Nutrition and Drugs Chapter 5-8

The common name for glucose is _____ sugar.

Blood

Bernice is a vegan. Which of the following foods does she eat?

Legumes

_____ is the disaccharide comprised of two glucose molecules.

Maltose

Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin?

beta-carotene

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is

night blindness

B vitamins function as

parts of coenzymes

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a

peptide bond.

The human body needs vitamin K to

form active blood clotting factors.

A _____ is a substance that has an unpaired electron and, as a result, can damage vulnerable compounds, such as DNA.

free radical

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Which of the following statements is true? The typical American does not consume recommended amounts of fiber. Fruits and vegetables are sources of fiber. People may reduce their risk of type 2 diabetes by eating more fiber-rich foods. All of these are correct.

All of these are correct

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?

D

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's

DNA

Vitamin _____ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

E

Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity?

E

Which of the following statements is true? Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram. The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins Foods generally contain much smaller amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates. Most vitamins can be synthesized by the human body.

Foods generally contain much smaller amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates.

Which of the following substances is an important dietary monosaccharide for humans?

Fructose

_____ is a primary fuel for muscles and other cells.

Glucose

Which of the following statements is true? Most animal foods are good sources of carbohydrate. Honey is naturally a rich source of fructose. High-glucose corn syrup is commonly used to sweeten foods, such as regular soft drinks. Sucrose consists of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose.

Honey is naturally a rich source of fructose.

Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure.

Nitrogen

Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids?

Peach

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?

Peanuts

Which of the following amino acids is a dietary essential?

Phenylalanine

Which of the following foods is a good source of high-quality protein?

Soy milk

During digestion, which of the following substances denatures the proteins in food?

Stomach Acid

Ian sweetens his hot oatmeal with a teaspoon of brown sugar. The chemical name for this type of sugar is

Sucrose

While hiking on a trail in Yellowstone Park, Bill encountered a black bear. His adrenal glands responded to the scary situation by releasing a large amount of epinephrine. Why did Bill's body need epinephrine at this time?

To increase his body's sources of energy without having to consume them.

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins K, E, and D

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of type 2 diabetes?

Weighing more than average

Humans need vitamin B-6 for

amino acid metabolism.

Carmen is an active 7-year-old who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to chocolate-covered peanuts, and she rapidly developed _____ as a result.

anaphylaxis

An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

antioxidant

Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate _____ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.

folate

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes _____ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

glucagon

The starch in oatmeal and wheat is composed of _____ molecules.

glucose

Proteins

have nitrogen in their chemical structures. are comprised of amino acids. provide 4 kcal/gram.

Insulin

helps glucose enter cells

In the body, vitamin A helps

maintain epithelial cells

The basic chemical unit of carbohydrates is a _____ molecule.

monosaccharide

A gene is a

piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

A scientist isolates a water-soluble compound from spider venom. The substance has nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in its chemical structure. When the scientist injects the compound under the skin of mice, it causes certain structural materials in cell membranes to break down. In her next experiment, the researcher will determine whether the compound is toxic to humans. Based on this information, the compound is a

protein

Plant-based diets may not supply enough ____ to meet a child's needs

protein

Glycogen is

the form of carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue (Both of us got the same answer and it was wrong. Believe this is the correct answer)

The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of

vitamin C

The human body can absorb some of the _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

vitamin K