Nutrition Ch 7-8 Review
You have a friend who eats a lot of highly processed foods, fast foods, and convenience foods, but does drink fortified milk. What type of deficiency is your friend at risk for developing?
Vitamin E
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamins A, D, E, K
Which statement regarding water-soluble vitamins is FALSE?
Water-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed and stored in the liver
_______ should increase their intake of vitamin C because they typically have low vitamin C blood concentrations
Smokers
What is the most abundant mineral in soft water?
Sodium
Transport proteins in cell membranes maintain the proper balance of ____ (mostly outside the cells) and _____ (mostly inside the cells)
Sodium, potassium
Which individual has a valid reason to take a vitamin/mineral supplement?
Someone who is addicted to drugs or alcohol
If you eat a food that contains a large dose of thiamin and riboflavin, what will most likely happen to the thiamin and riboflavin?
They will be excreted if not used on the day they are absorbed
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fat-soluble vitamins?
Toxicities are unlikely, even when taking supplements
All of these are important functions of iron:
Transports oxygen in the blood, aids in enzyme activity for energy metabolism, and prevents anemia
True/False: Active forms of vitamin A that are readily absorbed in the body are only found in foods derived from animals
True
True/False: Grains contain phytic acid
True
True/False: Tap water helps promote infant teeth health
True
True/False: Vitamin A can be made in the human body
True
True/False: Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant
True
True/False: When the body needs more calcium, proteins in the intestinal lining increase its absorption.
True
What is the primary food source of vitamin E for Americans?
Vegetable Oils
When consumed in high amounts during pregnancy, this fat soluble vitamin can lead to birth defects
Vitamin A
Which vitamin supplement is known to cause malformations of a fetus?
Vitamin A
Vitamin A and ______ are fat soluble vitamins that act like hormones
Vitamin D
When exposed to sunlight, the skin makes ______
Vitamin D
Which vitamin is mismatched with its deficiency?
Vitamin D - pernicious anemia
Which of the fat-soluble vitamins were originally named tocopherol?
Vitamin E
Which of the fat-soluble vitamins works as an antioxidant?
Vitamin E
Compounds that when consumed are converted into active vitamins are ______, also called provitamins.
precursors
What are two chief functions of potassium?
1. Maintains normal fluid and electrolyte balance 2. Assists in nerve functioning and muscle
Which food item has the highest amount of vitamin C?
1/2 cup sweet red pepper
Water accounts for what percentage of the human body's weight?
60%
The adult Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for vitamin C is ______ mg for men and ____ mg for women
90, 75
Which individual is most likely to experience osteoporosis?
A 70-year old female who smokes
How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
A DEXA scan
The main functions of Vitamin E in the body are
Antioxidant and epithelial cell (skin) health
Which B vitamin is critical for cell replication and proper nerve functioning?
B12
Deficiency in the water-soluble vitamins, _____ and ______, contribute to anemia, and a deficiency in ______ causes pellagra.
B12, folate, niacin
To make new cells, tissues must have which vitamin?
Folate
Good sources of iron include:
Beef liver, swiss chard, and black beans
The plant-derived precursor to vitamin A is ______
Beta-carotene
For someone with lactose intolerance, what is the best alternative source of calcium?
Broccoli and rutabaga
Which of the following are classified as water-soluble vitamins?
Bs and C vitamins
____ and _____ are important for the infrastructure of bone
Calcium, phosphorus
All of the following are functions of vitamin C EXCEPT which one?
Cell differentiation
What is not a good food source of Vitamin D?
Citrus fruits
The function of water:
Cleanses the tissues and blood of wastes, participates in the body's chemical reactions, acts as a lubricant around joints, and aids in the maintenance of the body's temperature
The following steps will help prevent vitamin losses EXCEPT which one?
Cook vegetables at high temperatures to retain vitamin content
Which nutrient is LEAST likely to play a role in bone health?
Copper
For someone who wants to reduce the amount of sodium in his or her diet, what food would you recommend avoiding?
Deli meat
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance:
Disrupts the heartbeat, is a medical emergency, can be caused by vomiting and diarrhea and can lead to death
What type of water does NOT contain any dissolved minerals?
Distilled water
Which characteristic is LEAST likely to apply to a fat-soluble vitamin?
Easily absorbed and excreted in urine
What is water intoxication? The normal amount of _________ in the body is pushed outside safe limits.
Electrolytes
What is one of the major roles of calcium in the body?
Essential for muscle contractions
A woman who is on a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss may have difficulty maintaining an adequate level of the B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate. What characteristic of her diet would cause this?
Exclusion of grains and cereals
Cells with iron deficiency anemia are more pigmented and larger than normal cells
False
True/False: B12 supplements mask a folate deficiency
False
True/False: Calcium, iron, and potassium are major minerals that are essential for the body's proper functioning
False
True/False: Tea and coffee are known to enhance iron absorption
False
True/False: The concentration of vitamins in fruit and vegetables remains constant during cooking
False
True/False: Vitamins are essential, caloric nutrients that are needed in tiny amounts
False
True/false: Risk factors for osteoporosis include older age, being of African American/black heritage, and of low body weight
False
What types of vitamins are more likely to be toxic at high levels?
Fat soluble
What does tap water contain that will help infant teeth health?
Flouride
Current recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes are for us to consume a variety from each category on a daily basis. What are the two vitamins that are abundant in leafy greens and citrus fruits, as well as other fruits and vegetables?
Folate and vitamin C
What is the main function of vitamin K?
Help blood to clot
Which symptom is not associated with vitamin B deficiency?
Increased appetite
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to cases of rickets in the United States?
Increased physical activity in organized sports
Minerals are
Inorganic substances
What is the nonfood source that can produce vitamin K making a deficiency in humans unlikely?
Intestinal bacteria
Which vitamin's main role is to help activate proteins that help blood clot?
K
Choose the situation that decreases the body's ability to make Vitamin D
Living in the northern US
What component of the body is associated with water?
Muscle
Which of the following is NOT a major function of vitamin A?
Muscle contraction and nerve transmission
Large doses of ______ a water-soluble vitamin, have been prescribed to help improve blood lipids associated with cardiovascular disease
Niacin
What would you tell someone who is considering taking chromium supplements for weight loss and diabetes?
No benefit for reducing body fat with chromium supplements has been proven
All the following are characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins EXCEPT which one?
Overconsumption of food sources should be monitored because the vitamins can accumulate leading to toxicity
In the protein Hemoglobin, Iron/Fe aids in
Oxygen binding
The need for vitamin E rises as people consume more of what because it requires antioxidant protection by the vitamin?
Polyunsaturated fat
Which of these are important functions of water?
Regulates body temperature, lubricates joints, and acts as a universal solvent
Which is not a B vitamin?
Rubidium acid
Which deficiency disease is attributed to a lack of vitamin C?
Scurvy
What mineral is associated with poor growth in children?
Zinc
What trace mineral is essential to sperm production and taste perception, and assists in immune function?
Zinc
B12 and ________ help cells multiply
folate