Nutrition Chapter 11
The AI for sodium in adults is
1500 mg/d
The adequate intake(AI) for chloride is
2300 mg/day
Most people in the United States do not consume the RDA for magnesium, which is in the range of ______ mg/day.
310-420
The absorption of magnesium usually ranges from between
40-60%.
Depending on a person's unique body composition roughly what percentage of body weight is contributed by water?
50-75%
Sulfur is essential to the functioning of glutathione which has ______ activity in the body.
Antioxidant
Which of the following is NOT a good source of phosphorus in the typical American diet?
Apples
For most Americans, milk products are significant food sources for ______.
Calcium
The most plentiful mineral in the body is
Calcium
Which of the following are major minerals?
Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission?
Calcium, Potassium, Sodium
Which of the following are good food sources of calcium?
Cheese, Yogurt, Milk
Magnesium is a critical component in ______, making plants good food sources for magnesium.
Chlorophyll
The simplest ways to determine hydration status are observing urine
Color. Volume.
Sulfur is a component of...
Cysteine. Biotin. methionine.
A person who has perspired a lot while exercising on a humid day is at risk for ______ due to fluid losses.
Dehydration
The greatest proportion of calcium absorption occurs in the
Duodenum
The adult RDA for magnesium ranges from 500 to 1000 mg/day.
False
The AI for sodium is __________ in people who perspire heavily.
Higher
The term that describes the body's water status is called _______.
Hydration
A person with persistently elevated blood pressure is diagnosed with ______.
Hypertension
Mineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance in the body are called
Ions. electrolytes.
Which type of tissue contains more water?
Lean muscle
What role in the body do sodium and potassium have in common?
Maintaining fluid balance.
Minerals that are required in the diet each day in amounts larger than 100 milligrams are classified as _______ minerals.
Major
Good dietary sources of phosphorus include
Meat. dairy.
Since there is no Upper Level set for potassium, is it advisable for individuals to take potassium supplements?
No
Kidney-disease patients may need to monitor and regulate their _____ intake to avoid hyperphosphatemia.
Phosphorus
Which of the following is NOT a good source of magnesium?
Refined grains
The common name for sodium chloride is ______.
Salt
Most of the phosphorus in the body can be found in the
Skeleton
Table salt is chemically known as _______ ________.
Sodium chloride
People with osteoporosis may break a bone by falling, or they may experience _______ fractures, in which a fragile bone gives way for no apparent reason.
Spontaneous
Diffusion _____ when the concentrations of the material on either side of the plasma membrane are equal.
Stops
True or false: Each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet.
True
True or false: Most unusable substances in the body can dissolve in water and exit the body through the urine.
True
True or false: There is no Upper Level for potassium.
True
Humans are able to make some water and to obtain it from which of the following types of foods?
Vegetables, fruits
Which bones are most often subject to osteoporosis-related fractures?
Vertebrae, Ankle bones, Wrist bones, Hip bones
Calcium absorption in the small intestine is achieved with the help of
Vitamin D. calcium-binding protein.
Recommendations for total _____ intake vary widely because factors such as environmental temperatures, health conditions, physical activities, and dietary choices influence individual requirements.
Water
How long can a human survive without water?
a few days
Most of the sodium in the American diet comes from salt:
added during food preparation. added during to food during processing. added to cooked meals at the table.
Which MyPlate food group does not contribute minerals to the diet?
all MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet
Of the foods listed below, the food that provides the most potassium is ______.
baked potato
Which of the following is not a function of water within the body?
bodily fluids provide a source of energy to the body
The process by which bone tissue gains strength and rigidity is called
bone mineralization.
Ted would like to lower his blood pressure by making a few dietary changes. If Ted aims to increase his potassium intake, he should:
choose more fruits and vegetables.
Which of the following diseases or conditions are positively affected by calcium rich diets?
chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, hypertension
Water moves from a region that is _____ to a region that has more material dissolved in it.
dilute
The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when
fluid intake is limited. fluid loss is great.
Since most Americans use too much table salt, and since table salt is sodium and chloride, most Americans get _____ than the AI for chloride.
greater than
The amount of water a person needs to consume is determined by
health conditions. environmental temperatures. dietary choices. physical activities.
People with hypertension are at an increased risk of
heart disease. Stroke. kidney failure.
Iron is an important component of______.
hemoglobin in blood cells.
The crystalline structure composed of calcium and phosphorus used for bone formation is called
hydroxyapatite
The body maintains fluid balance by controlling in each compartment the concentration of ________.
ions
Calcium, sodium and potassium are examples of _____ minerals
major
Roles for calcium in the body include
muscle contraction. bone and teeth formation. blood clot formation.
Potassium is needed by the body for
muscle contraction. nerve transmission.
Most salt substitutes are comprised of ______.
potassium chloride
Examples of foods high in sodium are
processed snacks.
Chloride along with sodium plays an important role in
regulating fluid balance.
Functions for chloride in the body include
regulation of acid base balance., Hydrochloric acid production in the stomach, transmission of nerve impulses.
Sodium is often added to foods during processing in order to
retard food spoilage. enhance flavor.
Consuming a calcium rich diet may have beneficial effects on
successful weight loss.
Roles for phosphorus in the body include
synthesizing DNA. regulating acid-base balance. generating ATP.
The major source of chloride in the American diet is
table salt.
The absorption of dietary magnesium increases when
the body is deficient in magnesium.
Major minerals are called major because
they are stored in the body in larger quantities. they are needed in greater dietary amounts.
Choose the statements about water that are true.
total water intake requirements vary widely. water needs vary based on environmental temperatures, age, and health conditions. dietary choices and physical activity influence water requirements
How are minerals classified?
trace minerals, major minerals
Which of the following are functions of water?
transport nutrients, regulate body temperature, major solvent
What is the primary avenue for excess water to be removed from the body?
urine output