Nutrition Ch 7-8 Review

You have a friend who eats a lot of highly processed foods, fast foods, and convenience foods, but does drink fortified milk. What type of deficiency is your friend at risk for developing?

Vitamin E

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Vitamins A, D, E, K

Which statement regarding water-soluble vitamins is FALSE?

Water-soluble vitamins are easily absorbed and stored in the liver

_______ should increase their intake of vitamin C because they typically have low vitamin C blood concentrations

Smokers

What is the most abundant mineral in soft water?

Sodium

Transport proteins in cell membranes maintain the proper balance of ____ (mostly outside the cells) and _____ (mostly inside the cells)

Sodium, potassium

Which individual has a valid reason to take a vitamin/mineral supplement?

Someone who is addicted to drugs or alcohol

If you eat a food that contains a large dose of thiamin and riboflavin, what will most likely happen to the thiamin and riboflavin?

They will be excreted if not used on the day they are absorbed

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fat-soluble vitamins?

Toxicities are unlikely, even when taking supplements

All of these are important functions of iron:

Transports oxygen in the blood, aids in enzyme activity for energy metabolism, and prevents anemia

True/False: Active forms of vitamin A that are readily absorbed in the body are only found in foods derived from animals

True

True/False: Grains contain phytic acid

True

True/False: Tap water helps promote infant teeth health

True

True/False: Vitamin A can be made in the human body

True

True/False: Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant

True

True/False: When the body needs more calcium, proteins in the intestinal lining increase its absorption.

True

What is the primary food source of vitamin E for Americans?

Vegetable Oils

When consumed in high amounts during pregnancy, this fat soluble vitamin can lead to birth defects

Vitamin A

Which vitamin supplement is known to cause malformations of a fetus?

Vitamin A

Vitamin A and ______ are fat soluble vitamins that act like hormones

Vitamin D

When exposed to sunlight, the skin makes ______

Vitamin D

Which vitamin is mismatched with its deficiency?

Vitamin D - pernicious anemia

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins were originally named tocopherol?

Vitamin E

Which of the fat-soluble vitamins works as an antioxidant?

Vitamin E

Compounds that when consumed are converted into active vitamins are ______, also called provitamins.

precursors

What are two chief functions of potassium?

1. Maintains normal fluid and electrolyte balance 2. Assists in nerve functioning and muscle

Which food item has the highest amount of vitamin C?

1/2 cup sweet red pepper

Water accounts for what percentage of the human body's weight?

60%

The adult Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for vitamin C is ______ mg for men and ____ mg for women

90, 75

Which individual is most likely to experience osteoporosis?

A 70-year old female who smokes

How is osteoporosis diagnosed?

A DEXA scan

The main functions of Vitamin E in the body are

Antioxidant and epithelial cell (skin) health

Which B vitamin is critical for cell replication and proper nerve functioning?

B12

Deficiency in the water-soluble vitamins, _____ and ______, contribute to anemia, and a deficiency in ______ causes pellagra.

B12, folate, niacin

To make new cells, tissues must have which vitamin?

Folate

Good sources of iron include:

Beef liver, swiss chard, and black beans

The plant-derived precursor to vitamin A is ______

Beta-carotene

For someone with lactose intolerance, what is the best alternative source of calcium?

Broccoli and rutabaga

Which of the following are classified as water-soluble vitamins?

Bs and C vitamins

____ and _____ are important for the infrastructure of bone

Calcium, phosphorus

All of the following are functions of vitamin C EXCEPT which one?

Cell differentiation

What is not a good food source of Vitamin D?

Citrus fruits

The function of water:

Cleanses the tissues and blood of wastes, participates in the body's chemical reactions, acts as a lubricant around joints, and aids in the maintenance of the body's temperature

The following steps will help prevent vitamin losses EXCEPT which one?

Cook vegetables at high temperatures to retain vitamin content

Which nutrient is LEAST likely to play a role in bone health?

Copper

For someone who wants to reduce the amount of sodium in his or her diet, what food would you recommend avoiding?

Deli meat

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance:

Disrupts the heartbeat, is a medical emergency, can be caused by vomiting and diarrhea and can lead to death

What type of water does NOT contain any dissolved minerals?

Distilled water

Which characteristic is LEAST likely to apply to a fat-soluble vitamin?

Easily absorbed and excreted in urine

What is water intoxication? The normal amount of _________ in the body is pushed outside safe limits.

Electrolytes

What is one of the major roles of calcium in the body?

Essential for muscle contractions

A woman who is on a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss may have difficulty maintaining an adequate level of the B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate. What characteristic of her diet would cause this?

Exclusion of grains and cereals

Cells with iron deficiency anemia are more pigmented and larger than normal cells

False

True/False: B12 supplements mask a folate deficiency

False

True/False: Calcium, iron, and potassium are major minerals that are essential for the body's proper functioning

False

True/False: Tea and coffee are known to enhance iron absorption

False

True/False: The concentration of vitamins in fruit and vegetables remains constant during cooking

False

True/False: Vitamins are essential, caloric nutrients that are needed in tiny amounts

False

True/false: Risk factors for osteoporosis include older age, being of African American/black heritage, and of low body weight

False

What types of vitamins are more likely to be toxic at high levels?

Fat soluble

What does tap water contain that will help infant teeth health?

Flouride

Current recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes are for us to consume a variety from each category on a daily basis. What are the two vitamins that are abundant in leafy greens and citrus fruits, as well as other fruits and vegetables?

Folate and vitamin C

What is the main function of vitamin K?

Help blood to clot

Which symptom is not associated with vitamin B deficiency?

Increased appetite

Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to cases of rickets in the United States?

Increased physical activity in organized sports

Minerals are

Inorganic substances

What is the nonfood source that can produce vitamin K making a deficiency in humans unlikely?

Intestinal bacteria

Which vitamin's main role is to help activate proteins that help blood clot?

K

Choose the situation that decreases the body's ability to make Vitamin D

Living in the northern US

What component of the body is associated with water?

Muscle

Which of the following is NOT a major function of vitamin A?

Muscle contraction and nerve transmission

Large doses of ______ a water-soluble vitamin, have been prescribed to help improve blood lipids associated with cardiovascular disease

Niacin

What would you tell someone who is considering taking chromium supplements for weight loss and diabetes?

No benefit for reducing body fat with chromium supplements has been proven

All the following are characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins EXCEPT which one?

Overconsumption of food sources should be monitored because the vitamins can accumulate leading to toxicity

In the protein Hemoglobin, Iron/Fe aids in

Oxygen binding

The need for vitamin E rises as people consume more of what because it requires antioxidant protection by the vitamin?

Polyunsaturated fat

Which of these are important functions of water?

Regulates body temperature, lubricates joints, and acts as a universal solvent

Which is not a B vitamin?

Rubidium acid

Which deficiency disease is attributed to a lack of vitamin C?

Scurvy

What mineral is associated with poor growth in children?

Zinc

What trace mineral is essential to sperm production and taste perception, and assists in immune function?

Zinc

B12 and ________ help cells multiply

folate