Nutrition Chapter 11

The recommended intake of calcium for adults is __________ mgs/day.

1000-1200

The matrix of bones is: A. a protein framework. B. made up primarily of collagen. C. imbedded with hydroxyapatite. D. All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.(Bones)

Which group could benefit from calcium supplements if needs are not met by diet? A. Post-menopausal women. B. Young people who have not yet achieved peak bone mass. C. All these groups could benefit. D. Individuals with decreased bone density.

All these groups could benefit.

Which of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with mineral absorption? A. Phytates B. Tannins C. Ascorbic acid D. Oxalates

Ascorbic acid

The most abundant mineral in the body is:

Calcium

Which of the following is NOT likely to result from prolonged low calcium intake? A. Development of osteomalacia B. Fractures in the elderly C. Problems with cell signaling and regulation D. A lower peak bone mass in young adult females

Problems with cell signaling and regulation

Which is the correct relationship between smoking and drinking and osteoporosis risk?

Smoking and drinking both increase risk.

Peak bone mass in women is typically achieved in:

early adulthood.

All of the following decrease the risk of osteoporosis EXCEPT: A. low body weight. B. weight bearing exercise. C. increased muscle mass. D. high body weight and fat.

low body weight.

Significant loss of bone mass and increased risk of fractures associated with aging is termed:

osteoporosis

Good sources of magnesium include all of the following EXCEPT: A. leafy green vegetables. B. nuts. C. whole grains. D. processed foods.

processed foods.

The following minerals all compete with each other for absorption EXCEPT: A. zinc. B. calcium. C. copper. D. sodium.

sodium.

Phosphorus is essential for energy production since it is part of:

ATP

Which is the FALSE statement about absorption of calcium? A. Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption. B. Calcium supplements may interfere with absorption of copper and iron. C. Lactose enhances the rate of calcium absorption. D. Calcium absorption decreases during pregnancy.

Calcium absorption decreases during pregnancy.

Which statement concerning magnesium deficiency is FALSE? A. Deficiency is common in the general population. B. Symptoms include changes in heartbeat and blood pressure. C. It can be caused by diuretics. D. All of these statements are false.

Deficiency is common in the general population.

Postmenopausal bone loss is primarily associated with decreased levels of the hormone:

Estrogen

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium? A. If dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium. B. If dietary calcium is low, both blood and bone levels will decline. C. If dietary calcium is low, blood calcium is sacrificed to maintain bone calcium. D. Blood levels of calcium are a good indicator of the calcium status of bone.

If dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium.

Which of the following is NOT a typical reason why women are at increased risk of osteoporosis? A. Bone breakdown accelerates after menopause. B. The hormonal changes that accompany menopause affect appetite for calcium-containing foods. C. Women achieve a lower peak bone mass than men. D. Calcium absorption declines for a few years post-menopause.

The hormonal changes that accompany menopause affect appetite for calcium-containing foods.

After 35 to 45 years of age:

bone breakdown exceeds bone formation.

Most of the magnesium in the body is in:

bones.