Nursing 460: Exam 1

A family living in England in 1860 was part of the community where district nursing was implemented. Who would most likely have seen this family? A. A social worker and a nurse B. A nurse C. A physician and a nurse D. A health teacher and a nurse

A. A social worker and a nurse

The nurse working in the community is aware that there are different models for studying the epidemiology of a health condition in a population. One model of investigation of the interrelationships and characteristics of disease is the epidemiologic triangle. This model analyzes what three elements? A. Agent, host, and environment B. Virus, bacteria, and fungus C. Person, place, and time D. Incidence, prevalence, and etiology

A. Agent, host, and environment

In a particular community, the rate of new cases of diabetes and the rate of new cases of flu during the month of January were precisely the same. Which disease would have the higher prevalence rate? A. As a chronic condition, diabetes would have the higher prevalence rate. B. As an acute condition, flu would have the higher prevalence rate. C. Flu would have the higher prevalence rate because it is so contagious. D. Flu would have the higher prevalence rate because people can get flu several times in one season.

A. As a chronic condition, diabetes would have the higher prevalence rate.

What factors are most responsible for the increasing length of life of Americans over the past 100 years? A. Better nutrition and family planning options B. More efficient cancer screenings and early intervention C. Education concerning the need to reduce salt and fat in the diet D. Improved medical care, including exciting new technologies

A. Better nutrition and family planning options.

A nurse who works on the surgical unit at the local hospital was asked by the home health unit to make a home visit to a patient who had been discharged the previous day and to give follow-up care (for overload pay). What kind of nursing would this nurse be doing? A. Community-based nursing B. Acute care hospital nursing C. Public health nursing D. Community health nursing

A. Community-based nursing

Which primary prevention would the school nurse choose to address the school's number of unwed pregnancies? A. Convince the school board to allow sex education classes to include birth control measures B. Establish a class where all the unwed moms-to-be can learn infant care C. Employ the moms-to-be as 1-hour-a-day employees in the school day care center for children born to school students D. Create a class on parenting for both the moms-to-be and the dads-to-be

A. Convince the school board to allow sex education classes to include birth control measures.

A nurse is using Milio's framework for prevention to improve the health of clients. Which of the following would the nurse most likely implement? A. Create appropriate national health policies B. Promote nationwide educational programs with information on making healthy choices C. Develop health programs that make healthy choices the easiest choices D. Stress that clients are responsible for their own health

A. Create appropriate national health policies

A nurse found that several professionals resented time spent interacting with and teaching clients. Which of the following describes the most likely underlying motivation for resisting client involvement? A. Empowering others shifts power from the experts to the community. B. It is more efficient to plan appropriate care without listening to client ideas. C. Longtime experience with community members has led to disillusionment. D. Believing that people could change their lives if they really wanted to do so.

A. Empowering others shifts power from the experts to the community.

Which of the following must be created before establishing the evaluation plan for a health project? A. Observable and measurable objectives B. Setting up a computer program to analyze the evaluation data C. A clear set of both short-term and long-term goals D. Decision as to who will collect the evaluation data

A. Observable and measurable objectives

The daily patrons of a local town restaurant became ill with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Without knowing the cause, which of the following actions should be taken immediately to help avoid future problems? A. Strongly emphasize the importance of proper hand washing to staff B. Establish a series of cooking classes for all citizens C. Have a citywide campaign to cover your mouth when sneezing D. Use bleach to clean the entire restaurant

A. Strongly emphasize the importance of proper hand washing to staff

Early public health nurse Lillian Wald and her associates were successful in addressing health and disease in the immigrant community by: A. supporting political activities to improve social and environmental conditions of immigrant families. B. obtaining and administering medications to the immigrants and their family members. C. teaching the immigrant family members to provide health care in the home. D. administering bedside nursing care to immigrants and their families.

A. supporting political activities to improve social and environmental conditions of immigrant families.

What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020's emphasis on choosing healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choices? A. Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and minimal use of alcohol or drugs, is also needed. B. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and environmental changes needed for well-being. C. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable. D. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits and vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices.

B ?????

Which of the following is a fairly recent discovery regarding infectious disease in the U.S.? A. Some infectious diseases remain endemic in the U.S. B. Cervical cancer and stomach ulcers may be caused by infectious agents. C. Mortality from infectious disease continues to rise. D. Epidemics such as the H1N1 flu continue to occur.

B. Cervical cancer and stomach ulcers may be caused by infectious agents.

Which of the following is the most important component of the Planning Approach to Community Health (PATCH) model? A. Selection of professional outcome measures B. Community participation throughout the process C. Intensive planning by all professionals involved D. Ensuring that careful records of the decisions made were kept

B. Community participation throughout the process

A nurse is using a macroscopic approach when providing care. Which of the following would the nurse most likely demonstrate? A. Examining the family's responses to illness B. Fosters the development of an affordable farmers' market in a low-income neighborhood. C. Explaining how these actions will help in healing D. Emphasizing behaviors that will help in healing

B. Fosters the development of an affordable farmers' market in a low-income neighborhood.

A nurse met with community residents who were attending a program on healthful living. Which of the following best describes the action by the nurse? A. Specific protection B. Health promotion C. Disease prevention D. Health improvement

B. Health promotion

Katie, a 2-year-old child, is brought to the doctor's office after 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. Upon completion of the medical history, the mother tells the nurse that several of the other children at the daycare who played with the same toys as Katie have the same symptoms. The mode of transmission for the pathogen more likely was which of the following? A. Vector B. Indirect C. Airborne D. Direct

B. Indirect

Which of the following statements best explains how infectious diseases are different from any other health problem? A. Infectious diseases are more prevalent now than in the past. B. Infectious diseases have the potential to spread, creating a community emergency. C. Infectious diseases are acute illnesses that catch clients unprepared. D. Infectious diseases are easier to treat by using pharmaceuticals.

B. Infectious diseases have the potential to spread, creating a community emergency.

Identify the etiologic or causal statement component of the following community diagnosis: "There is an increased risk for undetected testicular cancer among young men related to insufficient knowledge about the disease and the methods for preventing and detecting it at an early stage as demonstrated by high rates of late initiation of treatment." A. Risk for undetected testicular cancer B. Insufficient knowledge about the disease and methods of prevention C. High rates of late initiation of treatment D. Young men

B. Insufficient knowledge about the disease and methods of prevention

Which of the following is classified as a vector of disease? A. Water and food B. Mosquitoes C. Door handles D. Humans

B. Mosquitoes

Why are high-risk and vulnerable subpopulations identified by public health nurses before deciding on appropriate interventions? A. It is easiest to make improvements among these groups. B. Populations are not homogeneous, and resources are limited. C. Such groups are most vocal about their needs and wants. D. These groups are often recipients of special funding.

B. Populations are not homogeneous, and resources are limited.

The health literature accessed by the community health nurse often addresses the probability of an adverse event. What term refers to the likelihood that healthy people exposed to a specific factor will experience a specific health condition? A. Rates B. Risk C. Prevalence D. Incidence

B. Risk

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 includes several elements that involve health planning. Which one of the following is NOT an element. A. creation of an innovation center within the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. B. the establishment of regional cooperative arrangements among medical schools, research institutions, and hospitals to improve the health manpower and facilities available to the communities. C. provisions of monies for funding community health centers, school-based clinics, and the National Health Service Corps to improve access to care. D. creation of task forces on preventive services and community preventive services to develop, update, and disseminate evidence-based recommendations on health care delivery. establishment of an independent payment advisory board to make proposals to reduce the growth in Medicare spending.

B. the establishment of regional cooperative arrangements among medical schools, research institutions, and hospitals to improve the health manpower and facilities available to the communities.

Which variable has a major influence on a community's health? A. Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.) B. The number and credentials of public health officials in the community C. Behavior choices made by persons in the community D. Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community

C. Behavior choices made by persons in the community

Which of the following best describes how care can be appropriately given in a community? A. Provide individualized care to unique individuals as much as resources allow. B. Prioritize care for the sickest populations first. C. Consider the community itself as the "client." D. Administer care according to the priorities of the local health department.

C. Consider the community itself as the "client"

A community health nurse wants to obtain an overview of the community, but has limited time and resources. Which of the following methods would the nurse most likely use to obtain this information? A. Live in the community for several years B. Review public health department records from up to 5 years ago C. Engage in a windshield survey D. Establish a health department committee of community leaders willing to fill out periodic surveys related to various health issues in the community

C. Engage in a windshield survey

A nurse is using the critical theoretical perspective in daily nursing practice. Which of the following activities would the nurse most likely complete? A. Criticize health insurance programs as a barrier to health care B. Promote individual freedom and decision making C. Expose social values underlying the health care system D. Exert control over the client's environment

C. Expose social values underlying the health care system

A nurse was debating about which approach to use to both obtain data about community needs and encourage community participation in their resolution. Which of the following approaches would be most effective in meeting both goals? A. A community forum, open to all interested residents of the community B. A community survey mailed to all residents C. Focus groups with selected participants D. Conducting in-depth interviews with select community residents

C. Focus groups with selected participants

A nurse starts to collect evaluative data for a major health project one month after it starts. Which of the following best describes the purpose of this data collection? A. The nurse needed to know if the desired outcomes were being achieved. B. Funding agencies require ongoing evaluations to continue contributing. C. Formative evaluation allows the nurse to make changes if needed. D. Filling out the forms helps the aggregate feel involved in the process.

C. Formative evaluation allows the nurse to make changes if needed.

Which of the following nursing interventions would have most likely been used by Florence Nightingale when treating wounded soldiers? A. Completing a community assessment of the army hospital B. Implementing care prescribed by physicians C. Improving food, clothing, and cleanliness D. Establishing private visits with spouses

C. Improving food, clothing, and cleanliness

A nurse conducted a study of two skin lotions: (1) an inexpensive one and (2) an expensive one. The nurse found that there was a relative risk of 0.7 for skin sores using the inexpensive one and a relative risk of 1.2 using the expensive one. Which skin lotion should the nurse use? A. The expensive lotion B. Impossible to tell from the data given C. The inexpensive lotion D. It made no difference which lotion was used

C. The inexpensive lotion

Which of the following is the cause of most preventable deaths in the United States? A. Alcohol B. Drug addictions C. Tobacco D. Sexually transmitted diseases

C. Tobacco

Which of the following is most responsible for differences in an individual's health? A. Quality of the community health agency and hospital in the community B. Number of physicians and other health care providers in the community C. Individual's education and income D. Culture of the majority of the community's citizens

C. individual's Education and income

It has been estimated that individual behaviors and environmental factors are responsible for what percentage of all premature deaths in the United States? A. 40% B. 20% C. 70% D. 50%

D. 50%

Which one of the following is not a modifiable risk factor? A. Physical activity B. Sexual practices C. Cigarette smoking D. Age

D. Age

Which of the following best describes where the majority of time is spent by a community health nurse? A. Caring for groups B. Caring for families C. Caring for individuals D. Caring for aggregates

D. Caring for aggregates

In general, how do public health efforts differ from medical efforts in improving the health of our citizens? A. Medical care providers focus only on individuals, whereas public health care providers focus only on aggregates. B. Medical care providers autonomously choose appropriate interventions, whereas public health care providers must engage in whatever actions legislation requires. C. Medical care providers are self-employed or agency employed, whereas public health care providers are employed by and paid through the government. D. Medical care providers focus on disease diagnosis and management, whereas public health care providers focus on health promotion and disease prevention.

D. Medical care providers focus on disease diagnosis and management .......

A community health nurse participating in planning programs for the coming year considers incidence rates to better understand the needs of the community. Which statement below is the most accurate explanation of incidence rates? A. The number of all cases of a specific disease or condition in a population at a given point in time relative to the population at the same point in time is included in incidence rates. B. Incidence rate refers to the number of new cases of a disease in those exposed to the disease. C. The term incidence rate refers to the percentage of deaths in a specific period of time from a specific cause. D. New cases of a disease or condition in a community over a period of time are included in incidence rates.

D. New cases of a disease or condition in a community over a period of time are included in incidence rates.

A young couple is searching for a home in a new neighborhood. Which of the following neighborhoods would most likely promote a healthy lifestyle? A. One with superb recreational facilities B. One with excellent health facilities nearby C. One near a large active military base D. One with high walkability

D. One with high walkability

Which of the following best describes how John Snow was able to decrease deaths from cholera? A. Helped pass laws that required home quarantine B. Encouraged the new process of vaccination C. Created the world's first antibiotic D. Removed a source of contaminated water

D. Removed a source of contaminated water

Which of the following best describes what is happening with infectious disease in the United States? A. Many airborne diseases are being spread by bioterrorists. B. There is a continuing decrease in vector-borne infections. C. There is a continuing increase in food-borne and water-borne infections. D. The rate of infection varies extensively by income and ethnic groups.

D. The rate of infection varies extensively by income and ethnic groups.

When trying to determine whether the swine flu outbreak was getting worse, which of the following rates should be carefully observed? A. The swine flu prevalence rate B. The age-specific death rate C. The crude death rate D. The swine flu incidence rate

D. The swine flu incidence rate

Which of the following best describes how the U.S. Census Bureau surveys are helpful to a community health nurse? A. They document the mortality and morbidity of the community. B. They ensure that all community residents are involved. C. They temporarily give employment opportunities to residents. D. They provide the distribution of age, sex, race, and ethnicity in the community.

D. They provide the distribution of age, sex, race, and ethnicity in the community

The nurse working with a client to change behavior to maximize health asked the client to bring his family to the next visit. Which of the following best describes why the nurse wants the family to come with the client? (hint - see Theory of Reasoned Action) A. To analyze the family's beliefs about health B. To establish the family's communication patterns C. To determine the family's support of the client D. To evaluate the family's approval of the proposed changes

D. To evaluate the family's approval of the proposed changes

Which of the following best describes when a community health nurse would try to collect data on a health issue? A. When data must be purchased from the agency that collects it B. When available data exists C. When the data previously collected is available to the public D. When there is no source of previously collected data

D. When there is no source of previously collected data

Disease prevention activities protect people from disease and the effects of disease. An example of primary disease prevention is: A. identifying and testing individuals exposed to someone with tuberculosis. B. checking the skin of farm workers for signs of skin cancer. C. teaching people with diabetes how to prevent complications. D. administering vaccines to children before kindergarten.

D. administering vaccines to children before kindergarten.

Systems theory provides a framework that includes interventions that are possible at the three levels of prevention. The level of prevention that includes early diagnosis is: A. primary prevention. B. supralevel prevention. C. tertiary prevention. D. secondary prevention.

D. secondary prevention.