Nutrition Chapter 11

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What is the maximum (% of body weight) of body water can someone lose as sweat?

10%

A desirable HDL Cholesterol is what number?

Above 40 mg/dl

Of the following 4 items, what would be the 1st approach to lower blood cholesterol?

Achieve and Maintain a Healthy Wt.

How does obesity increase the risk for hypertension?

Altered kidney function, fluid retention

The obstruction of the blood vessel by a clot that broke away from an arterial plaque is called what?

An embolism

What is prehypertension?

Blood pressure that is slightly higher than normal. Pressures are between 120 and 139mm Hg systolic or 80 and 89mm hg diastolic

What would be a risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease?

C-Reactive Protein

In the immediate post exercise period, what type of diet enhances muscle synthesis?

Carbohydrate plus protein

What dietary nutrients are most effective in raising glycogen stores?

Carbohydrates

What is the effect on the heart and lungs called with regular exercise?

Cardiorespiratory conditioning

What would best increase glycogen after exercise?

Consume a carbohydrate-rich meal or snack

What is muscle atrophy?

Decrease in the size of muscle, therefore loss of muscle fibers

Which of the following foods are related to the development of Salmonella?

Eggs, meat and poultry

What international agency has set standards for use of pesticides?

FAO

A typical 1st sign of dehydration?

Fatigue

Which dietary component is thought to be protective against some cancers?

Fiber

What is the main adverse effect of drinking carbonated beverages before exercise?

Fills stomach with gas-impedes hydration

In the development of plaque in the blood vessels, what is thought to be responsible for the oxidation of LDL?

Free radicals

Which of 4 items would be classified as resistance training?

Free weights, weight machines, resistance bands and your own body weight

When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon of "hitting the wall" what is depleted?

Glycogen stores

Which is the most common form of cardiovascular disease?

Coronary HD

What disease accounts for the majority of deaths in US women? Hint: Same as men.

Coronary heart disease

What is the high energy compound acts as a reservoir for ATP production?

Creatine Phosphate

What is the food that has the highest amount of mercury?

Seafood

Clostridium botulinum poisoning is a hazard related to what?

Improperly canned vegetables

What is a common product of anaerobic metabolism?

Lactate

What is the leading cause of food contamination in the US?

Microbes

What cellular organelles produce ATP aerobically?

Mitochondrial

How can one determine body water loss before and after activity?

Multiply by 2 to determine true fluid loss in cups after the event.

What is the effect of caffeine use in an athlete?

Stimulates Fatty Acid release

The application of heat to inactivate most, but not all bacteria is called what?

Pasteurization

What is the main cause of solanine concentration in potatoes (green skin) Hint: Storage.

Potato tubers are exposed to light

What is the predominant fuel used by muscle cells with low to moderate activity?

fat

What is a characteristic of sports anemia?

Temporary. No treatment needed

In which condition would the pancreas be unable to produce insulin?

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

A substance that causes cancer is called what?

carcinogen

The flavor enhancer MSG represents a dietary source of what? Hint: MSG stands for Mono-Sodium Glutamate.

sodium

What is believed to be a primary cause of Type 1 Diabetes? Hint: Immune System

Defect of the immune system

Of the 10 leading causes of illness and death, how many are nutrition related?

Four

Which is an example of Food Intoxication?

Illness produced from ingestion of food contaminated with natural toxins

A person who produces a normal amount of insulin, but whose cells show a suboptimal response is said to be what?

Insulin resistant

What nutrient is important in providing oxygen in blood and muscle and is important in energy transformation reactions?

Iron

What blood cholesterol carrier is the greatest concern in atherosclerosis?

LDL

When a sliced fresh apple turns brown, what likely causes this?

Oxidation, reaction of an enzyme with the phenolic compounds present in these fruits

Hyponatremia is low levels of what in the blood?

Sodium

What is the current knowledge on the use of vitamin and mineral supplements in athletic performance?

They may be beneficial for athletes who struggle to meet their energy requirements

Of a list of 4 risk factors for chronic disease, which can be modified and improved by diet?

Tobacco use, alcohol, less intake of saturated and trans fats


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