Nutrition Chapter 11
What is the maximum (% of body weight) of body water can someone lose as sweat?
10%
A desirable HDL Cholesterol is what number?
Above 40 mg/dl
Of the following 4 items, what would be the 1st approach to lower blood cholesterol?
Achieve and Maintain a Healthy Wt.
How does obesity increase the risk for hypertension?
Altered kidney function, fluid retention
The obstruction of the blood vessel by a clot that broke away from an arterial plaque is called what?
An embolism
What is prehypertension?
Blood pressure that is slightly higher than normal. Pressures are between 120 and 139mm Hg systolic or 80 and 89mm hg diastolic
What would be a risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease?
C-Reactive Protein
In the immediate post exercise period, what type of diet enhances muscle synthesis?
Carbohydrate plus protein
What dietary nutrients are most effective in raising glycogen stores?
Carbohydrates
What is the effect on the heart and lungs called with regular exercise?
Cardiorespiratory conditioning
What would best increase glycogen after exercise?
Consume a carbohydrate-rich meal or snack
What is muscle atrophy?
Decrease in the size of muscle, therefore loss of muscle fibers
Which of the following foods are related to the development of Salmonella?
Eggs, meat and poultry
What international agency has set standards for use of pesticides?
FAO
A typical 1st sign of dehydration?
Fatigue
Which dietary component is thought to be protective against some cancers?
Fiber
What is the main adverse effect of drinking carbonated beverages before exercise?
Fills stomach with gas-impedes hydration
In the development of plaque in the blood vessels, what is thought to be responsible for the oxidation of LDL?
Free radicals
Which of 4 items would be classified as resistance training?
Free weights, weight machines, resistance bands and your own body weight
When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon of "hitting the wall" what is depleted?
Glycogen stores
Which is the most common form of cardiovascular disease?
Coronary HD
What disease accounts for the majority of deaths in US women? Hint: Same as men.
Coronary heart disease
What is the high energy compound acts as a reservoir for ATP production?
Creatine Phosphate
What is the food that has the highest amount of mercury?
Seafood
Clostridium botulinum poisoning is a hazard related to what?
Improperly canned vegetables
What is a common product of anaerobic metabolism?
Lactate
What is the leading cause of food contamination in the US?
Microbes
What cellular organelles produce ATP aerobically?
Mitochondrial
How can one determine body water loss before and after activity?
Multiply by 2 to determine true fluid loss in cups after the event.
What is the effect of caffeine use in an athlete?
Stimulates Fatty Acid release
The application of heat to inactivate most, but not all bacteria is called what?
Pasteurization
What is the main cause of solanine concentration in potatoes (green skin) Hint: Storage.
Potato tubers are exposed to light
What is the predominant fuel used by muscle cells with low to moderate activity?
fat
What is a characteristic of sports anemia?
Temporary. No treatment needed
In which condition would the pancreas be unable to produce insulin?
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
A substance that causes cancer is called what?
carcinogen
The flavor enhancer MSG represents a dietary source of what? Hint: MSG stands for Mono-Sodium Glutamate.
sodium
What is believed to be a primary cause of Type 1 Diabetes? Hint: Immune System
Defect of the immune system
Of the 10 leading causes of illness and death, how many are nutrition related?
Four
Which is an example of Food Intoxication?
Illness produced from ingestion of food contaminated with natural toxins
A person who produces a normal amount of insulin, but whose cells show a suboptimal response is said to be what?
Insulin resistant
What nutrient is important in providing oxygen in blood and muscle and is important in energy transformation reactions?
Iron
What blood cholesterol carrier is the greatest concern in atherosclerosis?
LDL
When a sliced fresh apple turns brown, what likely causes this?
Oxidation, reaction of an enzyme with the phenolic compounds present in these fruits
Hyponatremia is low levels of what in the blood?
Sodium
What is the current knowledge on the use of vitamin and mineral supplements in athletic performance?
They may be beneficial for athletes who struggle to meet their energy requirements
Of a list of 4 risk factors for chronic disease, which can be modified and improved by diet?
Tobacco use, alcohol, less intake of saturated and trans fats