Nutrition Chapter 19 Quiz
What are the three major problems causing hunger?
Environmental deterioration, poverty, and population growth
True or False? Whereas poverty is the underlying cause of chronic mild to moderate malnutrition, war and its aftermath cause severe malnutrition and famine.
True
Iron deficiency, the most common nutritional disorder in the world, causes _____.
anemia
"Food insecurity" refers to: A. Not having access to nutritionally adequate and safe foods. B. Not having enough food to eat. C. Food that is safe to eat. D. A nutritionally adequate diet.
A. Not having access to nutritionally adequate and safe foods.
Which of the following actions often contributes to an increase in the number of hungry people in a country by limiting access to agricultural supplies, fuel, and food-processing supplies? A. Sanctions and embargoes B. Farm subsidies C. Urban renewal programs D. Emergency relief efforts
A. Sanctions and embargoes
The prevalence of obesity among low-income, food-insecure groups in America is explained by: A. Their need to maximize calorie intake for every dollar spent. B. Their tendency to engage in binge eating regularly. C. Their need to rely on low-calorie foods to stave off hunger. D. Their tendency to spend more of their budget on fixed expenses than food.
A. Their need to maximize calorie intake for every dollar spent.
_____ are considered to be the most vulnerable group to hunger. A. The homeless B. Older adults C. Children D. The working poor
C. Children
Approximately what percentage of the food produced in the United States and in the world is wasted? What type of food recovery approach can help to address this problem?
Correct Each year, 40 percent of the food produced in this country and 33 percent of the food produced worldwide is wasted. Programs throughout the country are rescuing much of this wholesome food and distributing it to people in need. Gleaning is harvesting excess food from farms, orchards, and packing houses. Perishable items are also salvaged from wholesale and retail markets; fresh foods that are wholesome but will spoil before they can be sold are given to local food pantries and meal providers. Canned goods and other staples are collected from groceries, distributors, food processors, and individual homes. Even surplus food from restaurants, caterers, and other food services is collected by some charities for local food programs.
Discuss the health effects associated with iodine deficiency during pregnancy.
Correct In pregnancy, iodine deficiency can cause spontaneous abortion and stillbirths. In some cases, the deficiency can cause cretinism, a birth defect that results in severe mental retardation. There can also be deafness and paralysis along with the mental retardation.
Throughout the world, the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness is _____ deficiency. A. folate B. vitamin A C. protein D. iron
CorrectB. vitamin A
Among those who are infected with the HIV virus, the infection progresses faster in people who: A. Are deficient in calcium. B. Do not take iron pills and become anemic. C. Are poorly nourished. D. Use alcohol and marijuana to control pain.
CorrectC. Are poorly nourished.
All of the following conditions are likely to result from suboptimal nutrition except: A. Increased risk of chronic diseases. B. Increased need for medications. C. Increased growth rate in young children. D. All of these are correct.
CorrectC. Increased growth rate in young children.
An after-school program can apply for food funding through the _____ program. A. School Lunch B. Food Stamp C. WIC D. Child and Adult Care Food
D. Child and Adult Care Food
Describe the impact of environmental degradation on food production.
Environmental degradation has nutritional consequences because it threatens food production. Urbanization and the expansion of cities reduce acreage available for farming. The pressure to supply food to growing populations leads to clear-cutting marginal land, eventually eroding hilly terrain or quickly exhausting fragile rainforest soils. Overdependence on irrigation can drain water, eventually creating deserts. The destruction of vast areas of natural ground cover can lead to global climate changes. Overuse of pesticides and fertilizers pollutes waterways, destroying fish and seafood.
True or False? In the United States, as long as someone is employed, he or she will not be hungry.
False
True or False? In the United States, there are fewer cases of obesity among low-income, food-insecure groups than among people with higher incomes.
False
What are food deserts, and do they exist in wealthy countries?
Food deserts refer to areas that lack access to affordable healthful foods such as low-fat milk products, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Yes, food deserts do exist in wealthy countries.
What is food insecurity, and what characteristics are associated with food insecurity? Provide at least two characteristics.
Food insecurity is defined as limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways. Food insecurity is strongly associated with poverty and is interlinked with economic and social factors. Food insecurity and hunger were highest in households headed by single women with children and in Hispanic and African American households. Geographically, food insecurity is more common in large cities and rural areas and, regionally, more prevalent in the South.
_____ deficiency is the greatest source of preventable brain damage in the world.
Iodine
_____ are pathogenic organisms that can cause intestinal bleeding and malabsorption that increase the risk of iron deficiency.
Parasites
What are the two major types of protein-calorie malnutrition?
kwashiorkor, marasmus
Children who are vitamin A deficient have a greater risk of suffering severe complications from the common childhood infection _____ than children who are not vitamin A deficient.
measles
Pellagra is still found in countries where the diet is corn based and low in the amino acid _____.
tryptophan