Nutrition Chapter 2
EARs are daily nutrients intake amounts estimated to meet needs of _____% of individuals in specific ____ _____.
- 50% -life stages
An AI is set in place of an ___ when ___ does not exist.
- RDA -EAR
-EARs are set for ____ nutrients -adjusted to account for ______ and ______. - can ONLY be used to __________ ________ ___ ___________ NOT ____ _________.
-17 -digestability and absorption - evaluate adequacy of groups, not of individuals.
______ upper intake ____, or upper levels, are the maximum daily intake amounts of nutrients that are not likely to cause adverse health effects in almost all individuals in a life stage group.
-tolerable -levels
what 5 set of standards are include in a DRI?
1. estimate average requirement (EAR) 2.recommended dietary allowance (RDA) 3. adequate intake (AI) 4. tolerable upper intake level (UL) 5. estimate energy requirement (EER)
AIs are curently set for essential (4)
1. fatty acids 2. fiber 3. some vitamins 4. minerals
Essential fatty acids, __1_, and certain __2___ and _3___ all have adequate intakes to set a daily intake amount for nutrients that do not have an established EAR.
1. fiber 2. vitamins 3. minerals
RDAs consider nutrient's ability to (1) plus ability to (2).
1. prevent chronic disease 2. prevent deficiency
how many different life stages for DRIs are present?
6
RDAs are daily nutrient intake amounts sufficient to meet needs of ___-____% of individuals in specific life stages.
97-98%
select the components that must be listed on most nutrition facts panels: (multiple) a- total cal b- water content c- protein d- total fat e- fiber f- potassium
A,C,D,E
for which nutrients are DRVs set? (mutliple) a- vitamins b- potassium c-fats d- carbs e- sodium f- protein
All but not A
a person's risk for developing a nutrient deficiency increases when their RDA for a nutrient regularly drops below the ______. a- UI b- AI c- EER d- EAR
Answer: A
which 2 components should be met when planning a healthy diet? a- AIs b- EERs c- DARs d- RDAs
Answer: A, D
what are some food and food component recommendations for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding? a-take an iron supplement b- consume 8-12oz of seefood per week c- consume moderate amounts of alcohol d- decrease the amount of daily physical activity e- limit consumption of white tuna to 6 oz per week
Answer: A,B,E
DRIs do not apply to which groups: a- undernourished b- people who have their regulation nutrition needs met c-people with diseases that req. higher intakes d- people with health conditions that req. higher intakes
Answer: A,C,D
Which nutrients should peole strive to reach 100% DV?(multiple) a- vitamin C b- sodium c- calcium d- vitamin A e- cholesterol f- iron g- fiber
Answer: A,C,D,F,G
what are some examples of very low and low energy density foods?multiple a- plan bakes patato b- bacon c- lettuce d- salsa e- peanuts f- eggs g- oatmeal
Answer: A,C,DG
what are some examples of medium and high energy density foods? a- potato chips b- carrots c- beans d- ham e-broccoli f- pumpkin pie g- whole weat bread
Answer: A,D,F,G
a person's risk for developing a nutrient deficiency increases when their RDA for a nutrient regularly drops below the _____ a- UI b- EAR c-EER d- Al
Answer: B
the daily nutrient intake amounts sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all individuals in a life stage is called ____. a- tolerable upper intake level b- recommended dietary allowance c- adequate daily intakes d- estimate average req.
Answer: B
nutrient intakes that are higher than the ____can cause health issues like diarrhea and inflammation of the stomach lining. a- required daily allowance b- upper levels c-estimated energy requirement d- adequate intake
Answer: B ) upper levels
for which nutrients are the DRVs set ? a- vitamins b- sodium c-potassium d- carbs e- fats f- protein
Answer: B thru F
what qualities must a food product have in order for it to make a health claim? a- the food must be made in north america or it must be monitored by a company in north america b- a single serving of the food cannot contain more than 13g of fat, 4g of saturated fat, 60mg of cholesterol and 480mg of sodium c- the food must be a good source of fiber, protein, vitamin A ,vitamin C , calcium or iron d- the product must be a low calories food that contains whole grains e- the product must meet criteria specific to the health claim being made
Answer: B,C,E
Daily Values are based on these two sets of dietary standards: a- dietary values b- reference daily intakes c- estimated values d- daily reference values
Answer: B,D
what is the term for a measure that typically evaluated the activity of an enzymes in the body or the ability of a cell or an organ to maintain normal physiological function? a- normal indicators b- activity components c- functional markers d- physiological factors
Answer: C
for each macronutient the _______ provide a range of intake assoc. with good health and a reduced risk of chronic diseases for receommended intakes of essential nutrients. a- EERs b- DRIs c- UIs d- AMDRs
Answer: D
this dietary recommendation is used to evaluate a person's current intake for a specific nutrient, recognizing that the further the intake strays from this value, the more likely the person will develop nutrition related problems. a- EER b- EAR c- AI d- RDA
Answer: D
what is the term for the daily intake amounts set for nutrients for which there are insufficient research data to establish an EAR? a- tolerable upper intake levels b- estimated energy req. c- recommended daily allowances d- adequate intakes
Answer: D
a person's risk for developing a nutrient deficiency increases when their intake of a nutrient drops below the _______ for that nutrient.
Answer: EAR
the ______ for most nutrients is based on the combines intake of food, water, supplement, and fortified food. The exceptions are niacin, magnesium, zinc and nickel. a- upper level b- adequate intakes c- estimated energy req. d- lower level intake
Answer:A
match the % DRVs to the energy providing nutrient. A category may have more than one answer. match: fat, saturated fat, protein, carb, and fiber. Categories: - 30% -10% -60% -11.5g
Answers: 30% = fat 10% = saturated fat & protein 60% = carbs 11.5g = fiber
what is the term for the max intake amounts of nutrients that are not likely to cause adverse heath effects to almost all individuals in a life-stage group? a- estimate energy levels b- upper levels c- adequate intakes d- recommended daily intake
B- upper levels
____ ______ _____ are standards set for energy producing nutrients like fat, carbs, proteins, cholesterol , sodium and potassium.
Daily reference values
a goal of the _____ ________ is to promote the consumption of food to meet nutrient needs since dietary supplements are not an adequate substitute for a healthy diet.
Dietary guidelines
for must adults, the best estimate of energy needs in relation to the _____ _______ ______ is the amount of energy required to achieve and maintain healthy weight.
Estimated energy requirement
rank the steps for calculating the nutrient density of a food: a- divide the calories in a serving of the food by the EER b- divide the amt of a nutrient in a serving by the RDA c- compare the values and see of the food provides a greater contribution to your nutrient need than your calorie need.
a- 2 b-1 c-3
For each macronutrient, the _______ _________ _______ ______ provides a range of intake, as a percent of energy associated with good health and a reduced risk of chronic disease while providing for recommended intakes of essential nutrients.
acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges
RDA can ONLY be set for nutrients with what?
an EAR
DRI recommendations are for ______ dietary intake.
average
a ______ _______ is a generic nutrient standard used on nutrition facts labels.
daily value
the ____ _____ are based on 2 sets of dietary standards: reference daily intakes and daily reference values.
daily values
the _____ ________ are the foundation of the u.s gov.'s nutrition policy and eduction. They reflect what scientific experts believes the most accurate and up-to-date scientific knowledge about nutritious diets, physical activity, and related healthy lifestyle choices.
dietary guidelines
what is the name of the tool that supports overall health by providing guidance on the quantities of nutrients that are most likely to result in optimal health?
dietary reference intakes
the _____ _____ ______ are daily nutrient intake amounts that are estimated to meet the need of half the people in a certain life stage.
estimated average requirement
RDAs provide what ?
goals for usual dietary intake by healthy individuals.
what is a DRI?
nutrient recommended for people in U.S, Canada
AIs are base off of what?
observed or experimentally determined estimates of average nutrient intake needed to maintain a defined nutritional state (ex: bone health) in specific life stage group.
DRIs differ by ____ and _____.
stage(age and sex
the DRIs are established by who?
the food and nutrition board (FNB)
why were the acceptable macronutrient distribution established?
they were established to reduce the risk of nutrient-related chronic diseases
AIs are daily amounts set for nutrients ____ _______ _________ ________ to _________ ____.
when insufficient research available to establish EAR
