Nutrition Chapter 3
Bicarbonate is released into the duodenum during the process of digestion. Why? a- to neutralize the acidic chyme b- to activate hormonal release of bile c- to digest fats/oils d- to lubricate the villi of the small intestine
a.
The first section of the small intestine is called the: a- bile duct b- duodenum c- jejunum d- ileum
b.
What is chyme? a- an ulceration of the esophageal lining b- healthy bacteria of the small intestine c- a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices d- a substance that allows for the emulsification of dietary lipid
c.
Which of the following is classified as a digestive fluid? a- chyme b- cholecystokinin c- hydrochloric acid d- gastrin
c.
The type of nutrient absorption process that requires both energy and the use of a carrier protein is: a- hydrolysis b- passive diffusion c- facilitated diffusion d- active transport
d.
What type of damage does Crohn's disease cause to the GI tract? a- permanently opened gastroesophageal sphincter b- blockage of the hepatic portal vein c- gastric ulcers d- inflammation of the small intestine
d.
Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? a- mouth b- stomach c- small intestine d- kidney
d.
Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment approach for someone suffering from GERD? a- surgical removal of the gallbladder b- omission of all lactose foods antibiotic therapy d- weight loss and smoking cessation
d.
Driven by a concentration gradient, lipids are absorbed through the process of: a- passive diffusion b- facilitated diffusion c- active transport d- endocytosis
a.
Hunger is best described as: a- a physiological drive to consume food b- a psychological drive to consume food c- eating that is often driven by environmental cues d- eating that is often driven by emotional cues
a.
The physiological need for food with no appetite is known as: a- anorexia b- satiety c- starvation d- hunger
a.
What is the cephalic phase of digestion? a- the earliest phase of digestion in which the brain prepares the body in anticipation of food b- the phase in which semi-digested food leaves the stomach and slowly enters the small intestine c- the phase in which the majority of absorption occurs, primarily in the small intestine d- the final phase of digestion in which the large intestine and rectum prepare the undigested components of food for elimination
a.
What is the primary cause of malabsorption in people with celiac disease? a- damage to the villi of the small intestine b- an ulcer c- damage to the lining of the esophagus d- presence of sulfur in the GI tract
a.
Which of the following treatments would be appropriate for treating a peptic ulcer? a- antibiotics b- aspirin c- ibuprofen d- eliminating spicy foods from the diet
a.
Which process does salivary amylase initiate? a- carbohydrate digestion b- lipid emulsification c- protein digestion d- inhibition of bacterial growth
a.
A lipase is an enzyme that digests: a- protein b- fat c- carbohydrate d- alcohol
b.
Bile is produced by: a- gallbladder b- liver c- stomach d- pancreas
b.
Chemical digestion of which nutrient occurs in the mouth? a- alcohol b- carbohydrate c- fat d- protein
b.
During digestion, hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach begins the process of: a- carbohydrate digestion b- denaturing proteins c- fat emulsification d- neutralizing acidic chyme
b.
How do the pancreas and small intestine function together in the process of digestion? a- The pancreas produces hydrochloric acid (HCl) and releases it to the small intestine. b- The pancreas stores inactive digestive enzymes, and they are activated in the small intestine. c- The pancreas produces bile, and the small intestine releases it for fat emulsification. d- The pancreas absorbs remaining nutrients and passes them to the small intestine.
b.
Hunger and appetite differ in that: a- hunger is psychosocial, appetite is physiological b- hunger is internally driven; appetite is externally driven c- hunger is typically a pleasant sensation; appetite is a negative sensation d- hunger relates to a specific food; appetite is a general sense of desire
b.
The rhythmic contractions responsible for propelling food through the digestive tract are called: a- elimination b- peristalsis c- mastication d- locomotion
b.
Which GI tract hormone plays a role in stimulating eating? a- gastrin b- ghrelin c- secretin d- parathyroid hormone
b.
Which protein will trigger an immune response in a person with celiac disease? a- amylase b- gluten c- albumin d- egg whites
b.
Which snack will have the highest satiety value, assuming the calories and relative size are similar? a- a slice of whole-grain bread b- a piece of cheese c- a serving of apple sauce d- a glass of grape juice
b.
Which statement best explains why carbohydrate digestion ceases when food reaches the stomach? a- carbohydrate is completely digested in the mouth b- salivary enzymes cannot function in the acid environment of the stomach c- carbohydrate is completely absorbed in the esophagus d- intestinal bacteria are needed for carbohydrate digestion
b.
Which type of absorption requires the use of carrier protein but not energy? a- passive diffusion b- facilitated diffusion c- active transport d- endocytosis
b.
A bolus travels from the mouth to the stomach via the: a- trachea b- nasal sinuses c- esophagus d- epiglottis
c.
A primary function of the mucus in the stomach is to: a- neutralize stomach acid b- activate pepsinogen to form pepsin c- protect the stomach lining d- emulsify fats
c.
A savory taste due to the presence of glutamic acid is called: a- bitter b- sour c- umami d- salty
c.
Chyme remains in the stomach for at least 2 hours because: a- it must be converted to a much less acidic pH before entering the duodenum b- the ileocecal valve is too small to pass it all at once c- the small intestine can be hold only a small fraction of the stomach volume at a time d- moving food into the small intestine too quickly can lead to an ulcer
c.
Immediately after absorption, what circulatory system carries most of the fat-soluble nutrients? a- vascular b- mesenteric c- lymphatic d- enterohepatic
c.
The ___________ is the organ most responsible for prompting us to seek food. a- stomach b- small intestine c- hypothalamus d- mouth
c.
The ____________ located in the walls of the GI tract helps control digestion, absorption, and elimination. a- peripheral nervous system b- hepatic nervous system c- enteric nervous system d- gastric nervous system
c.
The hormone ________ is released after the ingestion of a meal and triggers the stomach to release digestive juices. a- leptin b- insulin c- gastrin d- amylase
c.
The immune-supporting antibodies found in breast milk are absorbed through the process of: a- passive diffusion b- facilitated diffusion c- endocytosis d- enterocytosis
c.
The microvilli in the small intestine are collectively called the: a- enterocytes b- lacteals c- brush border d- rugae
c.
Which of the following organs is responsible for the manufacture and secretion of many digestive enzymes and bicarbonate? a-liver b- stomach c- pancreas d- gallbladder
c.
Which of the following organs produces a variety of proteases? a- mouth b- stomach c- pancreas d- small intestine
c.
Which structure keeps swallowed food from entering the trachea? a- tonsils b- soft palate c- epiglottis d- upper esophageal sphincter
c.
Which two pancreatic hormones are responsible for regulating blood glucose levels? a- estrogen and testosterone b- neuropeptide Y and leptin c- insulin and glucagon d- bicarbonate and HCI
c.
Barbara has just been diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following foods would be most dangerous for her to consume? a- cornflakes b- rice cakes c- potatoes d- whole-wheat bread
d.
Food is digested through chemical reactions involving the addition of water molecules. This process is known as: a- reduction b- oxidation c- dehydration d- hydrolysis
d.
Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which cells in the stomach? a- enterocytes b- mucus neck cells c- chief cells d- parietal cells
d.
Responding to the presence of protein and fat in our meal, cholecystokinin signals the gallbladder to release a substance called: a- lipase b- pepsin c- chyme d- bile
d.
The main role of the esophagus in digestion is to: a- release bile for fat emulsification b- initiate the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates c- compact food into feces d- transport food to the stomach
d.
The region of the brain where physiological signals are translated into thirst and hunger messages is the: a- brain stem b- pituitary gland c- thalamus d- hypothalamus
d.
