Nutrition Ch 4 Study Questions

What is produced when starch is broken down to just two glucose molecules bonded together? Lactose, Fructose, Maltose, Sucrose.

Maltose

What are some natural food sources of sucrose? Maple Sugar, Sugar Beets, Breakdown of Starches, Milk.

Maple Syrap and Sugar Beets

Lactose can be found in which animal products? Meat, Milk, Eggs.

Milk

What is a major food source of lactose? Fat, Milk, Bread, Fruit.

Milk

Place the hyphen correctly in the word "monosaccharide" the indicate the prefix and the word stem.

Mono-saccharide

Which of the following is a type of simple sugar? Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide, Fiber, Starch.

Monosaccharide

The primary function of glycogen is to store glucose for later use. Glycogen is stored in the liver and ___.

Muscles

When a person consumes fiber, inadequate fluid intake can lead to which of the following? - explosive diarrhea - blockages in the intestine - increased hunger

blockages in the intestine

Which macronutrients provide 4 kilocalories per gram? - alcohol - fat - carbohydrates - vitamins and minerals

carbohydrates

When bacteria in the mouth metabolize ___, they produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, leading to dental caries.

carbohydrates (sugar)

polysaccharides

carbs containing many glucose units, from 10 to 1000 or more -complex carbs or starch -found mainly in grains, vegetables, fruits

Which type of fiber is an undigestible, nonfermentable, straight-chained polysaccharide made of glucose molecules? - mucilages - hemicellulose - cellulose - pectin

cellulose

Most dietary ___ are complex carbohydrates compromised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.

fibers

Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and ___.

fructose

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body

glucose

The form of carbohydrate circulating in the blood that is used for immediate energy is called ___. This can be stored in the liver or muscle for later use in the form of ___.

glucose glycogen

lactose

glucose bonded to galactose -aka milk sugar

Which MyPlate food group has the highest starch content? - fruits - dairy - protein - grains

grains

Milk and other dairy products are major food sources of ___.

lactose

___, or malt sugar, has two glucose molecules bonded together.

maltose

best sources of starch

many of the same foods as starch -whole grains, beans, potatoes

Simple sugar

monosaccharides or disaccharides

Fiber is considered a ___. - startch - polysaccharide - amylopectin - amylose

polysaccharide

Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many (e.g. hundreds) of glucose units together?

polysaccharides

Where is the lactase enzyme produced? - small intestine - large intestine - stomach - pancreas

small intestine

___ fiber is readily fermented bu bacteria in the large intestine.

soluble

Complex Carbohydrates are also known as - peptides - sucrose - glucose - starch

starch

fiber

substances in plant foods not digested by stomach or small int. processes -add bulk to feces -if naturally found in food, called dietary fiber

Both sugars and sugar alcohols provide: sweetness, promote cavities, are 4Kcals per gram.

Sweetness

disaccharide

class of sugars formed by the chemical bonding of two monosaccharides -sucrose, lactose, maltose (glucose bonded to glucose) -all contain glucose

Which of the following are major storage sites for glycogen?

liver and muscle

According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide ___% to ___% of total calories in the diet

45-65%

fructose

6 carbon monosac. usually exists in ring form -found in fruits and honey -aka fruit sugar -high fructose corn syrup contains between 42-90% fructose

galactose

6 carbon monosach. that exists in ring form

Match the following descriptions with the correct polysacchraide

A long, straight chain of glucose units (Amylose) A highly branched chain of glucose units (Amylopectin)

Which of the following are monosaccharides? Glucose, Sucrose, Galactose, Fructose.

Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

Digestion of carbohydrates by human enzymes takes place in which sections of the gastrointestinal tract? Select all that apply. - Small intestine - large intestine - mouth - stomach

- Small intestine - mouth

5 subgroups of vegetables

dark green, beans and peas, orange and red, other, starchy

Which of the following artificail sweetners are currently available in the food supply in the U.S.? Aspertame, cyclamate, neotame, acesulfame-K.

Aspertame, Neotame, Acesulfame-K

What is another name for polysaccharides? Starch, Soluble Fiber, Complex Carbohydrates, Simple Carbohydrates

Complex Carbohydrates

In which food catagory is galactose typically found? Dairy, Fruit, Grains, Meat

Dairy

Which of the following is another term for glucose? Dextrose, Sucrose, Carbohydrate, Table Sugar.

Dextrose

Place the hyphen correctly in the word "disacchide" to indicate the prefix and the word stem.

Di-saccharide

Symptoms that include irritability, restlessness, shaking, sweating and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called ____.

Hypoglycemia

Soluble Fibers: dissolve or swell in water, do not readily dissolve in water, are metabolized by intestinal bacteria.

Dissolves or swells in water, Are metabolized by intestinal bacteria

Sucrose is made up of two monosacchraides: Glucose and ____.

Fructose

Fructose is known as fruit sugar or ____.

Levulose

Where is Glucose stored in the body? Liver, Blood, Brain, Heart

Liver

Is milk a natural source of sucrose?

No

Both Starch and Glycogen contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together and are thus types of _____.

Polysaccharides

amylase

starch-digesting enzyme from salivary glands or pancreas

PKU

defect in liver's ability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine into the amino acid tyrosine

Name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up for about 20% of digestible starch.

amylose

The body is able to convert fructose into glucose or: Fat, Glycogen, Protien, Amino Acids.

Fat

Glycogen is a branched structure comprised of many ____ units bonded together. Amino Acid, Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

Fructose

Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?

Fructose

Which two monosaccharides are components of milk sugar? Glucose, Lactose, Fructose, Galactose.

Galactose, Glucose

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.

Glucose

The monosaccharide that serves as the basic unit for all carbohydrate structures is____.

Glucose

Human breastmilk contains which monosaccharides? Glucose, Galactose, Fructose, Maltose.

Glucose and Galactose

Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides? - lactose - cellulose - amylose - amylopectin - sucrose

- cellulose - amylose - amylopectin

What is a fiber that is not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria called? - fermentable fiber - carbohydrates - starches - nonfermentable fiber

- nonfermentable fiber

grains containing the entire seed of the plant, including the bran, germ,and endosperm (starchy interior) are called - soluble fiber - whole grains - refined grains - insoluble fiber

- whole grains

Two forms of starch digestible by humans

-Amylose: long straight chain of glucose -Amylopectin: highly branched, makes up 80% digestible starch in diet, easier to break up and digest -glycogen can break down even faster

Fiber

-group of carbs -cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, gums, mucilages, noncarb lignin -pectins, gums, mucilages: dissolve or swell in water, so viscous or soluble fibers

sugar

-simple carb -glucose and fructose=sucrose, the primary sugar in diet

monosaccharides

-simple sugar, such as glucose, not broken down further during digestion -the basic unit of all carbohydrate structures -most common= glucose, fructose, galactose

What percentage of North American show signs of lactose maldigestion?

25%

Aspertame is an alternative sweetner made of two _____ acids (phenylalanine and asparctic acid) and methenol.

Amino

Which of the following groups of polysaccharides are forms of starch? Cellulose and Hemicelluloses, Pectins and Gums, Amylose and Amylopectin, Mucilages and Lignins

Amylose and Amylopectin

True of False: Dietary Fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials .

False

Which of the following statements about fiber are true? It is a complex carbohydrate, a substance found in plants, adds bulk to feces, can be digested by human enzymes

It is a complex carbohydrate, a substance found in plants, adds bulk to feces.

The common name for the chemical in Stevia leaves that makes them sweet is called ____.

Rebiana

What does the term starch mean? A six carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in ring form, The storage form of carbohydrates in plants, Substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the stomach or small intestine, a simple form of a carbohydrate.

The storage form of carbohydrates in plants

True of False: Cyclamate is currently banned in the United States.

True

True of False: The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy.

True

True or False: Both fiber and starch are types of polysaccharides.

True

True or False: Both sugars and sugar alcohols provide calories and sweetness.

True

glycogen

a carb made of multiple units of glucose w a highly branched structure -storage form of glucose in humans -synthesized in liver and muscles

Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine leads to the production of - acids - oxylate - antioxidents - gases

acids gases

Monosaccharides generally follow a(n) ___ absorption process - passive - active - facilitated

active

Of the following polysaccharides, which is digested most rapidly? - amylopectin - amylose - lignins - cellulose

amylopectin

Which polysaacharide is a digestible, branch-chained type of starch composed of glucose units? - insoluble fiber - soluble fiber - amylose - amylopectin

amylopectin

Vegetables, beans, breads, pasta, and rice are common food sources of - lipids - amylose - sugar alcohols - lactose

amylose