Nutrition Ch 4 Study Questions
What is produced when starch is broken down to just two glucose molecules bonded together? Lactose, Fructose, Maltose, Sucrose.
Maltose
What are some natural food sources of sucrose? Maple Sugar, Sugar Beets, Breakdown of Starches, Milk.
Maple Syrap and Sugar Beets
Lactose can be found in which animal products? Meat, Milk, Eggs.
Milk
What is a major food source of lactose? Fat, Milk, Bread, Fruit.
Milk
Place the hyphen correctly in the word "monosaccharide" the indicate the prefix and the word stem.
Mono-saccharide
Which of the following is a type of simple sugar? Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide, Fiber, Starch.
Monosaccharide
The primary function of glycogen is to store glucose for later use. Glycogen is stored in the liver and ___.
Muscles
When a person consumes fiber, inadequate fluid intake can lead to which of the following? - explosive diarrhea - blockages in the intestine - increased hunger
blockages in the intestine
Which macronutrients provide 4 kilocalories per gram? - alcohol - fat - carbohydrates - vitamins and minerals
carbohydrates
When bacteria in the mouth metabolize ___, they produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, leading to dental caries.
carbohydrates (sugar)
polysaccharides
carbs containing many glucose units, from 10 to 1000 or more -complex carbs or starch -found mainly in grains, vegetables, fruits
Which type of fiber is an undigestible, nonfermentable, straight-chained polysaccharide made of glucose molecules? - mucilages - hemicellulose - cellulose - pectin
cellulose
Most dietary ___ are complex carbohydrates compromised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.
fibers
Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and ___.
fructose
Name the major monosaccharide found in the body
glucose
The form of carbohydrate circulating in the blood that is used for immediate energy is called ___. This can be stored in the liver or muscle for later use in the form of ___.
glucose glycogen
lactose
glucose bonded to galactose -aka milk sugar
Which MyPlate food group has the highest starch content? - fruits - dairy - protein - grains
grains
Milk and other dairy products are major food sources of ___.
lactose
___, or malt sugar, has two glucose molecules bonded together.
maltose
best sources of starch
many of the same foods as starch -whole grains, beans, potatoes
Simple sugar
monosaccharides or disaccharides
Fiber is considered a ___. - startch - polysaccharide - amylopectin - amylose
polysaccharide
Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many (e.g. hundreds) of glucose units together?
polysaccharides
Where is the lactase enzyme produced? - small intestine - large intestine - stomach - pancreas
small intestine
___ fiber is readily fermented bu bacteria in the large intestine.
soluble
Complex Carbohydrates are also known as - peptides - sucrose - glucose - starch
starch
fiber
substances in plant foods not digested by stomach or small int. processes -add bulk to feces -if naturally found in food, called dietary fiber
Both sugars and sugar alcohols provide: sweetness, promote cavities, are 4Kcals per gram.
Sweetness
disaccharide
class of sugars formed by the chemical bonding of two monosaccharides -sucrose, lactose, maltose (glucose bonded to glucose) -all contain glucose
Which of the following are major storage sites for glycogen?
liver and muscle
According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide ___% to ___% of total calories in the diet
45-65%
fructose
6 carbon monosac. usually exists in ring form -found in fruits and honey -aka fruit sugar -high fructose corn syrup contains between 42-90% fructose
galactose
6 carbon monosach. that exists in ring form
Match the following descriptions with the correct polysacchraide
A long, straight chain of glucose units (Amylose) A highly branched chain of glucose units (Amylopectin)
Which of the following are monosaccharides? Glucose, Sucrose, Galactose, Fructose.
Glucose, Galactose, Fructose
Digestion of carbohydrates by human enzymes takes place in which sections of the gastrointestinal tract? Select all that apply. - Small intestine - large intestine - mouth - stomach
- Small intestine - mouth
5 subgroups of vegetables
dark green, beans and peas, orange and red, other, starchy
Which of the following artificail sweetners are currently available in the food supply in the U.S.? Aspertame, cyclamate, neotame, acesulfame-K.
Aspertame, Neotame, Acesulfame-K
What is another name for polysaccharides? Starch, Soluble Fiber, Complex Carbohydrates, Simple Carbohydrates
Complex Carbohydrates
In which food catagory is galactose typically found? Dairy, Fruit, Grains, Meat
Dairy
Which of the following is another term for glucose? Dextrose, Sucrose, Carbohydrate, Table Sugar.
Dextrose
Place the hyphen correctly in the word "disacchide" to indicate the prefix and the word stem.
Di-saccharide
Symptoms that include irritability, restlessness, shaking, sweating and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called ____.
Hypoglycemia
Soluble Fibers: dissolve or swell in water, do not readily dissolve in water, are metabolized by intestinal bacteria.
Dissolves or swells in water, Are metabolized by intestinal bacteria
Sucrose is made up of two monosacchraides: Glucose and ____.
Fructose
Fructose is known as fruit sugar or ____.
Levulose
Where is Glucose stored in the body? Liver, Blood, Brain, Heart
Liver
Is milk a natural source of sucrose?
No
Both Starch and Glycogen contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together and are thus types of _____.
Polysaccharides
amylase
starch-digesting enzyme from salivary glands or pancreas
PKU
defect in liver's ability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine into the amino acid tyrosine
Name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up for about 20% of digestible starch.
amylose
The body is able to convert fructose into glucose or: Fat, Glycogen, Protien, Amino Acids.
Fat
Glycogen is a branched structure comprised of many ____ units bonded together. Amino Acid, Glucose, Galactose, Fructose
Fructose
Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?
Fructose
Which two monosaccharides are components of milk sugar? Glucose, Lactose, Fructose, Galactose.
Galactose, Glucose
Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.
Glucose
The monosaccharide that serves as the basic unit for all carbohydrate structures is____.
Glucose
Human breastmilk contains which monosaccharides? Glucose, Galactose, Fructose, Maltose.
Glucose and Galactose
Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides? - lactose - cellulose - amylose - amylopectin - sucrose
- cellulose - amylose - amylopectin
What is a fiber that is not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria called? - fermentable fiber - carbohydrates - starches - nonfermentable fiber
- nonfermentable fiber
grains containing the entire seed of the plant, including the bran, germ,and endosperm (starchy interior) are called - soluble fiber - whole grains - refined grains - insoluble fiber
- whole grains
Two forms of starch digestible by humans
-Amylose: long straight chain of glucose -Amylopectin: highly branched, makes up 80% digestible starch in diet, easier to break up and digest -glycogen can break down even faster
Fiber
-group of carbs -cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, gums, mucilages, noncarb lignin -pectins, gums, mucilages: dissolve or swell in water, so viscous or soluble fibers
sugar
-simple carb -glucose and fructose=sucrose, the primary sugar in diet
monosaccharides
-simple sugar, such as glucose, not broken down further during digestion -the basic unit of all carbohydrate structures -most common= glucose, fructose, galactose
What percentage of North American show signs of lactose maldigestion?
25%
Aspertame is an alternative sweetner made of two _____ acids (phenylalanine and asparctic acid) and methenol.
Amino
Which of the following groups of polysaccharides are forms of starch? Cellulose and Hemicelluloses, Pectins and Gums, Amylose and Amylopectin, Mucilages and Lignins
Amylose and Amylopectin
True of False: Dietary Fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials .
False
Which of the following statements about fiber are true? It is a complex carbohydrate, a substance found in plants, adds bulk to feces, can be digested by human enzymes
It is a complex carbohydrate, a substance found in plants, adds bulk to feces.
The common name for the chemical in Stevia leaves that makes them sweet is called ____.
Rebiana
What does the term starch mean? A six carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in ring form, The storage form of carbohydrates in plants, Substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the stomach or small intestine, a simple form of a carbohydrate.
The storage form of carbohydrates in plants
True of False: Cyclamate is currently banned in the United States.
True
True of False: The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy.
True
True or False: Both fiber and starch are types of polysaccharides.
True
True or False: Both sugars and sugar alcohols provide calories and sweetness.
True
glycogen
a carb made of multiple units of glucose w a highly branched structure -storage form of glucose in humans -synthesized in liver and muscles
Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine leads to the production of - acids - oxylate - antioxidents - gases
acids gases
Monosaccharides generally follow a(n) ___ absorption process - passive - active - facilitated
active
Of the following polysaccharides, which is digested most rapidly? - amylopectin - amylose - lignins - cellulose
amylopectin
Which polysaacharide is a digestible, branch-chained type of starch composed of glucose units? - insoluble fiber - soluble fiber - amylose - amylopectin
amylopectin
Vegetables, beans, breads, pasta, and rice are common food sources of - lipids - amylose - sugar alcohols - lactose
amylose