Nutrition chapter 5
Monosaccharides
A simple sugar that is the basic molecule of carbohydrates
lactose
galactose + glucose (milk sugar)
sucrose
glucose + fructose (table sugar)
Maltose
glucose + glucose (malt sugar)
Examples of monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
nonnutritive sweeteners
group of synthetic compounds that are intensely sweet tasting compared to sugar
fructose
monosaccharide in fruits, honey, and certain vegetables. (fruit sugar)
galactose
monosaccharide that is a component of lactose
glucose
monosaccharide that is primarily fuel for muscles and other cells (blood sugar, Dextrose)
Complex CHO
oligosaccharides, starch, glycogen, fiber
disaccharide
simple sugar comprised of two monosaccharides
Alternative sweeteners
substances that sweeten foods while providing few or no kilocalories.
simple CHO
sugars
Added sugars
sugars added to foods during processing or preparation.
High-Fructose corn syrup
syrup obtained from the processing of corn
sugar alcohols
alternative sweeteners used to replace sucrose in some sugar-free foods; sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol
Carbohydrates
are a class of nutrients that is a major source of energy for the body
examples of disaccharides
maltose, lactose, sucrose
most sucrose in American diets comes from
refined sugarcane and sugar beets
Nutritive sweeteners
substances that sweeten and contribute energy to foods (they contain calories)
Aspartame
which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid.
Each gram of mono- or disaccharide supplies. . .
4 kcal
CHO
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
