Nutrition Chapter 1 MCQ

There are ________ vitamins and each has its own special dietary role to play.

13

Of the top seven causes of death in the United States, how many are linked with diet?

4

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates?

45% to 65%

The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for a nutrient meets the needs of about ________ of the population.

50%

Approximately how many people in the United States are overweight or obese?

60%

Chronic diseases are responsible for ________ of adult deaths in the U.S.

70%

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for a nutrient meets the needs of about ________ of the population.

98%

Which individual is making a food choice based on values?

A Catholic woman who fasts on Good Friday to honor religious custom

Which of the following defines a subclinical deficiency?

A deficiency in the early stages, before the outward signs have appeared

Which statement about nutrition's role in a person's life is FALSE?

A diet is defined as a restrictive food plan designed for weight loss.

Calorie

A measure of heat energy

Subclinical deficiency

A nutrient deficiency before outward signs have appeared

Anecdote

A personal account of an event

Your research findings suggest "the less vitamin C, the fewer colds." What do your findings suggest?

A positive correlation

Placebo.

A sham treatment in controlled research studies

Hypothesis

A tentative solution to a scientific problem

What nonnutritive substance contributes energy, but does not sustain life?

Alcohol

Which of the following statements accurately describes vitamins?

Almost every action in the body requires the assistance of vitamins.

Alcohol

An energy-yielding non-nutrient

Fat

An energy-yielding nutrient

Vitamins

An organic micronutrient

Which of the following is not a category of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)?

Anthropometric Measurements (AM)

A person who eats a granola bar from a vending machine is most likely making a food choice based on: ____.

Availability

You are a health care professional tasked with taking an anthropometric measurement of a client. Which of the following would you measure?

Body weight

What is a weakness of an epidemiological study?

Cause and effect cannot be proven.

Which title is granted by alternative educational programs and sounds authoritative but lacks the credentials of an RDN?

Certified nutritionist

Which of the following is an example of an ultra-processed food?

Chicken nuggets

Randomization

Choosing experimental members without bias

Laboratory testing

Clinical examination of blood and urine

Researchers collect data to assess a population's nutrition status. Which of the following statements is true for the United States today?

Congress uses the research data to regulate the food supply

____________________ is the mental activity of rationally and skillfully analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information.

Critical thinking

Which of the following reflects the correct sequence of stages in the development of a nutrient deficiency.

Declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, and overt signs

Which title is given to a person who has a minimum of an associate's degree from an accredited university and assists registered dietitians?

Dietetic technician

1.

Energy (kcal) required to increase temperature of 1 kg of water 1° C

Overnutrition.

Excess energy or nutrition

Which nutrient has the greatest energy density?

Fat

Which of the following statements about nutrient recommendations worldwide is FALSE?

Fewer than 20 nations have nutrient standards similar to those in the U.S.

Which statement accurately describes physical exams as a nutrition assessment tool?

Hair and posture can provide clues to nutrient imbalances.

Treyvon eats strawberries more than any other food. Based on what you've learned about influences on food choices, what would be the most likely reason Treyvon eats strawberries?

He likes how strawberries taste.

Which of the following terms is defined as an account of a client's disease risks?

Health history

What is the leading cause of death in the United States?

Heart disease

What is a strength of laboratory-based studies?

It can determine the effects of a variable.

Which of the following statements best describes the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for a nutrient?

It is the minimum amount that the average person needs in her diet.

Which part of a research article defines key terms, study design, subjects, and procedures?

Methodology

What is the simplest nutrient?

Minerals

Healthy People

National public health initiative

Which of the following statements describes a double-blind experiment?

Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental groups.

Phytochemicals

Non-nutrient compounds found in plants

16

Number of essential minerals in the human diet

40

Number of nutrients known to be essential to human

Water

Nutrient found in 60% of the human body

Which of the following statements accurately describes nutrient intakes?

Nutrient intakes above the UL put an individual at risk of toxicity

Which of the following terms is defined as the science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the activities of nutrients?

Nutritional genomics

Which term describes the process in which a panel of scientists rigorously evaluates a research study to ensure that the scientific method was followed?

Peer review

Which of the following is not a nutrition assessment used by a trained health care professional?

Personality profile screening

Which energy-yielding nutrients are found in part of the structural component of muscles and help regulate digestion?

Proteins

Which title is bestowed on an individual who specializes in providing nutrition services through organized community efforts?

Public health nutritionist

Drug history

Record of all prescribed and over-the-counter medications

Diet history

Record of eating behaviors

Which title is given to a person who has a minimum of a bachelor's degree from an accredited university, has completed a supervised practice program, and has passed a national examination administered by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics?

Registered dietician nutritionist

What is the best source of nutrition information?

Registered dietitian

Why are vitamins and minerals sometimes called micronutrients?

The body requires only small amounts of them daily.

What happens when the body uses energy-yielding nutrients?

The bonds between the atoms break and release energy

Energy

The capacity to do work

Which statement best explains the association between a risk factor and the development of a disease?

The fewer risk factors for a disease, the better the chances for good health.

Which of the following best describes randomization?

The process of choosing members of experimental and control groups without bias

Which of the following statements about essential nutrients is FALSE?

There are about 100 nutrients essential for the human body.

Which of the following statements about minerals is FALSE?

There are six minerals known to be essential to human nutrition.

Which of the following statements accurately describes Dietary Reference Intakes?

They aid in the planning and evaluation of diets for healthy people.

What is the purpose of the Healthy People program?

To identify leading causes of death in the United States To set goals for the nation's health over the next 10 years

What is the most prominent risk factor in the United States?

Tobacco use

Which of the following is defined as the maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse side effects?

UL

Which of the following statements about the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is FALSE?

UL for energy are based on a person's age, gender, weight, and height.

Sun is extremely thin, is losing muscle tissue, and is becoming prone to infections. Which term best describes Sun's condition?

Undernutrition

What essential nutrient provides the environment in which nearly all the body's activities take place?

Water

You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human double-blind experiments on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. The researcher instantly informs you that there are two errors in your research practice. What steps should you have taken to conduct your experiment correctly?

You should have prevented yourself from knowing what was in the pill bottles, and distributed the bottles randomly to the subjects.

The scientific method always begins with ________.

a problem or a question

A personal account of an experience or event, which does not make for reliable scientific information, is called a/an ____________________.

anecdote

Researchers benefit from a large sample size because ________.

chance variation is less likely to affect the results

The ability to interact effectively with people from diverse cultures is called ____________________.

cultural competence

For those who do not smoke or drink alcohol excessively, the one choice that can influence chronic disease risks more than any other is ________.

diet

The motive for people who prefer foods they grew up eating is most likely related to their ____.

ethnic heritage

Calories or kcalories are a measure of _______ energy.

heat

When conducting research, an educated guess like, "Diets rich in fiber always lead to good health," is called a _______.

hypothesis

Minerals and water are ____________________ nutrients because they do not contain carbon.

inorganic

Internationally, work energy is measured in ________.

kilojoules

What We Eat in America collects data on the kinds and amounts of food people eat. It is an example of a national ________.

nutrition survey

Something that is out in the open and easy to observe is said to be ____________________

overt

Which of the following does not represent one of the six classes of nutrients?

phytochemicals

Farah is a movie fan and always eats a big bucket of buttery popcorn at the theater. Her food choice is most likely based on ____.

positive association

A diet history provides clues to ________ deficiencies.

primary

To be accepted into the body of nutrition knowledge, research findings must stand up to rigorous, repeated testing in experiments conducted by other researchers. This is called ________.

replication

The lowest continuing intake of a nutrient that will maintain a specified criterion of adequacy is called a nutrient ________.

requirement

The lowest continuing intake of a nutrient that will maintain a specified criterion of adequacy is called a/an ____________________.

requirement

A condition associated with an elevated frequency of disease but not proved to be causal is called a ____________________ .

risk factor

At a party with friends, Janine drinks wine and eats hors d'oeuvres, even though she is not hungry. This is an example of a food-related ____.

social interaction

An apple is composed primarily of ________.

water