Nutr 201 Exam 2
A substrate is a molecule that is produced from a metabolic reaction. (T/F)
false
Breakfast cereals are almost always a very unhealthy food choice. (T/F)
false
Carbohydrates are compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. (T/F)
false
Certain nutrients pass from the stomach, thru the pancreas and into the small intestine during digestion. (T/F)
false
Current evidence indicates strongly suggest that artificial sweeteners should be avoided completely. (T/F)
false
Deamination involves the removal of the amino group from a fatty acid. (T/F)
false
Dietary guidelines usually recommend that no more than 30% total carbohydrate intake should come from simple sugar. (T/F)
false
Digestion and absorption are synonyms which mean the same thing. (T/F)
false
Fatty acids are the most important source of energy for the brain. (T/F)
false
Glycogenolysis is an anabolic pathway that results in glucose production from certain amino acids. (T/F)
false
Honey is just as bad for us as table sugar and should never be eaten. (T/F)
false
Insulin stimulates the uptake and utilization of blood sucrose by body cells. (T/F)
false
Meat is considered a major source of carbohydrate, probably because of the high amount of glycogen in muscles. (T/F)
false
Most digestion occurs in the stomach. (T/F)
false
Some minerals can be produced by bacteria that live in our large intestine. (T/F)
false
The process by which carbohydrates are produced in plants is referred to as fermentation. (T/F)
false
The glycemic index represents the effect a food has upon the increase in the blood glucose level compared to a feeding of which of the following
glucose
The middle segment of the small intestine is called the
jejunum
The glycemic index represents the effect a food has upon the increase in the blood glucose level compared to a feeding of which of the following
monosaccharides
Live microorganisms in our food that promote health can be considered
probiotics
Secretion of HCl into the stomach does all of the following EXCEPT:
raises pH
For gluconeogenesis, what is the substrate and what is the product?
substrate: lactate, glycerol, amino acids; product: glucose
Which of the following are disaccharides?
sucrose, maltose, and lactose
What anatomical structure prevents stomach contents from re-entering the esophagus?
the lower esophageal sphincter
Bicarbonate from the pancreas is used to raise the pH of the contents entering the intestines from the stomach. (T/F)
true
Carbohydrates can function in foods to improve qualities such as flavor and preservation. (T/F)
true
Carbohydrates serve important functions as a component of food, not only in our bodies such as providing energy. (T/F)
true
Catabolic metabolism is the breakdown of molecules, while anabolism is the synthesis of molecules. (T/F)
true
Cavities can form when bacteria produce acid from sugar consumed in our diet. (T/F)
true
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed a reaction. (T/F)
true
In the process of protein synthesis, the step in which RNA is translated to protein is called "translation". (T/F)
true
Intestinal bacteria are important for digestive processes and gut health. (T/F)
true
Intestinal transit time can be affected by illness, which can cause either slowing (resulting in constipation) or quickening (resulting in diarrhea). (T/F)
true
It is important for individuals with celiac disease to avoid gluten consumption. (T/F)
true
Ketogenesis usually occurs at higher rates during starvation, consumption of a low carbohydrate diet, or during uncontrolled diabetes. (T/F)
true
Lactose intolerance is the result of low levels of lactase. (T/F)
true
Most of our adenosine triphosphate is generated through the electron transport system. (T/F)
true
The breakdown of fatty acids is called beta-oxidation. (T/F)
true
The gallbladder plays a key role in allowing lipid digestion. (T/F)
true
The liver and pancreas are considered accessory organs of digestion. (T/F)
true
Wheat is a particularly rich source of insoluble fiber. (T/F)
true
From what molecule do we obtain energy for most physiological processes?
ATP
Most Americans currently fail to consume the dietary recommendations for fiber intake. (T/F)
True
Which type of diet is more linked to risk of obesity?
a high fat diet
Insulin secretion can cause
a reduction in blood glucose
Rate of stomach emptying can be altered by
all of the above
The body requires energy for which of the following physiological processes?
all of the above
Which of the following is/are typical symptoms of lactose intolerance following high milk consumption?
all of the above
Bile acids
are made in the liver
Glycolysis is
breakdown of glucose to pyruvate or lactate
