Nutrition chapter 5

A triglyceride is composed of A) three fatty acids and one glycerol. B) three glycerols and one fatty acid. C) three atoms of carbon and one glycerol. D) three glycerols and one atom of carbon.

A

How many double bonds does a saturated fatty acid contain between carbons in the chain? A) none B) one C) two D) more than two

A

How much trans fat is recommended in the diet? A) as little as possible B) 3% of total energy intake C) 5% of total energy intake D) less than 10% of total energy intake

A

Nuts are a good source of A) healthful unsaturated fats. B) unnecessary Calories. C) vegetable oils. D) sodium.

A

Which lipoprotein is produced in the enterocytes and transports dietary fat into the lymphatic system? A) chylomicron B) sterol C) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) D) phospholipid

A

Which of the following are NOT major classes of dietary lipids? A) glycogens B) triglycerides C) sterols D) phospholipids

A

Which of the following are excellent sources of unsaturated fats? A) nuts and nut butters B) full-fat dairy products C) citrus fruits D) beans and rice

A

Which of the following describes lipids? A) organic substances that are insoluble in water B) inorganic substances that are insoluble in water C) organic substances that are insoluble in fat D) inorganic substances that are insoluble in fat

A

Which of the following ingredients on the label of a box of cookies would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids? A) partially hydrogenated vegetable oil B) high-fructose corn syrup C) all natural liquid corn oil D) vitamin E

A

Which of the following is the BEST source of polyunsaturated fatty acids? A) corn oil B) coconut oil C) beef fat D) butter

A

Why are phospholipids NOT classified as essential nutrients? A) Our bodies manufacture phospholipids. B) Phospholipids are not naturally found in the healthy body. C) The GI flora produce phospholipids. D) Phospholipids serve no useful function in the human body.

A

During exercise, which of the following triggers the breakdown of stored fat? A) lipoprotein lipase B) adrenaline C) insulin D) estrogen

B

Fat leaves the chylomicron and moves into adipose cells when the chylomicron comes into contact with A) pancreatic lipase. B) lipoprotein lipase. C) lingual lipase. D) bile.

B

The major form of fat in both food and the body is A) phospholipids. B) triglycerides. C) glycerols. D) sterols.

B

The most common sterol in our diet is A) olestra. B) cholesterol. C) phytosterol. D) stanol.

B

To facilitate the digestion of dietary fats, the gallbladder stores and releases a substance known as A) lipase. B) bile. C) hydrochloric acid. D) bicarbonate.

B

What is the primary form of fat in the diet? A) sterols B) triglycerides C) phospholipids D) glycerols

B

What role do polyunsaturated fatty acids play in the brain and spinal cord? A) They regulate calcium levels within normal ranges. B) They help transmit information between cells. C) They act as carriers, enabling active transport of nutrients into cells. D) They block the production of vessel-clogging cholesterol.

B

Which of the following foods are the BEST sources of monounsaturated fatty acids? A) coconut and palm oils B) olive oil and cashew nuts C) chicken and whole milk D) butter and beef

B

Which of the following is TRUE about essential fatty acids? A) The body produces essential fatty acids. B) We need to obtain essential fatty acids from food. C) No vegetables contain essential fatty acids. D) Consumption of essential fatty acids reduces the production of eicosanoids, which can promote cardiovascular disease.

B

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid? A) cholesterol B) linoleic acid C) butyric acid D) hydrochloric acid

B

Which of the following organs does NOT assist in the digestion of lipids? A) liver B) esophagus C) gallbladder D) tongue

B

Which type of fatty acid has hydrogen atoms located on the same side of the double bond? A) trans B) cis C) saturated D) glycerol

B

A fatty acid that contains a chain of ten carbons and one double carbon bond is a A) saturated, medium-chain fatty acid. B) saturated, long-chain fatty acid. C) monounsaturated, medium-chain fatty acid. D) monounsaturated, long-chain fatty acid.

C

A key component(s) of the cell membrane is/are A) lecithin. B) progesterone. C) phospholipids. D) triglycerides.

C

A new group of fat replacers has been developed using which of the following? A) monounsaturated fats B) starches C) proteins D) soluble fibers

C

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can be derived in limited quantities from A) glycerol. B) linoleic acid. C) alpha-linolenic acid. D) cholesterol.

C

Fatty acids released from fat stores travel in the blood attached to the protein A) fibrin. B) hemoglobin. C) albumin. D) globulin.

C

In people who are regularly physically active, extra fat consumed in the diet is stored first in A) adipose cells. B) the liver. C) muscle tissue. D) lymphatic tissue.

C

In the process of emulsification of triglycerides A) fatty acid chains are removed from the glycerol backbone. B) micelles transport fatty acids across the enterocytes. C) bile salts separate large fat droplets into smaller droplets. D) pancreatic lipase denatures fatty acid chains.

C

Medium-chain fatty acids are how many carbon atoms in length? A) 2 B) 4 C) at least 6 D) at least 14

C

Research has found that replacing your saturated fat intake with added sugars increases your risk for A) unintended weight loss. B) insomnia. C) cardiovascular disease. D) type 1 diabetes.

C

Saturated fats are A) not found in foods derived from plants. B) found primarily in foods derived from plants. C) found in salmon and eggs. D) liquid at room temperature

C

The 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee found that saturated fat intake is significantly higher among Americans who A) regularly consume foods with fat replacers. B) consume a vegetarian diet. C) frequently eat fast food. D) smoke

C

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat is what percentage of total energy intake? A) no more than 15% B) no more than 25% C) no more than 35% D) no more than 45%

C

The process of straightening an unsaturated fatty acid to create a more solid fat that resists rancidity is called A) emulsification. B) pressurization. C) hydrogenation. D) deamination.

C

The vast majority of fat digestion and absorption occurs in the A) stomach. B) liver. C) small intestine. D) large intestine.

C

What is the daily recommended intake of saturated fat? A) as little as possible B) less than 5% of total energy intake C) less than 10% of total energy intake D) between 20 and 35% of total energy intake

C

Which of the following is a fat replacer? A) phosphate B) saccharin C) olestra D) trans fat

C

Which of the following is a rich source of linoleic acid? A) a baked potato B) flaxseeds C) peanut oil D) salmon

C

Which of the following is a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids, making it a good choice for cooking and baking? A) walnut oil B) coconut oil C) canola oil D) butter

C

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the process of hydrogenation? A) Hydrogenation creates trans fatty acids. B) During hydrogenation, pressurized hydrogen is added to an unsaturated fatty acid chain. C) Hydrogenation gives the fatty acid chain more kinks. D) Hydrogenation can produce a partially hydrogenated oil (PHO).

C

While you are sleeping, approximately how much of the energy your cells use is derived from fats? A) nearly 100% B) 70-90% C) 30-70% D) 10-30%

C

Your risk for cardiovascular disease is increased if you consume a diet high in A) linoleic acid. B) EPA and DHA. C) trans fatty acids. D) essential fatty acids.

C

Partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) are A) generally recognized as safe. B) present in small amounts in meats and dairy products. C) essential fatty acids. D) not allowed in foods produced in the U.S. after 2018.

D

Raymond is trying to decrease his intake of saturated fat. Which of the following items would you recommend he add to his coffee? A) light cream B) half-and-half C) whole milk D) low-fat milk

D

Sex hormones and adrenal hormones are derived from which class of lipid? A) fatty acids B) triglycerides C) phospholipids D) sterols

D

The spherical compounds made up of bile and phospholipids that transport dietary fat into the enterocytes are A) chylomicrons. B) lipases. C) lipoproteins. D) micelles.

D

Where in the body are the majority of triglycerides stored for future energy needs? A) lipoproteins B) muscle tissue C) liver D) adipose tissue

D

Which of the following fatty acids is generally solid at room temperature? A) short-chain B) monounsaturated C) polyunsaturated D) saturated

D

Which of the following food items would contain the highest amount of saturated fat? A) a cup of raw baby spinach B) a tablespoon of canola oil C) a cup of skim milk D) a tablespoon of melted butter

D

Which of the following foods are HIGHEST in saturated fatty acids? A) tuna and walnuts B) salmon and canola oils C) peanut oil and peppers D) butter and palm kernel oil

D

Which of the following is NOT a function of fat in the human body? A) Fat assists in the transport of fat-soluble vitamins. B) Fat maintains the integrity of cell membranes. C) Fat provides insulation to help retain body heat. D) Consumption of fat helps stimulate our appetite.

D

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE? A) Foods that are high in cholesterol tend to be low in saturated fat. B) The Institute of Medicine recommends keeping your cholesterol intake to an absolute minimum. C) Your body's production and recycling of cholesterol are not influenced by the amount of cholesterol you consume in your diet. D) There appears to be no direct link between dietary cholesterol and cardiovascular disease.

D

Which of the following statements is FALSE about sterols? A) Sterols are found in both plant and animal foods. B) Cholesterol is the most common sterol found in the human diet. C) The human body produces sterols. D) Sterols contain a glycerol backbone and one fatty acid.

D

Which of the following statements is TRUE about trans fatty acids? A) They are made by the body in large quantities. B) They are found only in processed foods. C) They are less harmful to health than saturated fatty acids. D) Foods with a Nutrition Facts panel claiming "zero" trans fats per serving may actually contain trans fats.

D