Nutrition 2600 Final Exam
What is considered to be a healthy rate of weight loss for overweight people?
0.5 0- 2 lbs/week
Which of the following ranges of BMI is indicative of normal body weight?
18.5 - 24.9
If on a food label for Kraft macaroni and cheese is written: Total Fat = 13 gWhat percentage of daily value (% DV) for fat would this be (based on a maximum allowable fat intake of 65 g) ?
20%
Approximately how many kcalories per week should be expended in physical activity in order to maintain a weight loss?
2000
If a person consumed the upper Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) limit for protein as part of a diet providing 2500 Kcalories, approximately how many grams of protein would be ingested?
219
What would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 Kcal daily for four weeks?
4 pounds
Which of the following is characteristic of an essential nutrient?
Can not be made in sufficient quantity by the body
According to MyPlate most of your fat choices should come from all of the following EXCEPT:
Dairy
What is the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on blood lipid profile?
Decrease LDL, no effect on HDL
What is the meaning of a double blind experiment?
Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group
A partially hydrogenated oil sometimes changes its double bond configuration from
cis to trans
Which of the following is NOT a good dietary source of potassium?
corn flakes
Which of the following contains the MOST DHA and EPA (omega-3 fatty acids)?
Salmon
The flavonoids in pomegranate are thought to ward off cardiovascular disease by:
decreasing LDL oxidation
In what region of the body is the storage of excess body fat associated with highest risk for diabetes and heart disease?
abdomen
Anyone who is medically advised to lower LDL-cholesterol levels should
achieve and maintain appropriate body weight if overweight
Among the following groups, which has the highest BMR?
adult males
High fiber foods are helpful for people who wish to lose weight because they
all of the above
If the carbohydrate content of the diet is insufficient to meet the body's needs for glucose, which of the following can be converted to glucose?
amino acids
After consuming a very large meal, the desire to eat a slice of chocolate cake is an example of behavior known as:
appetite
Peptic ulcers can be caused by
bacteria
Which of the following foods is considered to be a low glycemic index food?
baked beans
What is the term given to mounds of lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that develop in the artery walls?
fibrous plaques
Glycolysis is the conversion of
glucose to pyruvate
Which of the following is a possible long-term outcome of moderate potassium deficiency?
high blood pressure
Which of the following are among consequence of low-carbohydrate diets?
high loses of glycogen, water minerals and lean muscle mass
Direct contributors to the metabolic syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT
high sodium intake
Which of the following is not considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
high sugar intake
What is the primary mechanism via which Orlistat (Xenical®) promotes weight loss?
it reduces secretion of fat digesting enzymes by pancreas
The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure induces weight loss by:
limiting oral intake and causing less nutrients getting absorbed
Which of the following is the most effective non-drug treatment for hypertension?
losing excess body weight
What is the RDA for calcium for adults 19-50 years of age?
1000 mg
A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 Kcal which includes 30 g of fat. Approximately what percentage of totalenergy is contributed by fat?
19
What is the RDA for protein for a 48 Kg adult woman?
38 g
According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), what percentage of the day's total energy intake should be furnished by carbohydrates?
45-65%
Which type of fatty acid is found in large amounts in olive oil?
monounsaturated
Which of the following types of fish is thought to contain higher levels of methyl mercury and therefore should be consumed in limited quantities by pregnant and lactating women?
swordfish
All of the following factors are known to enhance the absorption of iron EXCEPT
tea and coffee
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the body's higher metabolic efficiency for converting dietary fat into stored body fat compared with dietary carbohydrate?
there are fewer metablic reactions involved in disassemling the fat and in reassembling the part in trigylcerides for storage in fat cells
Which of the following is a major short coming of using weight measures to assess risk of chronic diseases?
they fail to quantitate body fat
Tom was overweight when he was 13. During puberty he continued to gain weight steadily until age 23 at which point he decided to lose weight. He successfully lost 50 pounds. Which of the following most likely happened to Tom's fat cells?
they shrank in size but did not decrease in number
Which of the following does NOT typically describe the person with anorexia nervosa?
uneducated
The best indicator of visceral obesity that could be used in clinical settings is?
waist cicrumference
Which of the following dietary components provide 7 calories per gram?
Alcohol
Which of the following people is in negative nitrogen balance?
An elderly man who is suffering from cancer and is bed ridden
Which of the following best explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy?
Because many B vitamins act as coenzymes for enzymes that help release energy from foods
Which of the following dietary approaches is thought to be beneficial to a person with hypoglycemia?
Eating carbohydrate as part of a mixed meal
Which of the food groups from the MyPlate Food Guidance System is missing from this menu? Tossed garden salad, grilled steak, baked potato with butter, vanilla flavored yogurt.
Fruits
Hydrochloric acid is secreted by cells in the lining of stomach in response to release of which of the following?
Gastrin
Absorption of nutrients by facilitated diffusion
Relies on a protein
When nutrients are transported from intestine to the vascular system (blood), what organ is first to receive them?
Liver
Which of the following is NOT among the common signs of pellagra?
demineralization
What is the main problem associated with deficiency of fluoride?
dental caries
Which of the following symptoms would ordinarily NOT be found in individuals with iron deficiency anemia?
diminished sense of smell
Which of the following population groups is most susceptible to vitamin D deficiency?
elderly men and women
What is the function of bile?
emulsifies fats
What is the chief factor that governs the quality of a food protein?
essential amino acid content
When energy yielding nutrients are consumed in excess, which one(s) can lead to storage of fat?
fat, carbohydrate, and protein
Poor dietary intake of which nutrient has been linked to spina bifida, a neural tube defect?
folate
Which of the following is a general function of vitamin C?
antioxidant agent
When blood glucose concentration falls, which pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate the release of stored glucose?
glucagon
Which of the following are among the best dietary sources of magnesium?
green leafy vegetables
High values of which of the following blood constituents are correlated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease?
high density lipoproteins
Which of the following substances is converted to vitamin A in the body?
beta-carotene
In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?
blood clotting
Which of the following vitamins is least likely to be lost in large quantity when vegetables are cooked in liberal amounts of water?
Vitamin A
Which of the following does NOT yield energy during metabolism?
Vitamins
All of the following are among the physiological impacts of anorexia nervosa EXCEPT
a rise in blood pressure
What percentage of the day's energy expenditure for an average person is represented by the basal metabolism?
about 10%
Which of the following statements illustrates the difference between the chemical bonds in starch and those in cellulose?
cellulose bonds are not broken down by human digestive enzymes but starch bonds are
Which of the following is a good source of dietary calcium?
cheese
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a source of complete protein in human nutrition?
corn
A "functional fiber" is one that
is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect
How is soluble fiber in the diet thought to help lower blood cholesterol levels?
it binds the cholesterol compounds and interferes with their absorption
Which of the following is characteristic of ketosis?
it may lead to lowering of blood ph
Which of the following sugars is found in large quantities in milk?
lactose
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?
low density lipoprotein
Immediately after absorption, which circulatory system carries the fat soluble vitamins and large fats?
lymphatic
Which of the following describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells?
metabolism
A diet low in protein and in which corn is a principal food has been found to cause a deficiency of which water soluble vitamin?
niacin
All of the following are equivalent to 1 ounce of grains EXCEPT:
one whole large bagel
When eaten in the same meal, which of the following foods enhances the absorption of iron in legumes?
orange juice
What is the first organ to respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration?
pancreas
Which of the following classes of enzymes plays a major role in digestion of fat in adults?
pancreatic lipases
The regular contraction of muscles along the digestive tract that move food through during digestion is called:
peristalsis
Of the following, which is the richest food source of thiamin?
pork
All of the following are examples of legumes EXCEPT
potatoes
Of the following, which would most likely induce a vitamin K deficiency?
prolonged antibiotic therapy
Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to
provide rigidity for the bones and teeth
What is the most reliable source of dietary fluoride?
public drinking water
Which of the following represents the MOST reliable (and best absorbed) dietary source of zinc?
red meat
What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in children?
rickets
Which of the following is the most active area for the absorption of nutrients in the body?
small intestine
Which of the following plant protein sources is considered to be a source of high quality (complete) protein for humans?
soy
What is the primary function of insulin?
stimulates gylcogen break down
Which of the following can be used by the body to synthesize vitamin D?
sunlight
In which form are most dietary fats found?
triglycerides
A person wishing to increase consumption of polyunsaturated fats should choose
vegetable oils
Which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet?
vegetables oils
A similar type of anemia is produced when there is a deficiency of either
vitamin B12 or folate
Which of the following foods is not a good source of soluble fibers?
wheat bran
Deficiency of which of the following minerals is associated with retarded growth and sexual development in children?
zinc
Which two minerals need special attention in the diets of all vegetarians?
Iron and Zinc
Which of the following is least likely to aggravate an existing ulcer?
Carrots
Nicole is reading a food label on a bag of broccoli and sees that it says it is "high in vitamin C". What exactly does this mean?
A serving gas 20% or more o fate Daily Value for vitamin C
Justin picks up a package of reduced fat hot dog in the super market. He can be confident that this food has:
At least 25% less than regular fat product
Which of the following components is released as a result of entrance of chyme containing fat and amino acids into the upper part of small intestine?
Cholecystokinin
Jerry has signed up for a nutrition research study in which he will live in a metabolic unit for eight weeks and will follow a low saturated fat / low cholesterol diet to see if it will lower his high blood cholesterol levels. What type of research study is this?
Clinical Trial
Which of the following is considered a sound approach to weight loss?
Consume a variety of ordinary nutrient dense reasonably priced foods while creating a defict of 500 -1000 calories intake/ day to achieve a gradual and persistant weight loss
In nutrition research, observations of the quantities and types of food eaten by groups of people and their health status are known as
epidemiological studies
The DASH diet plan was devised to prevent/treat
hypertension
Which of the following would you NOT expect to see in a person with kwashiorkor?
increased physical activity and lots of energy
Which of the following would describe the state of nitrogen balance of a person who ingested 16 g of nitrogen from food and excreted 19 g of nitrogen?
negative balance
Which of the following classes of fats/oils is the best choice from the stand point of cardiovascular health?
omega-3
If on a food label for Nestle's Quick Bar is written: Total fat = 2 g;%DV for total fat = 3%Which of the following statements is correct?
This candy bar is relatively low in fat
If a food has 10 grams of fat and 100 calories per serving, what is the percentage of calories from fat in this food?
90%
According to the NCEP Adult Treatment Panel III recommendations, what is considered to be the optimal level of blood LDL- cholesterol?
< 100 mg/dl
Therapy for constipation would include all of the following EXCEPT
Decreasing Fiber intake
Which of the following is NOT a feature of daily sodium intake guidelines?
The intake should be limited to 10% of total mineral intake
Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when the diet is low in
milk and milk products
