Nursing Sciences NCLEX EAQ's

According to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory, which developmental age is called the latent stage? 1 Toddler 2 Preschool 3 Middle childhood 4 Adolescence

3 Middle childhood

A group of practicing nurses and healthcare team members wants to conduct research to determine the effectiveness of chewing peppermint gum in reducing nausea following colon surgery. After identifying the problem and reviewing the literature, the research team wants to design the study. Which activities performed by the research team are related to designing the study? Select all that apply. 1 Identifying study variables 2 Obtaining necessary approvals 3 Selecting data collection methods 4 Identifying the sample population and assigning people to experimental and control groups 5 Selecting statistical methods to evaluate if chewing peppermint gum is beneficial to reduce postoperative nausea

3, 4, 5 Selecting data collection methods Identifying the sample population and assigning people to experimental and control groups Selecting statistical methods to evaluate if chewing peppermint gum is beneficial to reduce postoperative nausea

In which process of Swanson's theory is the nurse engaging when explaining neonatal care to a parent? 1 Enabling 2 Knowing 3 Doing for 4 Being with

1 Enabling

A nursing student is learning about theoretical foundations of nursing practice. Which statement by the nursing student matches with Leininger's theory? 1 "Incorporate the client's cultural traditions, values, and beliefs into the plan of care." 2 "Determine why a client is unable to meet biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs." 3 "Determine which demands are causing problems for a client and assess how well he/she is adapting to them. " 4 "Establish effective nurse-client communication when obtaining nursing histories, providing education, or counseling clients and their families."

1 "Incorporate the client's cultural traditions, values, and beliefs into the plan of care." The main idea of Leininger's theory is cultural diversity, and the goal of nursing care is to provide the client with culturally specific nursing care. Therefore, the nurse needs to incorporate the client's cultural traditions, values, and beliefs into the plan of care according to Leininger's Theory.

A nursing student is evaluating different examples of quality and performance improvement. Which situation should the nurse consider to be an example of quality improvement? 1 A team of nurses designs a strategy for improving the technique of administering injections. 2 A team of nurses identifies the possible reasons for the delays of client admission into special units. 3 A team of nurses implements a new system for following aseptic techniques during wound debridement. 4 A team of nurses evaluates the effectiveness of initiating weekly professional training programs.

2 A team of nurses identifies the possible reasons for the delays of client admission into special units. Quality improvement focuses on studying and improving the processes of providing healthcare services to clients. An example of this improvement is a team of nurses trying to determine the cause for delays of client admission into special units.

A nurse finds that there is an inaccurate match between clinical cues and the nursing diagnosis. What is the category of the diagnostic error? 1 Labeling 2 Collecting 3 Clustering 4 Interpreting

4 Interpreting Interpreting errors include failing to consider conflicting cues, using an insufficient number of cues, and using unreliable or invalid cues errors.

A nurse is recalling Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Which statement is a characteristic of the concrete operations stage? 1 "A child is able describe a process without actually doing it." 2 "A child faces difficulty in conceptualizing time." 3 "A child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as they do." 4 "A child believes that his or her actions and appearance are constantly being scrutinized."

1 "A child is able describe a process without actually doing it."

What are the steps of evidence-based practice (EBP) in order?

1. Ask a clinical question 2. Collect the most relevant evidence 3. Critically appraise the evidenced. 4. Integrate all the evidence with one's clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making a practice decision 5. Evaluate the practice decision or change 6. Share the outcome of EBP changes with others

What is the primary focus of the nurse when providing evidence-based care to the client? 1 Practice trends 2 Research studies 3 Clinical experience 4 Problem-solving approach

4 Problem-solving approach Evidence-based practice is first and foremost a problem-solving approach to care. This problem-solving approach incorporates application of current best practice along with knowledge from research studies and clinical expertise.

Which system is used by a health care facility to determine certain aspects of client satisfaction? 1 Six Sigma 2 Value Stream Analysis 3 Health Care Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) 4 The Hospital Consumer of Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS)

4 The Hospital Consumer of Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) HCAHPS is a standardized survey developed to measure client perceptions of their hospital experience. The survey asks 27 questions about the client's hospital experience. The survey is taken by clients who were discharged from the hospital between 48 hours and six weeks ago. - Six Sigma is a data-driven approach to process improvement that reduces variation in the process. - Value Stream Analysis focuses on the improvement of processes. It studies each step of a process to determine if that step adds value to that process. It also determines if the process reduces the organization's time, cost, and resources. - The National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) created HEDIS to collect various data to measure the quality of care and services provided by different health plans. It is the database of choice for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

An African man presents to the emergency department to obtain pain medication. The nurse behaves judgmentally and labels the client a drug abuser. What is the nurse demonstrating? 1 Ethnocentrism 2 Multiculturalism 3 Cultural encounter 4 Cultural imposition

1 Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism is the tendency of a person to hold his or her own beliefs superior to those of other people. It causes biases and prejudices in regard to people from other groups. This practice is transmitted by cultural groups from one generation to another. - In multiculturalism, two cultures coexist and are accepted by the individual. - In a cultural encounter, part of cultural competence, a nurse engages in cross-cultural interactions for effective communication. - Cultural imposition occurs when a nurse or health care provider ignores the differences between his or her own culture and others and imposes his or her beliefs on people of other cultures.

Which type of theory is the Neuman systems model? 1 Grand theory 2 Descriptive theory 3 Prescriptive theory 4 Middle-range theory

1 Grand Theory Neuman systems model is an example of a grand theory that provides a comprehensive foundation for scientific nursing practice, education, and research. - Theories related to growth and development are descriptive theories. - Prescriptive theories address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, describe the condition under which the prescription occurs, and predict the consequences. Mishel's theory of uncertainty is a prescriptive theory. - Middle-range theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing. Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness is a middle-range theory.

Which theorist suggested that the goal of nursing is to use communication to help clients reestablish a positive adaptations to their environments? 1 King 2 Peplau 3 Nightingale 4 Benner and Wrubel

1 King According to King's theory, the goal of nursing is to use communication to help the client reestablish a positive adaptation to his or her environment. - According to Peplau's theory, the goal of nursing is to develop an interaction between nurse and client. - According to Nightingale's theory, the goal of nursing is to facilitate the reparative processes of the body by manipulating a client's environment. - According to Benner and Wrubel, the goal of nursing is to focus on a client's need for caring as a means of coping with stressors of illness.

What rules of impression management should the nurse follow when caring for an Asian client? Select all that apply. 1 Greet the client and family in their language. 2 Observe the distance maintained by the client. 3 Refrain from introductions with the client's relatives. 4 Talk to the client in front of the client's friends or relatives. 5 Clarify whether the client wants someone from the family to be present.

1, 2, 5 Greet the client and family in their language. Observe the distance maintained by the client. Clarify whether the client wants someone from the family to be present. While caring for a client, the nurse should observe and maintain the distance displayed by the client. In Asian cultures, touching someone is considered disrespectful or unethical. Before examining the client, the nurse should clarify whether the client wants someone from the family to be present. The nurse should greet the client and family in his or her language, if possible. When relatives visit the client, ask for introductions and the visitors' relationships to the client. The nurse should avoid talking to the client in the presence of relatives and friends. In such cases, the nurse should tell them to wait in the waiting room, then talk to the client in private.

A nursing student is learning about the nursing process, which consists of four components. Which scenarios should the nursing student consider as the 'input' component? Select all that apply. 1 "The nurse checks the client's health history for allergy to iodine before inserting a urinary catheter." 2 "The nurse finds that the client's urine has presence of blood after the urinary catheter is removed." 3 "The nurse checks if the client has a history of substance abuse before administering nasal medications." 4 "The nurse finds that the client's skin color has changed to bluish purple after cold therapy is applied to reduce swelling." 5 "The nurse checks the medical records of the client to know if he/she has had a rectal surgery in the past year before placing an internal fecal catheter."

1, 3, 5 "The nurse checks the client's health history for allergy to iodine before inserting a urinary catheter." "The nurse checks if the client has a history of substance abuse before administering nasal medications." "The nurse checks the medical records of the client to know if he/she has had a rectal surgery in the past year before placing an internal fecal catheter."

A registered nurse is explaining Maslow's hierarchy of needs to a nursing student, by examining different situations. Which examples mentioned by the nurse belong to the fifth level of needs? Select all that apply. 1 "A client wishes to become the best swimmer in the whole world." 2 "A client tells the nurse that he or she has the urge to urinate every 10 minutes." 3 "A client feels like a failure for not being able to complete college education." 4 "A client tells the nurse that he or she wishes to become a successful engineer despite having dyslexia." 5 "A client who is bedridden requests a physical therapist consultation in order to achieve maximum mobility."

1, 4, 5 "A client wishes to become the best swimmer in the whole world." "A client tells the nurse that he or she wishes to become a successful engineer despite having dyslexia." "A client who is bedridden requests a physical therapist consultation in order to achieve maximum mobility."

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Nightingale's theory of nursing. Which statements have been correctly stated by the nursing student as a result of the teaching? Select all that apply. 1 Nightingale's theory states that the focus of nursing is caring through the environment. 2 Nightingale's theory limits nursing to the administration of medications and treatment. 3 Nightingale's theory suggests that every nurse should know all about the disease process. 4 Nightingale's theory is oriented towards providing fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and adequate nutrition. 5 Nightingale's theory focuses on helping the client deal with the symptoms and changes in function related to an illness.

1, 4, 5 - Nightingale's theory states that the focus of nursing is caring through the environment. - Nightingale's theory is oriented towards providing fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and adequate nutrition. - Nightingale's theory focuses on helping the client deal with the symptoms and changes in function related to an illness.

A client reports stomach pain since the previous night. In what order should the nurse ask these questions to make a good assessment of the pain?

1. For a better assessment of the pain, the nurse should first ask the client about the location of the pain. 2. Next, the nurse should ask about the client's experience of pain and ask the client to rate the pain on a scale from 0 to 10. 3. After this, the nurse should ask the client about precipitating factors—for example, if the client is unable to turn over in bed or is comfortable while sitting in a chair. 4. After finishing the conversation, the nurse should inspect the area of tenderness or discomfort.

The nurse finds that a client is restless at night, has muscle spasms, and is at risk of falling out of bed. What is the correct order for placing a client in restraint?

1. In order to apply a restraint properly, the nurse should first adjust the bed to a proper height and lower the side rail on the side of client contact. 2. Next, the nurse should pad the skin and bony prominences that will be under restraint. 3. The restraint should be applied according to the manufacturer's directions. 4. The nurse should then attach restraint straps to the portion of the bed frame that moves when raising or lowering the head of the bed. 5. The restraint should then be secured with a quick-release tie. 6. Finally, the nurse should check the proper placement of the restraint, skin integrity, pulses, skin temperature, color, and sensation of the body part that is restrained.

Which is used for determining the hours of care and staff required for a group of clients? 1 Flow sheets 2 Acuity records 3 Standardized care plans 4 Discharge summary forms

2 Acuity records An acuity record is used to determine the hours of care and staff required for a given group of clients. A client's acuity level is based on the type and number of nursing interventions. Accurate acuity ratings justify overtime and the number and qualifications of staff needed to safely care for clients. - A flow sheet helps to assess data about a client; this data includes vital signs and routine repetitive care. - Standardized care plans based on an institution's standards of nursing practice are preprinted and established guidelines used to care for clients who have similar health problems. - Discharge documentation includes medications, diet, community resources, follow-up care, and medical contact information in case of an emergency or query. Topics

Which statement accurately describes correlational research? 1 Correlational research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. 2 Correlational research explores the relationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher. 3 In correlational research, the investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable. 4 Correlational research measures the characteristics of people, situations, or groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur.

2 Correlational research explores the relationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher.

Which domain of the nursing intervention phase includes electrolyte and acid-base management? 1 Domain 1 2 Domain 2 3 Domain 3 4 Domain 4

2 Domain 2 Domain 2 of the nursing intervention phase includes electrolyte and acid-base management. Domain 2, or the physiologic complex, includes care that supports homeostatic regulation

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which opposing conflicts is an older adult likely to face? 1 Trust versus Mistrust 2 Integrity versus Despair 3 Intimacy versus Isolation 4 Industry versus Inferiority

2 Integrity versus Despair

A nurse changing the dressing on the client's perineum would fall into which zone? 1 Public zone 2 Intimate zone 3 Personal zone 4 Vulnerable zone

2 Intimate zone Changing a client's dressing on the perineum falls under the intimate zone. For this action, the appropriate interpersonal distance between the nurse and the client should be between 0 and 18 inches. - A nurse lecturing a class of students or speaking at a community forum lies within a public zone. - A personal zone refers to a nurse sitting on the client's bedside, taking a client's history, or teaching a client individually. - The vulnerable zone is where special care is needed.

Which example indicates that the nurse is following evidence-based practice? 1 The nurse documents client care in an electronic health record. 2 The nurse reads current nursing journals and uses the latest scientific methods. 3 The nurse uses flowcharts and diagrams to record the client's progress. 4 The nurse encourages the hospitalized client's family to bring home-cooked food

2 The nurse reads current nursing journals and uses the latest scientific methods.

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about quality improvement processes to improve client outcomes and efficiency of health systems. Which statement of the student nurse indicates effective learning? Select all that apply. 1 "Quality improvement processes receive funding from external sources such as grants." 2 "Quality improvement processes sometimes require institutional review board (IRB) approval." 3 "Quality improvement processes measure the effects of practice on a specific client population." 4 "Quality improvement processes store data from client records or clients who are in a specific area." 5 "Quality improvement processes focus on the implementation of already known evidence into practice."

2, 3, 4 "Quality improvement processes sometimes require institutional review board (IRB) approval." "Quality improvement processes measure the effects of practice on a specific client population." "Quality improvement processes store data from client records or clients who are in a specific area."

A nursing student is learning about the nursing process, which consists of four components. Which scenarios should the nursing student consider as content components? Select all that apply. 1 "A nurse assessing a client's medical records before surgery finds that the client is allergic to latex." 2 "The nurse-in-charge asks the nurse to check the intravenous tubing for air bubbles to prevent air emboli." 3 "The nurse checks the client's medical records for any blood transfusion reactions before administering a blood transfusion." 4 "The nurse understands that many clients buy prescribed medications from multiple medical stores; this is known as polypharmacy." 5 "The nurse knows that clients with airborne diseases should be placed in an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) to prevent the spread of pathogens."

2, 4, 5 "The nurse-in-charge asks the nurse to check the intravenous tubing for air bubbles to prevent air emboli." "The nurse understands that many clients buy prescribed medications from multiple medical stores; this is known as polypharmacy." "The nurse knows that clients with airborne diseases should be placed in an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) to prevent the spread of pathogens."

How many levels of critical thinking exist for nursing judgment?

3 There are three levels of critical thinking in nursing judgment. 1. The first level is basic critical thinking, in which the nurse has faith that the expert has the right answer to each problem. 2. The second level is complex critical thinking. The nurse examines and analyzes information provided by the expert. A nurse engaging in this critical thinking may discover that another option is available with which to solve an issue. 3. The third level of critical thinking is commitment. A nurse at this level can make choices without help from others. The nurse at this level of critical thinking takes full responsibility for every action in which he or she engages.

Which age is considered the phallic stage according to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory? 1 Birth to 18 months 2 18 months to 3 years old 3 3 to 6 years old 4 6 to 12 years old

3 3 to 6 years old

Which of these cultural groups is known to practice Ayurveda to prevent and treat illness? 1 East Asian 2 Hispanic 3 Asian Indian 4 Native American

3 Asian Indian Asian Indians are known to practice Ayurveda (a healing system comprised of a combination of dietary, herbal, and other naturalistic therapies) to prevent and treat illness. - Many East Asians use yin and yang treatment to restore balance. - Hispanic groups tend to use a combination of prayers, herbs, and other rituals to treat traditional illnesses. - Native Americans are known to rely on a combination of prayers, chanting, and herbs to treat illnesses caused by supernatural, psychological, and physical factors.

Which statement is true about Betty Neuman's theory? 1 Betty Neuman's theory is based on anthropology. 2 Betty Neuman's theory views the client as an adaptive system. 3 Betty Neuman's theory is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor. 4 Betty Neuman's theory defines the outcomes of the nursing based on humanistic aspects of life

3 Betty Neuman's theory is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor. In this model, the client is the individual, group, family, or community. The system is composed of five concepts that interact with one another: physiologic, psychologic, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual.

A client is in a state of ambivalence. Which of these stages of health behavior will the nurse suspect? 1 Preparation 2 Maintenance 3 Contemplation 4 Precontemplation

3 Comtemplation The nurse will suspect the stage of contemplation. This stage of health behavior is characterized by a client's attitude towards a change; the client is most likely to accept that change in the next six months. - The stage of preparation is when a client believes that a change in his or her behavior is advantageous. - During the maintenance stage, changes need to be implemented in the client's lifestyle. - In the precontemplation stage, the client is not willing to hear any information about the changes in the behavior.

With reference to the nursing process as a system, what is content? 1 Content is the end product of a system. 2 Content serves to inform a system about how it functions. 3 Content is the product and information obtained from the system. 4 Content is the data or information that comes from a client's assessment.

3 Content is the product and information obtained from the system

Which of these programs is least likely to focus on medication delivery process modification? 1 Evaluation research 2 Quality improvement 3 Experimental research 4 Performance improvement

3 Experimental research Experimental research is least likely to focus on medication delivery process modification. - Quality improvement, evaluation research, and performance improvement are all likely to focus on medication delivery process modification in order to make the process better for the client.

Which statement defines "information" gathered by the nurse? 1 It is an individual piece of reality. 2 It is a combination of pieces of reality. 3 It is the organization and interpretation of data. 4 It is the identification of relationship of various data.

3 It is the organization and interpretation of data. - Datum is an individual piece of reality. - When data are combined and relationships among data are identified, the nurse obtains knowledge.

Which of these is a part of health belief model? 1 Behavioral outcomes 2 Behavior-specific knowledge 3 Perception of susceptibility to an illness 4 Individual characteristics and experience

3 Perception of susceptibility to an illness The health belief model is divided into three components: 1. The first component is an individual's perception of susceptibility to an illness. 2. The second component is an individual's perception of seriousness of an illness. 3. The third component is the preventive actions taken by a person. The health promotion model focuses on behavioral outcomes, behavior-specific knowledge and affect, and individual characteristics and experience.

A theory contains a set of components such as concepts, definitions, assumptions or propositions. What do these components help to explain? 1 Domain 2 Paradigm 3 Phenomenon 4 Environment or situation

3 Phenomenon - The domain is the perspective of a profession. - A paradigm is a pattern of thought that is useful in describing the domain of a discipline. - Environment or situation includes all possible conditions affecting clients and the settings in which their health care needs occur.

A nurse conducting a research study is obtaining informed consent from a research subject. Which statement made by the nurse to the client needs correction? 1 "You may or may not give your consent. " 2 "You may rest assured that any information you provide will remain confidential." 3 "I hope you are able to understand the purpose and implications of participating in the research study." 4 "Let me explain all the details about the research and why it is the best available method of treatment."

4 "Let me explain all the details about the research and why it is the best available method of treatment." When obtaining informed consent from research subjects, the nurse is required to explain details such as the purpose of the study, procedures involved, data collection, potentials risks and benefits, and the alternative methods of treatment. The nurse should not convince the client that the research study is the best treatment option available. The nurse is required to assure the client that consent may be given voluntarily; the client is allowed to decline participation. The nurse should discuss the method of maintaining confidentiality and anonymity of information provided. The nurse should also ensure that the client is able to understand the purpose and implications of participating in the research study.

How does a nurse prepare a "factual" record when performing a client documentation? 1 By providing a logical order for the communication 2 By using exact measurements for each activity of the client 3 By providing complete and appropriate information in each client record 4 By recording descriptive and objective information of what the nurse sees, hears, feels, and smells

4 By recording descriptive and objective information of what the nurse sees, hears, feels, and smells A factual record contains descriptive and objective information about what a nurse sees, hears, feels, and smells. - An organized record communicates the information in a logical order. - The use of exact measurements establishes accuracy. - The nurse prepares a complete record by providing a complete and appropriate record that includes all essential information.

An 8-year-old child is unable to identify the plate with a greater number of chocolates when a second plate with a different amount of chocolates is placed in front of him or her. Which stage of cognitive development has the child failed to attain? 1 Sensorimotor 2 Preoperational 3 Formal operations 4 Concrete operations

4 Concrete operations The ability to mentally classify objects according to their quantitative dimensions is known as seriation, which is achieved during the concrete operations stage of cognitive development (7 to 11 years). If the child who is 7 to 11 years old is unable to recognize the quantitative dimensions, it is indicative that the child has failed to reach the concrete operations stage. If a child (birth to 2 years) does not develop object permanence, it indicates that the infant failed to attain the sensorimotor stage. If a child who is 2 to 7 years old is unable to think using symbols and mental images, it indicates that the child failed to attain the preoperational stage. If an adolescent is unable to demonstrate feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness, it indicates a failure to attain the formal operations stage.

In a clinical study, subjects were given chlorhexidine and betadine as antiseptics. How will a nurse researcher categorize this research? 1 Evaluation research 2 Descriptive research 3 Correlational research 4 Experimental research

4 Experimental research The nurse will categorize this study as experimental research. In experimental research, the investigator gives variables randomly to the subjects. In this case, subjects are given chlorhexidine and betadine to test their efficacy in reducing infection. - Evaluation research is an initial study that refines a hypothesis, such as testing a new exercise in older dementia clients. - In a descriptive study, the characteristics of a person or a situation are measured. For example, a researcher may examine the nurses' bias while caring for obese clients. - Correlational research is used to find out the relationship between different variables without the interference of a researcher. An example would be determining the educational status of nurses and their satisfaction with the job provided.

An injured client with an open wound is brought to the hospital. The doctor asks the nurse to administer a tetanus toxoid injection. Which step of the nursing process does the nurse follow next? 1 Diagnosis 2 Evaluation 3 Assessment 4 Implementation

4 Implementation

Which statement about Orem's theory needs to be corrected? 1 It determines self-care needs. 2 It explains the types of nursing care. 3 It aids in the design of nursing interventions. 4 It describes factors supporting the health of the family.

4 It describes factors supporting the health of the family. Orem's theory explains the factors within a client's living situation. These factors may support or interfere with the client's self-care abilities, but they do not refer to the family's health. This theory interprets data that determine a client's self-care needs, self-care deficits, and self-care abilities. Orem's theory explains, predicts, or describes nursing care that will help the client in bettering his or her health. The theory also aids in the design of nursing interventions for the promotion of self-care by the client during times of illness, such as asthma, diabetes mellitus, or arthritis.

Which domain of the Nursing Interventions Classification taxonomy includes care that supports homeostatic regulation? 1 Domain 1 2 Domain 2 3 Domain 3 4 Domain 4

2 Domain 2