Nursing exam 2
__ in __ adults are affected by STI's
1 in 6
what percent of teens feel that they are addicted to their phones
50 percent
smoking is linked to __ percent cancer deaths , __ percent heart disease and __ percent chronic pulmonary disease deaths
30 percent 21 percent and 82 percent
Only __ percent of adolescents sleep ___ hours a night
31 percent and 8+ hours
at what ages is one considered a middle aged adult
40-45 to 60-65
accomodation of the eye decreases at what age?
40-59 years old
what is the average age that a woman stops having her period
51 years old
lung tissues declines by what age typically?
55 years old
__ percent of __ graders have experienced sexual intercourse as compared to __ percent of __ graders
58 percent of 12 graders have experienced sexual intercourse as compared to 30 percent of 9th graders
what is the average exposure to social media?
6.5 hours a day
percent increase in Gonorrhea __ percent increase in syphilis __
67 percent and 76
By what margin is life expectancy increasing?
7 percent
macular degeneration
breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision
Cataracts
clouding of the lens
is each partner's cognitive appraisal of the relationship and their intent to maintain the relationship even in the face of problems
commitment
anorexia nervosa
pursuit of being skinny by starvation
bulimia nervosa
pursuit of being skinny through purging. Weight falls within normal range.
as adults face constraints of reality promoted by work applications , idealism decreases
realistic and pragmatic thinking
adults think in favor of reflective, relativistic ways, more reflective judgement, solutions to problems may vary, emotions can play a role in thinking
reflective and relativistic thinking
Amygdala
two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion.
personal fable
type of thought common to adolescents in which young people believe themselves to be unique and protected from harm
Every year how many adolescents acquire an STI in the US?
3 Million
what occurs in the formal operational stage?
11 to 18 years, young people have the capacity for abstract, rational thought and problem solving.
people ages ___ to ___ have consumed ?/? of the total amount of alcohol consumed in the US
12-20 and 1/10th
what is the max number of years a person can live
120-125 years
__ percent of adolescents with substance use disorder began smoking marijuana at age ___
13 percent and age 14
__ in __ teens have reported using prescription drugs without the prescription
2 in 10
how often do middle aged adults have sex?
2 times per week
Half of the __ STI cases happens in __ to __ year olds
20 million happens to 15-24 year olds
only what percent of 12-22 year olds know where they want to go in life?
20 percent
those who took annual vacations are __ percent less likely to die over 9 years and __ percent less likely to die of coronary disease
21 percent and 32 percent
what percent of 12-19 year olds are overweight?
21%
separation confers a __ percent or higher mortality rate
23 percent
what percent of females who are sexually active have an STI?
25 percent
what is the life expectancy of males
76.4 years
what is the average life expectancy today?
79 years
what is the average duration of marriage
8.4-14 years
Rates of experiencing a major depressive disorder range from __ to __ percent for adolescents
8.7-11.3 percent
__ percent of people with HIV diagnoses were Gay or Bisexual
81 percent
what is the life expectancy of females?
81.2 years
Anorexic people weigh less than ___ percent of what is normal
85
when does girls puberty usually begin?
9-15 years
metabolic syndrome
A syndrome marked by the presence of usually three or more of a group of factors (as high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and high fasting levels of blood sugar) that are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes. -hypertension , insulin resistance, and obesity
deep caring and affection, desires to have the other person near. A relationship marked by intimacy and commitment but low or lacking in passion is called affectionate love. Affectionate love is usually found among couples who have been married for years.
Affectionate love
avoidant attachment style
An attachment style characterized by a suppression of attachment needs, because attempts to be intimate have been rebuffed; people with this style find it difficult to develop intimate relationships
What is the average life expectancy today?
Average life expectancy today is 79 years
later menopause is linked to increased potential risk of...
Cancer
what is the leading cause of death in middle adulthood
Cancer( the same as older aged adults) or some other chronic disease Cancer has replaced cardiovascular disease knocking it down to second
strongest form of love, unconditional love. Contains all three components of Sternberg's triangle of love which is passion, intimacy and commitment.
Consummate love:
what are some reasons why life expectancy is increasing?
Diet Low-stress lifestyle Caring community Activity Spirituality
If a girl is 16 years old what stage of development is she in according to piaget's development theory?
Formal operational stage
thinking abstractly by manipulating ideas in their head and become compassionate. Deductive reasoning. identity creates egocentric thoughts
Formal operational stage
what is important to focus on in regards to function rather than age?
Functional age
What erikson stage applies to adolescence?
Identity versus Identity confusion
is the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness and sharing in a relationship
Intimacy
what development stage are early/young adults in according to erikson's theory?
Intimacy vs isolation (18-40 years of age) - Deep relationships can be formed b/c of vulnerability of adulthood -When those are not formed, isolation occurs
what country has the highest life expectancy and what is it?
Japan has highest life expectancy (82 years)
what is the life expectancy of african americans in relation to non-latino white people
Life expectancy for African Americans is 7 years lower than that of non-Latino Whites
Life span
Maximum number of years an individual can live
on average how much weight does the brain lose and between what ages ? What other factor decreases as well?
On average, the brain loses 5% to 10% of its weight between the ages of 20 and 90 years; brain volume also decreases
hypothetical-deductive reasoning
Piaget's formal operational concept that adolescents have the cognitive ability to develop hypotheses, or best guesses, about ways to solve problems
sexual and infatuation, passionate love
Romantic infatuation
which part of the brain plays a key role in emotions and develops earlier than the prefrontal cortex and other regions of the brain?
The amygdala
life expetancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
when does boys puberty begin typically
about 10-13 and a half years
Imaginary audience
adolescents' belief that they are the focus of everyone else's attention and concern
hearing declines by what age?
age 40
after what age does the rate of muscle loss occur 1 to 2 percent a year.
age 50
secure attachment style
an attachment style characterized by trust, a lack of concern with being abandoned, and the view that one is worthy and well liked
anxious attachment style
an attachment style that describes adults who demand closeness, are less trusting, and are more emotional, jealous, and possessive
when does weight usually drop due to decreased muscle mass
at age 60
children begin to perform concrete operations and reason logically as applied to specific or concrete examples. ex. putting things in order CONSERVATION- draw conclusions ex. if we see someone eating a cookie we can make a conclusion and make a generalization of it or.. pouring the same amount of juice in a small cup and a big cup or... 3+5=8 then 8-5=3 We also think that our thoughts are unique to others= Less egocentric inductive reasoning
concrete operational stage
what developmental stage occurs in middle adulthood?
generativity vs stagnation Concern in helping younger generations to develop and lead useful lives The feeling to have done nothing or left nothing for the next generation is regarded as stagnation
early onset of menopause is linked to...
higher risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke
what is male menopause termed as and what is it?
hypogonadism - decreasing levels of testosterone
what developmental age are adolescents considered to be in according to erikson's theory
identity vs identity confusion(12-18 years of age) Adolescents experiment with different roles and personalities Adolescents who cope with conflicting identities emerge with a new sense of self Adolescents who do not successfully resolve the identity crisis suffer identity confusion Identity is composed of vocational / career, political, religious, relationship, achievement / intellectual, sexual, cultural / ethnic, interests, personality, and physical
Glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision
who are centanarians?
individuals who are 100 years or older
what developmental stage is late adulthood considered according to erikson
integrity vs despair Individuals reflect on their past. If review reveals a life well spent, integrity will be achieved.If not then retrospective glances will yield doubt or gloom→ despair
what is a girls first menstrual period called?
menarche
climacteric
midlife transition in which fertility declines
fluid intelligence
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
crystallized intelligence
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
Physical and sexual attraction to one another
passion
what happens when the prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped?
passions cannot be controlled because the prefrontal cortex deals with judgement and strong emotions.
The "intuitive age" preschool years symbolism and talking becomes more imminent and children learn to manipulate tools. no form of logic involved yet. Words, images and gestures are symbols for something else. when drawing, kids draw according to symbolic meaning kids love to play pretend Still egocentric
pre-operational stage
name the different stages of development according to piaget
sensorimotor (ages 0-2) preoperational (ages 2-7) concrete operational (ages 7-11) formal operational (12+) postformal operational (occurs in early adulthood)
children begin to observe their surroundings and observe things through their senses. Begin developing OBJECT PERMANENCE. Before 10 months old we think a hidden object is completely gone. Children at this age also tend to be egocentric- meaning we think everything revolves around us.
sensorimotor stage
top-dog phenomenon
the circumstance of moving from the top position in elementary school to the lowest position in middle or junior high school
executive functioning
the cognitive abilities and processes that allow humans to plan or inhibit their actions. Reasoning, making decisions, monitoring thinking critically, and monitering cognitive processes.
what part of the brain thickens during adolescence?
the corpus callosum
corpus callosum
the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them. main function is to aide information processing
sarcopenia
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging
life expectancy
the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live
matching hypothesis
the tendency to develop relationships with people who are approximately as attractive as we are
perimenopause
the term used to designate the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all
menopause
the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines. occurs usually between 40s-50s
hormone replacement therapy
the use of the female hormones estrogen and progestin to replace those the body no longer produces during and after perimenopause
What is precocious puberty?
the very early onset and rapid progression of puberty
how do some developmentalists divide late adulthood?
young-old 65-84 old-old- 75-85 oldest old are aged 85 or more