b. The nurse should administer medications brought in from home by the child c. Medications cannot be administered without a physician order d. Narcotics and controlled substances should be kept in a locked cabinet

a. A current drug reference should be available in case information is needed

A nurse working at a battered woman's shelter is counseling a pregnant woman who has just entered the shelter. When assessing the client's history, which information would the client most likely report? a. A history of abuse before pregnancy b. A history of child abuse c. A history of multiple pregnancies d. A history of substance abuse

a. A history of abuse before pregnancy

A second-grade child with cerebral palsy receives services from a physical therapist and occupational therapist during the child's academic day. The school nurse sets up the schedule to ensure that the therapists' visits do not unnecessarily affect the child's academic day negatively. This role of the school nurse is best described as which of the following? a. Case manager b. Counselor c. Consultant d. Direct caregiver

a. Case manager

The board of directors is examining various submitted reports concerning its home health agency. Which of the following reports represents an example of benchmarking? a. A report by the administrator regarding how the home health agency's performance compares with that of other local and national home health agencies b. A report by the chief financial officer regarding a cost-benefit analysis related to technological advances c. A report by the chief nursing officer regarding client outcomes d. A report by the medical director regarding implementation of evidence-based practice into standards of care

a. A report by the administrator regarding how the home health agency's performance compares with that of other local and national home health agencies

A current challenge for home health care is the issue of family responsibility for the role of caregiver. Which of the following statements reflects underlying factors that contribute to this home health care challenge? Select all that apply. a. Able family members with multiple obligations b. Debilitation of family members c. Number of women working outside the home d. Reimbursement to family e. Social support systems for caregivers

a. Able family members with multiple obligations c. Number of women working outside the home e. Social support systems for caregivers

A school nurse suggests to teachers that they have a session on coping strategies and stress management techniques. The nurse also sets up a peer counseling program. Which of the following is the school nurse most likely trying to prevent? a. Adolescent suicides b. Bullying c. Obesity d. Teenagers engaging in violence

a. Adolescent suicides

14. Three women were brought to the emergency department by ambulance after a two-car accident at a busy intersection. Which of the following tests should automatically be done under such circumstances? a. Alcohol blood level b. Cardiac workup c. Pregnancy test d. STD tests

a. Alcohol blood level

A unique characteristic of the standards of practice for school nurses is which of the following? a. Alignment with the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for providing health care to students b. Requirement of bachelor's degrees in nursing and special certification in school nursing c. Restriction on delegation of care to other school personnel d. Use of research findings in the practice of school nursing

a. Alignment with the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for providing health care to students

3. A nurse is screening a client for ATOD problems. Which of the following actions would the nurse most likely complete? (Select all that apply.) a. Assist with identifying help or resources. b. Advise about the need to enter a treatment program. c. Ask about how relationships with family members and friends have been affected. d. Assess amount and pattern of use.

a. Assist with identifying help or resources. d. Assess amount and pattern of use.

A group of nursing students are scheduled to present a program on healthy hearts to various community groups, with a daycare center being the first location. What of the following advice should be given to them by their instructor? a. Base the program on the audience's development and maturity. b. Bring (borrow if necessary) a model of the heart to help explain its functioning. c. Focus on entertaining the learners. d. Have lots of handouts to reinforce the lesson.

a. Base the program on the audience's development and maturity.

A school nurse describes to teachers the characteristics of an adolescent who may be thinking about drastic violence. Which of the following behaviors would suggest the adolescent was having such problems (Select all that apply.) a. Being a gang member b. Damaging property c. Leaving the scene if another student is being bullied or hurt d. Mood swings

a. Being a gang member b. Damaging property d. Mood swings

A school district in the Midwest has included health education, physical education, health services, nutrition services, and counseling, psychological, and social services as components of the student health services. Additionally, the district has integrated family/community involvement, staff health promotion, and a commitment to a healthy school environment in its program design. This school district has adopted the school health service program scope of which of the following? a. CDC's Federal School Health Program b. Healthy Schools, Healthy Communities program c. Healthy People 2020 d. School-linked program

a. CDC's Federal School Health Program

A pregnant teen asks the school nurse to provide information on abortion and a list of health care providers who offer such services. If the school nurse has very strong personal beliefs against abortion, which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? a. Call in another nurse to care for this client. b. Explain, from the nurse's perspective, all the reasons that abortion should be made illegal. c. Offer the student a combination of oral contraceptives to induce spontaneous abortion. d. Provide information on alternatives to abortion and give the client information on adoption agencies.

a. Call in another nurse to care for this client.

A new student's parents had not yet submitted an immunization record, although the nurse had sent a reminder home with the student twice. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse to keep the child in school (Select all that apply.) a. Call the parents or mail another reminder. b. Report the problem to the teacher and the principal. c. Send the child home with a note saying the child cannot return until the immunization record is received. d. Suggest to the parents that if they don't have health care insurance, they may qualify for programs that provide immunizations free.

a. Call the parents or mail another reminder. d. Suggest to the parents that if they don't have health care insurance, they may qualify for programs that provide immunizations free.

Which of the following supplies or equipment should a nurse have available in the school health office (Select all that apply.) a. Cervical spine collars b. Complete emergency kit that fulfills American Hospital Association requirements c. Epinephrine autoinjector kit d. Material for splints

a. Cervical spine collars c. Epinephrine autoinjector kit d. Material for splints

Homicide is the leading cause of death among which population? a. Children and youth between 1 and 19 years of age b. Native American women between 20 and 34 years of age c. White women between 25 and 34 years of age d. African American children between 15 and 19 years of age

a. Children and youth between 1 and 19 years of age

Which of the following best explains why the home health nurse would essentially repeat the same information given to the client by the nurse in the hospital? a. Clients find it difficult to learn in the midst of the stress of the acute care setting and often don't remember what the hospital nurse taught. b. Hearing something from a different person, using different words and examples, can help ensure that learning is retained. c. Home health nurses often don't know what hospital-based nurses have already taught. d. Learning depends on receiving information more than once.

a. Clients find it difficult to learn in the midst of the stress of the acute care setting and often don't remember what the hospital nurse taught.

The school nurse at the intermediate level arranges for a presentation by the trauma educator at the local regional medical center. Bicycle and helmet safety will be the primary topic at the school's open house. This is an example of which of the following school nurse roles? a. Community outreach b. Counselor c. Consultant d. Case manager

a. Community outreach

Home health agency types, whether official, private and voluntary, combination, hospital based, or proprietary, are similar in terms of which of the following? a. Conditions of participation (COP) for Medicare and Medicaid b. Federal income tax exemption status or accreditation status c. Governance models and administrative structures d. Homemaker services or service contracting practices

a. Conditions of participation (COP) for Medicare and Medicaid

The home health nurse completes an initial assessment on a recently admitted home health client. The nurse should now analyze the assessment data and complete what step in the nursing process that is consistent with the standards of home health practice? a. Diagnosis b. Implementation c. Outcome identification d. Planning

a. Diagnosis

A nurse would like to implement a primary prevention effort to decrease the leading cause of death among children and teenagers. Which of the following actions would the nurse most likely take? a. Educate students about injury prevention measures b. Provide free condoms to sexually active students c. Screen for signs and symptoms of cancer d. Invite a guest speaker to talk about living with HIV

a. Educate students about injury prevention measures

Which of the following activities are included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's school health program (Select all that apply.) a. Ensuring a healthy school environment b. Assisting teachers with education related to health c. Encouraging nutritious school meals d. Giving immunizations to students, staff, teachers, and their families

a. Ensuring a healthy school environment b. Assisting teachers with education related to health c. Encouraging nutritious school meals

Secondary prevention activities are the largest responsibility of the school nurse and may include which of the following? Select all that apply. a. Establishing an emergency plan when a child or staff member needs immediate care b. Giving medications to children during the school day c. Participating in developing an individual education plan (IEP) for students with long-term health needs d. Screening for vision, hearing, height and weight, oral health, TB, and scoliosis e. Teaching standard precautions to all staff

a. Establishing an emergency plan when a child or staff member needs immediate care b. Giving medications to children during the school day d. Screening for vision, hearing, height and weight, oral health, TB, and scoliosis e. Teaching standard precautions to all staff

Which of the following is a primary requirement for a client to be eligible for home health nursing and Medicare reimbursement of services? a. Must be homebound b. Must be living in a medically underserved area c. Must be indigent d. Must be insured or eligible for Medicare or Medicaid

a. Must be homebound

When assisting with community planning, nurses should encourage the development of which facilities to reduce the potential for crime and violence in the community? Select all that apply. a. Playgrounds b. Movie theaters c. Swimming pools d. Shopping malls

a. Playgrounds b. Movie theaters c. Swimming pools

The school health nurse has enlisted the assistance of high school role models in the areas of sports and scholarship to provide an antidrug presentation to their peers. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Both primary and secondary

a. Primary

When the nurse helps the community to take a stand against violence and advocates for elected officials and local media to make non-violence a priority, the nurse is engaged in which level of prevention? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Primary care

a. Primary

Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to take when working with a rape survivor? a. Provide continuous care once the victim enters the health care system. b. Examine evidence for its authenticity. c. Work with the criminal justice system to find the rapist. d. Provide long-term therapy for psychological trauma.

a. Provide continuous care once the victim enters the health care system.

1. A mother is concerned that her daughter may be considering experimentation with drugs and alcohol. Which of the following strategies would the nurse suggest the mother implement? (Select all that apply.) a. Provide opportunities for her daughter to develop her talents. b. Provide realistic feedback to the daughter about her performance at school. c. Encourage her daughter to become involved in extracurricular activities. d. Encourage her daughter to develop new friendships.

a. Provide opportunities for her daughter to develop her talents. b. Provide realistic feedback to the daughter about her performance at school. c. Encourage her daughter to become involved in extracurricular activities.

. When making a home visit to a low income, frail, older person's home, a nurse would most likely suspect adult maltreatment if: a. The older person reports giving money to family members on a regular basis. b. The windows of the house are in need of repair. c. The older person spends a great deal of time watching television. d. There are dogs running loose in the yard of the home.

a. The older person reports giving money to family members on a regular basis.

A nurse is providing care to a child who has been abused. Which characteristics are most likely present in this child's family? Select all that apply. a. The parents are unemployed. b. There is no support network willing to offer assistance. c. The parents are not knowledgeable about child development. d. The mother seems frightened of her partner.

a. The parents are unemployed. b. There is no support network willing to offer assistance. c. The parents are not knowledgeable about child development. d. The mother seems frightened of her partner.

Which of the following practices in the home is most crucial? a. Using good handwashing procedures b. Obtaining a puncture-resistant container for family to use for needles c. Putting all contaminated material directly into a trash bag d. Washing all surfaces with disinfectant

a. Using good handwashing procedures

A middle school student approaches the school nurse and asks, "Can I speak with you about something important?" The school nurse responds affirmatively but should also state which of the following? a. "Anything you tell me will be kept private and confidential." b. "If anything you tell me indicates that someone is in danger, the parents and school officials must be told." c. "It may be best for me to set up an appointment with the school counselor." d. "You can always speak to me if you are in trouble or when you need someone to talk to."

b. "If anything you tell me indicates that someone is in danger, the parents and school officials must be told."

An upset mother calls the school nurse and says, "How dare you say my child has lice My child is clean and I keep a clean house! You've obviously made an error." Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse? a. "I'm sorry you're upset, but your child cannot return to school until this problem is addressed." b. "Most lice are found in clean hair. Children often share combs. Let me tell you how to fix the problem." c. "You may have been traveling. Lice are often found in motels." d. "I'm sure you're correct; one of my volunteers probably made an error. I'll recheck."

b. "Most lice are found in clean hair. Children often share combs. Let me tell you how to fix the problem."

9. A home health client has been taking 50 mg of meperidine, a narcotic analgesic, every 4 hours for pain. Which of the following statements made by a nurse to the client's physician indicates a need for further education on narcotics? a. "You need to decrease the time interval between doses to every 3 hours so that my client will maintain pain relief." b. "You need to discontinue that order before my client becomes addicted." c. "You need to increase the meperidine so that my client will achieve adequate pain relief." d. "You need to give my client something in addition to the meperidine."

b. "You need to discontinue that order before my client becomes addicted."

Which of the following should be the minimum requirement for a nurse to be prepared for home health nursing? a. An RN license and a baccalaureate degree in a health-related field b. A baccalaureate degree in nursing and RN licensure c. An associate's degree in nursing and RN licensure d. Eligibility for certification as a home health nurse

b. A baccalaureate degree in nursing and RN licensure

4. A school health nurse is asked by a parent group to explain risk factors for alcoholism. Which of the following information should the nurse include? a. Alcoholism is determined primarily by the family environment. b. Alcoholism is determined partly by genetic factors. c. Persons who are alcoholics are usually women. d. Persons born with fetal alcohol syndrome are alcoholics from birth.

b. Alcoholism is determined partly by genetic factors.

Which of the following is the leading cause of children being absent from school because of a chronic illness? a. Allergies b. Asthma c. Diabetes d. Upper respiratory infections

b. Asthma

Which of the following best explains why the federal government is beginning to fund school-based health centers (Select all that apply.) a. These centers help young children avoid becoming addicted to drugs while still in elementary school. b. Attendance and learning are higher in schools with health clinics. c. These centers help keep children in school longer by distributing birth control and thus avoiding pregnancies. d. Many children have no other source of health care services.

b. Attendance and learning are higher in schools with health clinics. d. Many children have no other source of health care services.

Which of the following best describes the primary reason that school health nurses spend so much time on educational programs that teach children the importance of water and fire safety, using a seatbelt in the car, and wearing a helmet when biking or skateboarding? a. Because children won't know if someone doesn't tell them b. Because injuries are the leading cause of death in children and most injuries are preventable c. Because it is a dangerous world and someone has to warn children about the dangers d. Because teaching is easy and more fun than passing out bandages and documenting care

b. Because injuries are the leading cause of death in children and most injuries are preventable

8. Which of the following addictive drugs is both legal and culturally acceptable throughout almost all of the United States? a. Beer b. Caffeine c. Cigarettes (nicotine) d. Mixed alcoholic beverages

b. Caffeine

Which of the following best describes services that are offered at a school-based health center? a. Employee care at a discounted cost at the school b. Care to others in the community c. Sex education, birth control, family planning, and care throughout pregnancy d. Referral and networking with other health care services in the community

b. Care to others in the community

Each client in the Medicare home care program must be under the care of a doctor (medicine, podiatry, or osteopathy). The home health nurse must involve the doctor in developing a plan of care. The role of the doctor in the home health interdisciplinary team is to do which of the following? a. Achieve the optimal level of functioning by teaching b. Certify/recertify the medical necessity and plan of care c. Deal with the social, emotional, and environmental factors that affect well-being d. Provide maintenance, preventive, and restorative treatment for clients

b. Certify/recertify the medical necessity and plan of care

A public health nurse is working in a community where there have been multiple closures of large factories leaving many individuals without employment. Unemployment places this population at risk for: a. Becoming an abuser at home b. Committing violence in and outside the home c. Applying for unemployment benefits d. Neglecting the needs of their children

b. Committing violence in and outside the home

At the annual community health fair, the school health nurse displays a science booth that examines the hazards of ineffective hand washing. Which of the following best describes the nurse's role in this scenario? a. Consultant b. Community outreach c. Counselor d. Researcher

b. Community outreach

Which of the following is most important for school nurses to master in order to prepare for health care delivery in the future? a. Complementary and alternative therapies such as acupuncture b. Computer and technology use c. Psychoanalytical techniques d. Self-defense techniques

b. Computer and technology use

A school health nurse is requested by the board of education to assist in choosing new playground equipment for an elementary school that meets safety standards. Which of the following best describes the nurse's role in this scenario? a. Case manager b. Consultant c. Counselor d. Health educator

b. Consultant

A disaster has occurred in the community. Which of the following actions should be taken by the school nurse? a. Continue activities as much as possible as if nothing had happened b. Continue to assess for shock and stress c. Help teachers discuss the disaster with their class d. Maintain school routines and activities

b. Continue to assess for shock and stress

Which of the following is a potential advantage of hospital-based home health agencies over other types of home care agencies? a. Administration and management benefits are gained from the expertise of two boards of experts. b. Continuity of care is enhanced. c. Health promotion and illness prevention concerns take precedence over acute care and rehabilitation. d. They are eligible for tax exemptions through affiliated agencies.

b. Continuity of care is enhanced.

12. A teacher sends a student to the school nurse because the student does not seem to be thinking clearly. The nurse notes that the student is having palpitations, as well as elevated pulse, blood pressure, temperature. Which of the following would most likely cause these symptoms? a. Alcohol b. Ecstasy (MDMA) c. Heroin d. Marijuana

b. Ecstasy (MDMA)

What type of abuse is occurring when a child does not receive the basic nurturing and caring needed for healthy development? a. Sexual abuse b. Emotional neglect c. Physical neglect d. Child abuse

b. Emotional neglect

Home health care can be defined as a broad spectrum of health and social services offered in the home environment to recovering, disabled, or chronically ill persons. Participation in providing the needed maintenance care for the home care client is essential by which of the following? a. Chaplain b. Family caregivers c. Home health aides d. Physician

b. Family caregivers

1. Which of the following approaches has research suggested is the most effective way to approach drug addiction? a. Criminal justice system b. Harm reduction c. Punishment approach d. Substance abuse education

b. Harm reduction

When assessing a community, the nurse identifies which factor as a community characteristic for violence? a. Lack of family cohesion b. High crime rate c. Social isolation d. Substance abuse

b. High crime rate

Which of the following statements best describes the most essential difference between home health care and acute client care? a. Acute client care is individualized for the client and family. b. Home health care is provided in the client's environment. c. Reimbursement for home health care varies from that of care provided in institutions. d. The focus of acute client care is on community health.

b. Home health care is provided in the client's environment.

A nurse has just received word that Medicaid will reimburse for care provided to a homeless man with schizophrenia who is afraid to come to the clinic to receive health care. Which of the following best describes this type of nursing? a. Community-oriented nursing b. Home health nursing c. Hospice nursing d. Private duty nursing

b. Home health nursing

. Which is the first action a nurse should take when developing a community program to prevent violence? a. Talk to people who are victims of violence for their opinion. b. Identify factors that lead to violence. c. Develop a plan of action to combat violence. d. Evaluate current community programs.

b. Identify factors that lead to violence.

11. Which of the following is an accurate concern about the use of marijuana? a. Marijuana has painful withdrawal symptoms. b. Marijuana may damage the respiratory tract. c. Marijuana can often reduce pain but physicians refuse to prescribe it. d. Marijuana quickly leads to psychological and physiological dependence.

b. Marijuana may damage the respiratory tract.

17. Which of the following statements accurately describes why methadone is used to treat heroin addiction? a. Addicts come to prefer methadone instead of heroin. b. Methadone blocks the effects of heroin and reduces the craving. c. Methadone prevents further dependence on drugs. d. Methadone gives an enjoyable high, so addicts continue treatment.

b. Methadone blocks the effects of heroin and reduces the craving.

In the agency, one of the nurses spent all available time visiting a group of persons with mental health problems who were trying to remain functional in the community. Which of the following types of assignments did the nurse most likely have? a. Home-based primary care b. Population-focused home care c. Proprietary home care d. Transitional care

b. Population-focused home care

At the end of each school term, the school nurse schedules an equipment safety assessment of each school playground in the district. The school nurse uses the guidelines of the U.S. Consumer Protection Safety Commission and prepares a report of the findings for the school board for planning purposes. This intervention by the school nurse is an example of which of the following? a. Community outreach b. Primary prevention c. Secondary prevention d. Tertiary prevention

b. Primary prevention

Placing an injured victim in a safe location after being abused is _____ prevention. a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Primary health care

b. Secondary

The school nurse has arranged for volunteers to help check each child's hearing and vision. Any child that the volunteers feel did not "pass" will be sent to the nurse for follow-up. The nurse will then send a note to the parents that a physician should be seen. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Both primary and secondary

b. Secondary

21. A school health nurse is conducting drug screening to detect drug use by students before problems develop. Which of the following levels of prevention does this action represent? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Primary and secondary prevention

b. Secondary prevention

An urban school-based clinic is located in a school district where many of the children lack health insurance. The school nurse continues to provide screening, assessment, first aid, and record keeping but can refer students who require additional services to the nurse practitioners that staff the school-based health center (SBHC) on the school grounds. The SBHC is federally funded under which of the following? a. CDC's Federal School Health Program b. The Affordable Care Act c. Healthy People 2010 d. School-linked program

b. The Affordable Care Act

A child has multiple disabilities, and caring for the child has been both expensive and time consuming for the school. Once the child turns 16, which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse (Select all that apply.) a. As an adult, the child is no longer eligible for school services without charge. b. The school must continue to provide needed appropriate education for the child. c. The school can exclude the child from any extra special activities. d. The school should prepare an updated individualized education plan.

b. The school must continue to provide needed appropriate education for the child. d. The school should prepare an updated individualized education plan.

7. A nurse sees the father of a newborn baby push his wife in a wheelchair out onto the patio. The man and woman each smoke a cigarette while the baby sleeps in the mother's arms. Which of the following information should the nurse share with the parents? a. Fetal nicotine syndrome may cause complications in the newborn. b. The sidestream smoke that the baby is exposed to is more dangerous than the mainstream smoke that the parents are inhaling themselves. c. The baby will eventually develop tolerance to tobacco smoke. d. The parents should switch to chewing tobacco as long as the child lives in the home.

b. The sidestream smoke that the baby is exposed to is more dangerous than the mainstream smoke that the parents are inhaling themselves.

Which group has the highest rate of violence? a. Older, Caucasian men b. Young, minority men c. Young, Caucasian women d. Older, minority women

b. Young, minority men

The model of care delivered in the home setting which focuses on symptom management at the end of life is known as: a. hospice care. b. palliative care. c. personal care. d. transitional care.

b. palliative care.

2. A woman has just delivered a baby and is lamenting that the baby's father is not with her. She shares with you that he became involved with drugs and is now in prison for theft. The new mother says, "It's so sad. He's clearly no good." Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse? a. "I'm so sorry to hear that. Is your mother able to be with you?" b. "It's good that you and the baby are safe from him." c. "Is there anyone to help you with the baby until the baby's father can be released and encouraged to get treatment for his addiction?" d. "You must hate him for leaving you alone with a new baby!"

c. "Is there anyone to help you with the baby until the baby's father can be released and encouraged to get treatment for his addiction?"

The principal of a school was upset over a rumor that one of the children had engaged in a violent activity that injured a younger sibling. The principal asked the nurse who the children were so that the involved teachers could both support the injured child and guard other children from the violent child. Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse? a. "I'll get the names to you and the involved teachers immediately." b. "Let me get the parents' consent, and then I'll get you the names." c. "Rumors are often inaccurate; let me follow up and see what happened and what needs to be done." d. "Why don't we coordinate a school-wide program on preventing accidents instead"

c. "Rumors are often inaccurate; let me follow up and see what happened and what needs to be done."

A family is concerned about the medical bills of their father, age 63, who is unemployed and has almost no savings. Which of the following statements by the nurse accurately explain how Medicaid and Medicare would work in this family's situation (Select all that apply.) a. "All your father's medical bills will be paid by whichever program is appropriate." b. "Choose any physician and just show them your Medicare or Medicaid card." c. "Your father must be homebound to qualify for Medicare assistance but less so for Medicaid." d. "Medicare is a federally funded program, but Medicaid is administered by your state."

c. "Your father must be homebound to qualify for Medicare assistance but less so for Medicaid." d. "Medicare is a federally funded program, but Medicaid is administered by your state."

Nurses come to home health from a variety of educational and practice settings. Based on educational level, nurses are prepared to practice at various levels. To ensure the public of competence and quality in a highly competitive health care environment, it may become necessary for nurses to seek which of the following? a. Accreditation b. Advanced degrees c. Certification d. Specialization

c. Certification

Which of the following would be the best way for the school nurse to fulfill his or her responsibilities in an emergency situation? a. Tell all staff to call 911 if the nurse is not in the building. b. Arrange to always be available, even if only by phone. c. Create and share an emergency plan with all teachers and staff. d. Wear a pager so that the nurse can come as soon as humanly possible.

c. Create and share an emergency plan with all teachers and staff.

3. A man who takes a prescribed narcotic for pain on a regular basis reports that he does not like the way the medicine makes him feel. He has tried to change to an alternate analgesic but experienced withdrawal symptoms when he stopped taking the narcotic. Which of the following problems is the man experiencing? a. Drug abuse b. Drug addiction c. Drug dependence d. Substance abuse

c. Drug dependence

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, which of the following activities are expectations for a school health nurse? a. Ensuring that children with health problems are accepted by their peers b. Driving children home if parents can't pick them up c. Giving emergency care in the school or during school events d. Giving medications as needed if children are ill

c. Giving emergency care in the school or during school events

A nurse is counseling a client who has just ended an abusive relationship. Which emotion would the client most likely display? a. Anger b. Apathy c. Grief d. Guilt

c. Grief

A nurse working in a correctional facility recognizes that the majority of women who experience violence in prison: a. Are violent themselves b. Have committed homicides c. Have a history of experiencing multiple types of abuse d. Are in prison for child abuse

c. Have a history of experiencing multiple types of abuse

A home health nurse asks a client with arthritis to attend a demonstration in which an assistive device is used to put on shoes. Which phase of the nursing process is the nurse's current focus? a. Outcome identification b. Planning c. Implementation d. Evaluation

c. Implementation

The greatest risk factor for suicide in adult women is: a. Divorce b. Unemployment c. Intimate partner violence d. Terminal illness

c. Intimate partner violence

Which of the following statements best explains why many school nurses are not able to ensure that all children receive needed health care in the schools? a. There is a shortage of baccalaureate-prepared nurses with national school health nurse certification. b. Most nurses prefer to be employed in hospitals giving direct care. c. Most school districts are unable to afford a nurse in every school. d. School districts and taxpayers see no need for nurses in schools.

c. Most school districts are unable to afford a nurse in every school.

Which of the following types of home health agencies emphasizes health promotion and illness prevention? a. Combination agencies b. Hospital-based agencies c. Official agencies d. Proprietary agencies

c. Official agencies

Which of the following aspects of a home health agency would most likely be examined during the accreditation process (Select all that apply.) a. Cost of each service rendered b. Credentials of each employee c. Organizational structure d. Outcomes of care

c. Organizational structure d. Outcomes of care

When meeting with a client and family, the home health nurse says, "We have discussed your health problems and limitations. Now tell me what level of health and function you hope to achieve." In which of the following phases of the nursing process is the nurse engaging? a. Assessment b. Diagnosis c. Outcome identification d. Planning

c. Outcome identification

A nurse completes a self-assessment of performance as part of the home health nurse's annual evaluation. Which of the following terms best describes this activity? a. Collaboration b. Quality of care c. Performance appraisal d. Resource utilization

c. Performance appraisal

A child who lives in extreme poverty is at greatest risk for which type of abuse? a. Sexual abuse b. Emotional neglect c. Physical neglect d. Child abuse

c. Physical neglect

A nurse is counseling a client who has been abusive towards a spouse. Which experience has the client most likely had in the past? a. Perceived or actual crisis b. History of social isolation c. Previous exposure to violence d. Long-term marital strain

c. Previous exposure to violence

Which of the following is the primary focus of hospice care? a. Curing or controlling the client's chronic disease b. Decreasing the waste of acute care (hospital) resources c. Providing palliative care to maintain comfort until death d. Teaching the client and family how to care for themselves

c. Providing palliative care to maintain comfort until death

A nurse is assessing an individual who has been the victim of domestic violence. Which part of the body should the nurse assess first? a. Front of the body b. Back of the body c. Proximal parts of the body d. Distal parts of the body

c. Proximal parts of the body

When providing tertiary prevention, the nurse should include: a. Education b. Prevention c. Referral d. Detection

c. Referral

Why is violence a concern for community health nursing practice? a. Violence is a universal problem. b. Violence impacts everyone in the United States. c. Nurses must spend a great deal of time on the results of violence. d. Significant mortality and morbidity results from violence.

d. Significant mortality and morbidity results from violence.

A community health nurse visits a home and notices multiple bruises on a 4-year-old child. The mother reports that her husband is an alcoholic and is currently sleeping. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take? a. Question the mother about sexual abuse. b. Initiate interventions directed at family violence. c. Report the case of suspected child abuse to authorities. d. Refer the mother to a social worker or Al-Anon group.

c. Report the case of suspected child abuse to authorities.

A nurse anticipates that a woman who has been battered for a number of years has most likely seen an increase in: a. Self-blame b. Remorse by the man c. Severity of the abuse d. Emotional strength

c. Severity of the abuse

Which of the following best describes why it is more challenging for most nurses to meet the needs of a dying child and his or her family than to meet the needs of a dying adult? a. Children don't understand what it means to die. b. A child's death is harder for anyone to accept. c. Society does not expect death to occur in children. d. Families are not prepared to deal with death.

c. Society does not expect death to occur in children.

A home health nurse is caring for a client who has right-sided paresis secondary to a stroke. Which of the following would be the best approach for the nurse to take? a. Arrange for private duty nurses to assist the client with daily needs. b. Assist the client with activities of daily living. c. Teach the client to participate in self-care activities. d. Teach the family how to care for the client.

c. Teach the client to participate in self-care activities.

A school nurse is demonstrating the use of a peak flow meter to help children with chronic asthma recognize when they need to use a rescue inhaler. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Both primary and secondary

c. Tertiary

A school nurse has developed a special class for pregnant teens to teach them everything from anticipated body changes to methods for managing common pregnancy-associated problems. The classes also allow the nurse to be in close frequent contact with the students to monitor their health status. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Both primary and secondary prevention

c. Tertiary prevention

5. A movie shows a woman and a man having a contest to see who can drink more shots of whiskey. Who is more likely to "win" the drinking contest when the other passes out and cannot continue? a. If their drinks are the same size, they'll both pass out about the same time. b. If they play fair, they'll probably both vomit before passing out. c. The man will win. d. The woman will win.

c. The man will win.

Nonprofit home health agencies can be reimbursed for home health services through Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance companies. A major difference between an official agency and a voluntary or private agency is that official agencies receive additional: a. client payments. b. charity support. c. public funding. d. third-party payments.

c. public funding.

19. A nurse is reviewing with a client the importance of the diabetic diet to maintaining control of blood glucose levels. The client states, "I went to the classes and learned how to count carbohydrates. I have even started to write down what I eat for each meal." Which of the following would be most appropriate response from the nurse? a. "I'm so glad you're beginning to recognize the need to control your blood sugar." b. "Now you just have to make sure you don't give that habit up!" c. "Sounds like you're not ready to really plan your eating yet." d. "That is great. You've started to take action and make changes."

d. "That is great. You've started to take action and make changes."

Which of the following best describes one of the outcomes of the incentives and pressures for cost control and improved health outcomes? a. Expansion in alternative health care agencies b. Improvements in client teaching materials c. Public pressure to improve health professionals' education d. Development and increased use of telehealth technology

d. Development and increased use of telehealth technology

10. A school nurse stops a student in the hall and asks whether the student has been having trouble with her eyes, which look rather red and dry. The female student yawns and says that she hasn't noticed any eye problems. However, she does confess to the school nurse that she has gained 15 pounds since she began smoking "special cigarettes." Which of the following is the student most likely smoking? a. Tobacco b. Crack cocaine c. Ice methamphetamine d. Marijuana

d. Marijuana

A child with severe macular degeneration and some hearing loss will be attending the third grade in a local school. A tertiary prevention intervention the school nurse should perform would be which of the following? a. Assess the child's language skills, motor abilities, and social abilities. b. Ensure that a telephone is available for calling emergency personnel or parents. c. Lead educational programs to address coping strategies and stress management techniques. d. Meet with the assigned teachers to discuss classroom seating to enhance the child's learning experience.

d. Meet with the assigned teachers to discuss classroom seating to enhance the child's learning experience.

A school nurse listens as one student talks about another student being upset because his father frequently spanks him with a leather belt that leaves big marks on the student's back. But the student begs the nurse not to tell anyone because he promised the friend that the information would never be shared. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? a. Ask the student if abuse has occurred. b. Call in the named student and ask him to remove his shirt. c. Discuss the conversation with the student's parents. d. Notify the legal authorities.

d. Notify the legal authorities.

Which of the following best explains why school nurses are involved in helping teachers with the task of teaching children how to practice problem solving, communication, and other life skills? a. Teacher shortages have required nurses to be increasingly involved in teaching life skills. b. Because so many nurses want to be employed in schools, this responsibility was assumed to increase employment opportunities. c. States are requiring nurses to screen and to teach life skills. d. Nurses have been enlisted in this role to help reduce risk factors for future health problems in school children.

d. Nurses have been enlisted in this role to help reduce risk factors for future health problems in school children.

Which of the following best describes when the home health nurse must document required Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS-B1) data? a. Before any episode of hospitalization b. After each home health visit c. For all incidences of error or mistake in care d. On first admission to home health care

d. On first admission to home health care

20. At a county board meeting, a nurse reports statistics on drug use in the school. The nurse then requests funding for an after-school recreation program that promotes age-appropriate fun activities and sports. Which of the following objectives is the nurse attempting to meet through this action? a. Help prevent obesity and boredom. b. Offer alternatives to being "on the streets." c. Prevent children from getting in trouble before their parents get home from work. d. Promote healthy lifestyles with physical activity.

d. Promote healthy lifestyles with physical activity.

Since 2000, home health agencies have been paid by the federal government based on which type of reimbursement? a. Diagnostic-related groups b. Distributive care c. Episodic care d. Prospective payment system

d. Prospective payment system

A family member asks a home health nurse to explain the concept of hospice care. Which of the following would the nurse need to include as the fundamental underlying philosophy of hospice? a. Enabling the client to die at home b. Ensuring that the client's living will is upheld c. Placing experts in the position of power of attorney d. Providing comfort measures before death

d. Providing comfort measures before death

A home health nurse is working with a client who requires a catheter insertion and wound care. The nurse is also helping the client and family to develop positive coping skills and identify resources that will help the client to attain a state of optimal functioning. It is important for the nurse to specifically document nursing services provided because of which of the following? a. The agency is required to practice within the guidelines set up by regulatory agencies. b. Each criterion has minimum standards to which the program must adhere. c. Nurses are required to provide supervision of services. d. Reimbursement is dependent on the provision of skilled care.

d. Reimbursement is dependent on the provision of skilled care.

15. A male IV drug abuser admits to the nurse that he has no desire to stop using drugs, so rather than lecture him on the dangers of drug addiction, the nurse counsels him on how to sterilize his needles. Which of the following prevention efforts is the nurse attempting to achieve? (Select all that apply.) a. Primary prevention by educating about safe injections b. Primary prevention by avoidance of future legal complications c. Secondary prevention to reduce the risk for infection or other complications d. Tertiary prevention to reduce the transmission of blood-borne diseases

d. Tertiary prevention to reduce the transmission of blood-borne diseases

Which of the following do community-based nurses typically use to organize, sort, and document pertinent client data? a. NANDA b. NIC NOC c. Nursing Diagnosis Taxonomy d. The Omaha System

d. The Omaha System

Which of the following clients over 65 years of age meets the criteria for Medicare reimbursement for home health nursing? a. The client who needs assistance with bathing and meal preparation b. The client who needs assistance with house cleaning and meal preparation c. The client who needs sitter services because she wanders from home and becomes lost d. The client whose family members need to learn how to care for his wound

d. The client whose family members need to learn how to care for his wound

6. Students at first-day orientation at the local community college are discussing alcohol and drug abuse with their freshmen advisor. During a break, some students go outside for soft drinks and snacks. Soon after, the advisor walks by and notices several of these students smoking cigarettes. Based on this, which of the following topics of the drug and alcohol orientation would be most important for the advisor to reemphasize after the break? a. A discussion of which drugs are commonly used on campus b. How students can learn to "just say no" when offered drugs or drinks c. How to recognize and overcome peer pressure to continue bad habits d. The fact that tobacco smoking causes more deaths than any other behavior in the United States

d. The fact that tobacco smoking causes more deaths than any other behavior in the United States

16. A man is addicted to alcohol. In which of the following scenarios is a family member enabling the man to continue drinking? a. The wife asks the nurse to explain why her husband's continued drinking is dangerous. b. The son threatens to leave home because he finds the father's behavior embarrassing. c. The teenage daughter turns to a favorite teacher for emotional support. d. The wife tells her husband's boss that her husband is sick when he is actually inebriated.

d. The wife tells her husband's boss that her husband is sick when he is actually inebriated.

A hospital nurse wants to know why home health nurses often take more time with assessment than nurses do in the hospital. Which of the following is the best explanation for this? a. Home care assessment includes not only the client but the supplies and equipment the family may have available for use. b. The home environment is less organized and equipped for the nurse's use. c. Family members must also be assessed for possible problems that could interfere with the primary client's recovery. d. To be effective, the home health nurse must earn the family's trust and work in partnership with them.

d. To be effective, the home health nurse must earn the family's trust and work in partnership with them.

A new client has just been released from the hospital after intensive treatment for multiple injuries following a motorcycle accident. Which of the following types of care will he most likely receive? a. Home-based primary care b. Population-focused home care c. Proprietary home care d. Transitional care

d. Transitional care

13. A home health nurse believes a client may be a drug addict. However, the client denies the use of drugs when questioned by the nurse. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the client's denial? a. Confusion resulting from dementia b. History of compulsive lying c. Mental status changes d. Use of addictive drugs

d. Use of addictive drugs

. In which situation is child abuse most likely to occur? a. When the parents have realistic expectations for their children b. When the parents' sense of control is threatened c. When the parents are overly sensitive to their children's needs d. When the parents lack a social support network

d. When the parents lack a social support network