Nurse 1451 Exam 4

A non-drug expectorant available to everyone

Water

Orthopnea

When a person uses multiple pillows to sleep.

Aminophylline, theophylline and caffeine are derivatives of what used to treat asthma?

Xanthine

This medication is used to treat bronchoconstriction associated with COPD by causing bronchodilation by increasing the ability of the cilia to clear mediction.

Xanthines

Bronchodilators

act as sympathetic nervous system (SNS) adrenergic agonist; which dilates constricted bronchi and bronchioles by relaxing smooth muscles.

Work at ATI receptor sites on cells

angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB's)

Sympathomimetics cause dilation of the bronchioles by increasing what?

cAMP

The substance responsible for maintaining bronchodilation?

cAMP cyclic adhesion monophosphate

When H1 receptors are stimulated, smooth muscle lining the nasal cavity is..

constricted

Asthma

Irritants to bronchial tree cause bronchoconstriction, resulting in narrowed inflamed airways, dyspnea, and mucous production - all of which are reversible

Heart failure

Is a condition in which the heart loses the ability to pump enough blood to the body's tissues.

Expiration

Is a passive process mainly caused by elastic recoil of the diaphragm relaxation of the intercostal muscles, requires little to no work.

Angina

Is caused by temporary imbalance between the coronary arteries ability to supply oxygen and the cardiac muscle demand for oxygen.

Complete obstruction

Is indicated by extreme inspiration effort with no chest movement

partial obstruction

Is indicated by low-pitched snoring during inhalation

Compliance

Is the ability of the lungs to distend or expand in response to increase intraalveolar pressure.

The name leukotriene receptor antagonist.

Montelukast

In HTN SBP is at or above what?

140

How many minutes should a client wait after using a bronchodilator and before using a glucocorticoid preparation?

5 minutes

In HTN DBO is at or above what?

90

Albuterol is what ?

A beta adrenergic

COPD

A group of diseases that results in persistent obstruction of bronchial airflow.

Acetylcysteine is what?

A mucolytic

Zafirlukast is what ?

A steroid

Baroreceptors are more sensitive in the aging adult

Abnormal

Conduction time decrease in the aging adult

Abnormal

Decreased size of the left ventricle in the aging adult

Abnormal

Increased cilia function in the aging adult

Abnormal

Chyne-stroke

Abnormal type of breathing characterized by periods of shallow and deep breathing.

List risk factors for HTN

Age greater than 60. Family history. High sodium intake. Physical inactivity.

Gas exchange occurs where in the lungs ?

Alveoli

Epinephrine is what?

An alpha adrenergic

H1 blocker or H1 antagonist

Antihistamines

Infection resulting from retained mucous secretions , what may be prescribed ?

Antimicrobials

Aspirin in low doeses is a memeber of this class

Antiplatelets

Act on the cough control center in the medulla

Antitussives

MONA nursing interventions for MI

Morphine Oxygen Nitroglycerin Aspirin

A group of drugs used to liqueft and loosen thick mucus secretions is ?

Mucolytics

In emergency situation such as anaphylaxis, are antihistamines useful?

No

Substernal chest pain and dyspnea are assessment findings with this type of pneumonia.

Non-bacterial

Enlarged alveoli in the aging adult

Normal

Enlarged trachea and large bronchi from calcification of air way in the aging adult

Normal

Pace maker cell decrease in the aging adult

Normal

Stuff and less complaint left ventricle in the aging adult

Normal

Hypoventilation

Occurs when the alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the alveoli, less lung is ventilated.

List three nursing interventions for someone on oxygen therapy:

Provide nasal care. Check pressure points. Provide oral care every 8 hrs.

List 5 S/S of heart failure

Pulmonary congestion. Adventitious breath sounds. SOB. Distended neck veins. Peripheral vasoconstriction.

After constant use of nasal spray what is likely to occur ?

Rebound congestion

Large, continous doses of beta2 -adrenergic agonist may cause this side effect in the older adult

Tachycardia

Tidal volume

The amount of air taken into the lungs in a single breath.

Glucocorticoids

The drug commonly prescribed to treat unresponsive asthma

Hemoglobin

The oxygen carrying component of blood.

Clients taking antihistamines need to be monitored for signs and symptoms of ?

Urinary dysfunction

List nursing interventions for pneumonia

Assist with coughing. Deep breathing. Incentive spirometer. Encourage fluids. Monitor I&O

This anticholinergic drug has fewer side effects and is admministerd by aerosol

Atorvent

Headache, myalgia, lethargy are all assessment findings with this type of pneumonia.

Bacterial

Pneumonia

Bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal infection that causes inflammation of the alveolar spaces.

Inspiration

Inhalation

Unstable angina

Chest pain at rest or exertion

Two major types of angina

Chronic stable. Unstable.

Expiration

Exhalation

Loosen bronchial secretions to be removed by coughing

Expectorants

The first line of defense in an acute asthmatic attack are the drugs catergorized as?

Beta2-adenergic agonists

Hemoptysis

Bloody sputum

Cyanosis

Blue discoloration of the skin caused by desaturation in hemoglobin.

Hyperventilation

Breathing too fast that leads to the elimination of CO2.

Claudication

Burning pain in legs or buttocks during exercise that's relieved by rest.

Heart rate x Stroke volume

Cardiac output

List three S/S of hypoxia:

Change in mental status. Restlessness. Dizziness.

Chronic stable angina

Chest discomfort with activity or stress

List assessment findings for COPD

Clubbing of the fingernails. Cough. Dyspnea. Barrel chest. Weight loss.

The most common cause Of URI?

Common cold

CNS

Controls RR, depth, and rhythm.

Signs of left sided heart failure

Crackles or wheezing, S3-S4, nocturia at night, frothy pink sputum, decreased CO, hacking cough

Stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors producing vasoconstriction in the nasal capillaries

Decongestants

Kussmaul

Deep labored breathing

Emphysema

Destruction of elastin alters alveolar walls and narrows airways, resulting in enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, trapped air, and coalesced alveoli

What is the main function of the lungs?

Gas exchange

Dexamethasone is what?

Glucocorticoids

Decongestants are contraindicated for patients what?

HTN, CAD, DM, and hyperthyroidism

These are two risk factors for hyperlipidemia

High LDL Low HDL

Major side effects of oral inhalers

Hoarseness, dry mouth, white spots in the oral cavity, headaches.

Long term use of glucocorticoids can cause what?

Impaired immunity, fluid retension, and HTN.

Epinephrine (Adrenaline, Primatene) are aplha and beta stimulants given SQ, IM and inhalation. What are the possible side effects when this medication is given?

Increased heart rate and force of the heart

Signs of right sided heart failure

Jugular distention, enlarged spleen and liver, polyuria at night, increased BP d/t excessive volume

This side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood into the arteries.

Left side

What two things can affect the body's ability to meet oxygen demands?

Low hemoglobin and anemia.

This is a COPD patients stimulus to breathe

Low partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)

Inhaler dose is high or lower than an oral dose?

Lower

What facts about an inhaler drug does should the nurse be aware of ?

Lower than an oral dose, fewer side effects than an oral dose, onset of action more rapid than that of an oral dose.

This side of the heart receives un-oxygenated blood

Right side

Second generation antihistamines differ from first generation antihistamines because they do not cause what?

Sedation

List nursing interventions for HTN

Smoking cessation. Change in diet. Exercise. Promote lifestyle changes.

myocardial infarction

The interruption of blood supply to a part of the heart causing heart cells to die.

Ventilation

The process of moving gases into and out of the lungs.

List three things that will effect diffusion in the lungs:

Thickness of the membrane. Emphysema Pneumothorax lobectomy

Angina

This is a lack of oxygen that does not cause permanent damage of the myocardial tissue.

Lab panel to detect MI

Troponin, CPK/CK-MB, myoglobin

A major side effect for a patient taking antihistamine is ?

drowsiness and dry mouth

COPD patients who frequently use bronchodilators may exhibit the following side effects

tachycardia. tremors, nevousness