Nutrition chapter 5

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Monosaccharides

A simple sugar that is the basic molecule of carbohydrates

lactose

galactose + glucose (milk sugar)

sucrose

glucose + fructose (table sugar)

Maltose

glucose + glucose (malt sugar)

Examples of monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

nonnutritive sweeteners

group of synthetic compounds that are intensely sweet tasting compared to sugar

fructose

monosaccharide in fruits, honey, and certain vegetables. (fruit sugar)

galactose

monosaccharide that is a component of lactose

glucose

monosaccharide that is primarily fuel for muscles and other cells (blood sugar, Dextrose)

Complex CHO

oligosaccharides, starch, glycogen, fiber

disaccharide

simple sugar comprised of two monosaccharides

Alternative sweeteners

substances that sweeten foods while providing few or no kilocalories.

simple CHO

sugars

Added sugars

sugars added to foods during processing or preparation.

High-Fructose corn syrup

syrup obtained from the processing of corn

sugar alcohols

alternative sweeteners used to replace sucrose in some sugar-free foods; sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol

Carbohydrates

are a class of nutrients that is a major source of energy for the body

examples of disaccharides

maltose, lactose, sucrose

most sucrose in American diets comes from

refined sugarcane and sugar beets

Nutritive sweeteners

substances that sweeten and contribute energy to foods (they contain calories)

Aspartame

which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid.

Each gram of mono- or disaccharide supplies. . .

4 kcal

CHO

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen


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